Purpose

BND is widely used as a binder in the road construction industry, and is also used in the repair of highways.

Delivery:

• Pickup
• Our logistics service
• Transport company
  (across Russia and the CIS)

• By bank transfer
• To our company card
• Cash

Characteristics

Manufacturers classify brands of road bitumen according to several indicators:

• needle penetration depth;
• extensibility;
• softening temperature.

There are two main types of bitumen: viscous and liquid. Their differences lie not only in properties and performance characteristics, but also in different production technologies.

Typically, liquid road bitumens are used to increase the service life of roads. Their compositions are formed by mixing viscous bases with thinners in the appropriate proportions provided for by GOST. BND of this type contain high-sulfur distillate fractions.

Viscous grades of petroleum bitumen are used in the construction or repair of road surfaces. They ignite at temperatures above 368 °C.

Quality indicators of viscous road bitumen grade BND (GOST 22245-90)

Indicator name	200/300	130/200	90/130	60/90	40/60
at 25°С	201-300	131-200	91-130	61-90	40-60
at 0°C	45	35	28	20
Softening temperature along the ring and ball, °C, not lower than:	35	39	43	47	51
Tensile strength, cm, not less:
at 25°С	-	65	60	50	40
at 0°C	20	6	4,2	3,5	-
Brittleness temperature, °C, not higher than:	-20	-18	-17	-15	-10
Flash point, °C, not lower:	200	220	220	220	220
Adhesion to marble or sand	Withstands according to control sample No. 2
Change in softening temperature after heating, °C, no more than:	8	7	6	6	6
Penetration index:	+1	-	-1	-1	-1
	0,2		0,3	0,3	0,3

Quality indicators of viscous road bitumen grade BN (GOST 6617-76)

Indicator name	200/300	130/200	90/130	60/90
Depth of needle penetration into bitumen, 0.1 mm:
at 25°C:	201-300	131-200	91-130	61-90
at 0°C:	-	-	-	-
Temperature, °C:
softening, not less	33	37	40	45
the same after warming up, no higher:	-	-	-	-
fragility, not higher:	8	7	6	6
flashes, not lower:	200	220	220	220
Tensile strength, cm, not less:
at 25°C:	-	70	60	50
at 0°C:	-	-	-	-
Adhesion test with marble or sand:	withstands according to control sample No. 2
Content of water-soluble compounds, %, no more than:	-	-	-	-
Penetration index:	+1	-	-1,5	-1,5

Road bitumen from the company "TransGazRemont"

BND is sold in batches of 200 kg. The price is determined by the characteristics of the product and the conditions of the supplier. You can also buy other building materials for road repairs from us.

All products are supplied with markings and accompanying documents reflecting the main characteristics of the product.

Take advantage of delivery services to the construction site.

INTERSTATE STANDARD

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

Official publication

Standardi nform 2009

INTERSTATE STANDARD

PETROLEUM ROAD LIQUID BITUMENS

Specifications

Road petroleum liquid bitumens.

MKS 75.140 OKP 02 5611 0000

Date of introduction 01/01/84

This standard applies to liquid petroleum road bitumen used as a binding material in the construction of road surfaces, foundations and for other purposes.

Mandatory requirements for product quality are set out in clause 2.2 (table, item 4) and etc. 4.2. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

1. BRANDS

1.1. Depending on the rate of structure formation, liquid bitumen is divided into two classes:

Thickening at an average speed, obtained by liquefying viscous road bitumen with liquid petroleum products (LP) and intended for the construction of permanent and lightweight road surfaces, as well as for the construction of their bases in all road-climatic zones of the country;

Slow-thickening, obtained by diluting viscous road bitumen with liquid petroleum products (LP) and obtained from residual or partially oxidized petroleum products or mixtures thereof (LGO), intended for the production of cold asphalt concrete, as well as for the construction of lightweight road surfaces and bases in II-V road climatic conditions zones and other purposes.

1.2. Depending on the class and viscosity, the following brands of liquid bitumen are established:

SG 40/70, SG 70/130, SG 130/200;

MG 40/70, MG 70/130, MG 130/200;

MGO 40/70, MGO 70/130, MGO 130/200.

1.3. To obtain liquefied bitumen, viscous road bitumen is used in accordance with GOST 22245 with a needle penetration depth of no more than 90.

Fractional composition of petroleum products used as thinners:

Initial boiling point, °C, not lower................ 145 -

50% is distilled at a temperature, °C, not higher........... 215 280

96% is distilled at a temperature, °C, not higher than........... 300 360

To ensure the required adhesion to marble or sand, surfactants (anionic or cationic) are introduced into liquid bitumens, if necessary.

Official publication

Reproduction is prohibited

© IPC Publishing House of Standards, 1982 © STANDARTINFORM, 2009

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Liquid bitumen must be produced in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

2.2. In terms of physical and chemical indicators, liquid bitumen must meet the requirements and standards specified in the table.

Standard for the brand

Continuation

	Standard for the brand
Indicator name					tests
1. Conditional viscosity according to a viscometer with a 5 mm hole at 60 °C, s					According to GOST 11503, with the addition according to clause 5.3 of this standard
2. Amount of evaporated diluent, %, not less					According to GOST 11504
3. Softening temperature of the residue after determining the amount of evaporated thinner, °C, not lower					According to GOST 11506
4. Flash point determined in an open crucible, °C, not lower					According to GOST 4333
5. Adhesion test with marble or sand	Withstands in accordance with control sample No. 2				According to GOST 11508 and clause 5.2 of this standard

Notes:

1. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

2. For liquid bitumen grade MGO 70/130, produced from Baku oils, the flash point is allowed not lower than 140 °C.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

3.1. Liquid bitumens are flammable substances with a self-ignition temperature of at least 300 °C.

3.2. When liquefying viscous bitumen in an open system, the temperature of the bitumen supplied for mixing with the liquefier should not exceed 120 °C.

Mixing of viscous bitumen with a diluent is carried out with inert gas or circulation.

3.3. When working with liquid bitumen, it is prohibited to use open fire and smoke in the work area.

3.4. Liquid bitumen should be heated using steam. It is allowed to use electric heating provided that the heating elements are well insulated.

When draining, filling and using liquid bitumen, the following heating temperatures are set for grades:

from 70 °C to 80 °C - for SG 40/70; MG 40/70;

» 80 °С » 90 °С » SG 70/130; MG 70/130;

» 90 °С » 100 °С » SG 130/200; MG 130/200; MGO 40/70; MGO 70/130; MGO 130/200.

3.5. When producing, draining, loading and sampling bitumen, special clothing, individual

dual means of protection in accordance with standard industry standards approved by the USSR State Committee for Labor and Social Issues and the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions.

3.6. When small amounts of bitumen catch fire, it is extinguished with sand, felt felt or a fire extinguisher, or special powders; Fires of spilled product that have developed over a large area are extinguished with a foam jet.

4. ACCEPTANCE RULES

4.1. Liquid bitumen is taken in batches. A batch is considered to be any quantity of bitumen that is uniform in its quality indicators and accompanied by one quality document in accordance with GOST 1510 with the obligatory indication of the trademark. The quality document also indicates the mineral material (sand or marble) with which the adhesion test was carried out.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.2. The volume of samples is in accordance with GOST 2517.

4.3. If unsatisfactory test results are obtained for at least one of the indicators, repeat testing of a sample from a double sample is carried out.

The results of repeated tests are applied to the entire batch.

5. TEST METHODS

5.1. Samples of liquid bitumen are taken according to GOST 2517. The weight of the combined sample of each brand of liquid bitumen is 1.0 kg.

5.2. The test for adhesion to marble or sand is carried out according to GOST 11508 for liquid bitumen of the MGO grades using method A, for grades SG and MG - using method B.

Liquid bitumens, to which cationic substances have been added, are tested for adhesion to sand; liquid bitumen with anionic substances - with marble.

5.3. Conditional viscosity is determined according to GOST 11503 with the following addition: the sample is pre-cooled to room temperature, kept for at least 1 hour, then heated 2 °C-3 °C above the test temperature.

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 3).

6. PACKAGING, LABELING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

6.1. Packaging, labeling, transportation and storage of liquid bitumen - in accordance with GOST 1510.

According to the degree of transport hazard, liquid bitumen is classified as hazard class 9, subclass 9.1, category 9.12 according to GOST 19433.

Liquid bitumen of classes SG and MG should be stored in tanks equipped with safety valves.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

7. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY

7.1. The manufacturer guarantees that the quality of liquid bitumen meets the requirements of this standard subject to the conditions of transportation and storage.

7.2. The guaranteed shelf life of liquid bitumen from the date of manufacture should be for the SG class - 6 months; MG class - 8 months; MGO class - 1 year.

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry of the USSR, Ministry of Transport Construction of the USSR

2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated 08.25.82 No. 3367

Change No. 2 was adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes No. 6 of October 21, 1994)

State name
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Azgosstandart
Republic of Armenia	Armgosstandard
Republic of Belarus	State Standard of Belarus
	Gruzstandart
The Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic	Kyrgyzstandard
The Republic of Moldova	Moldovastandard
Russian Federation	Gosstandart of Russia
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Uzgosstandart
	State Standard of Ukraine
Change No. 3 was adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification
(Minutes No. 17 of June 22, 2000) The following voted for adoption:
State name	Name of the national standardization body
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Azgosstandart
Republic of Armenia	Armgosstandard
Republic of Belarus	State Standard of the Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Gosstandart of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyzstandard
The Republic of Moldova	Moldovastandard
Russian Federation	Gosstandart of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Tajikgosstandart
Turkmenistan	Main State Inspectorate "Turkmenstandartlary"
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Uzgosstandart
	Gospotrebstandart of Ukraine
3. INSTEAD GOST 11955-74
4. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
	Number of paragraph, subparagraph
GOST 1510-84
GOST 2517-85
GOST 4333-87
GOST 11503-74
GOST 11504-73
GOST 11506-73
GOST 11508-74
GOST 19433-88
GOST 22245-90
5 The validity period was lifted according to the protocol	No. 3-93 Interstate Council on Standards

tization, metrology and certification (IUS 5-6-93)

6. EDITION (October 2009) with Amendments No. 1,2, 3, approved in December 1987, August 1995, October 2000 (IUS 4-88, 10-95, 12-2000), Amendment (IUS 1-2006)

Editor N.V. Talanova Technical editor N.S. Grishanova Proofreader A.S. Chernousova Computer layout I.A. Naleykina

Signed for publication on December 15, 2009. Format 60 x 84 1/%. Offset paper. Times typeface. Offset printing. Cond.bake.l. 0.93. Academician-ed.l. 0.55. Circulation 69 copies. Zach. 762.

FSUE "STANDARTINFORM", 123995 Moscow, Granatny lane, 4.

Typed into FSUE "STANDARTINFORM" on a PC.

Printed in the branch of FSUE "STANDARTINFORM" - type. "Moscow Printer", 105062 Moscow, Lyalin lane, 6.

The purpose of generally accepted methods for testing the quality of bitumens is to determine their consistency, purity and heat resistance. To determine consistency, many methods have been proposed to establish its dependence on viscosity. Bitumen is characterized and compared by the degree of fluidity at a certain temperature or by the temperature at which certain properties are determined.
Such indicators characterizing the properties of solid bitumen include the penetration depth of a standard needle (penetration), softening temperature, elongation into a thread (ductility), and brittleness temperature. These studies are, strictly speaking, not equivalent to direct determination of viscosity, but have wide practical application because they allow the consistency of bitumen to be quickly characterized. The main indicators characterizing the properties of bitumen also include adhesion, surface tension at the interface, cohesion, thermal, optical and dielectric properties. Comparable indicators, in addition, include weight loss during heating and changes in penetration after it, solubility in organic solvents, ash content, flash point, density, and rheological properties.
Some indicators are determined both for the initial bitumen and for bitumen after heating, which simulates the aging process. The standards set certain values ​​of quality indicators, which reflect the optimal composition of bitumen. This composition may be different for different applications of bitumen.

Penetration

Penetration is an indicator characterizing the depth of penetration of a body of a standard shape into semi-liquid and semi-solid products under a certain regime, which determines the ability of this body to penetrate into the product, and the product to resist this penetration. Penetration is determined by a penetrometer, the design of which and test procedure are given in GOST 11501-78; The penetration depth of the needle is taken to be 0.1 mm per unit of penetration. The penetration of road petroleum bitumen of various grades at 25 ° C, a load of 100 G, for 5 seconds is 40-300 * 0.1 mm, and at 0 ° C, a load of 200 G, for 60 seconds - from 13 to 50 * 0 .1 mm. Thus, depending on the temperature, load and duration of needle penetration, the penetration value changes significantly. Therefore, the conditions for its determination are specified in advance. Penetration indirectly characterizes the degree of hardness of bitumen. The higher the penetration of bitumen at a given softening temperature and at a given penetration - the softening temperature of bitumen, the higher its heat resistance. Bitumen with high heat resistance can be obtained by appropriate selection of raw materials, technological method and production mode.

Softening point

The softening point of bitumen is the temperature at which bitumen turns from a relatively solid state into a liquid one. The method for determining the softening temperature is conventional and not scientifically substantiated, but is widely used in practice. The test is carried out according to GOST 11506-73 by the “ring and ball” (R&B) method, and also sometimes by the Kremer-Sarnova method.
Penetration index is an indicator characterizing the degree of colloidality of bitumen or the deviation of its state from a purely viscous one. Based on the penetration index, bitumen is divided into three groups.
1) Bitumen with a penetration index of less than -2, without a dispersed phase or containing highly peptized asphaltenes (bitumens from cracking residues and pitches from coal tars). The elasticity of such bitumen is very small or practically equal to zero.
2) Bitumen with a penetration index from - 2 to +2 (residual and slightly oxidized).
3) Bitumen with a penetration index of more than +2 have significant elasticity and pronounced colloidal properties of gels. These are oxidized bitumens with high extensibility.

Brittle point

The brittleness point is the temperature at which a material breaks under the action of a briefly applied load. According to Fraas, this is the temperature at which the modulus of elasticity of bitumen with a loading duration of 11 seconds is the same for all bitumens and is equal to 1100 kg/cm2 (1.0787-108 n/m2). The brittleness temperature characterizes the behavior of bitumen in a road surface: the lower it is, the higher the quality of road bitumen. Oxidized bitumens have a lower brittleness point than other bitumens of the same penetration.
The brittleness temperature of road bitumen usually ranges from -2 to -30 °C. To determine it, use the method described in GOST 11507-78 with the addition according to clause 3.2.

Ductility

The extensibility (ductility) of bitumen is characterized by the distance over which it can be pulled into a thread before breaking. This indicator also indirectly characterizes the adhesion of bitumen and is associated with the nature of its components. Road petroleum bitumens have high elongation - more than 40 cm. Increasing the extensibility of bitumen does not always correspond to an improvement in their properties. The quality of road bitumen cannot be judged by the elongation index, since the test conditions (stretching at a speed of 5 cm/min) differ from the operating conditions of bitumen in the road surface.
The extensibility of bitumens at 25 °C has a maximum value corresponding to their transition from the state of a Newtonian fluid to a structured one. The more bitumen deviates from the Newtonian flow, the lower its elongation at 25°C, but quite high at 0°C. Bitumen should have increased elongation at low temperatures (0 and 15°C) and moderate elongation at 25°C.
The method and design of the device for determining the extensibility of bitumen are given in GOST 11505-75.

Viscosity

The viscosity of bitumens more fully characterizes their consistency at various application temperatures compared to empirical indicators such as penetration and softening point. It can be easily and in a shorter time measured at any required temperature for the production and use of bitumen. It is desirable that bitumen, other things being equal, should have the highest viscosity at the maximum temperature of use and have as flat a viscosity-temperature curve as possible. At temperatures below 40 °C, bitumen is similar to solid systems, at temperatures from 40 to 140 °C - structured liquids, at temperatures above 140 °C - true liquids. Bitumen behaves like a true liquid when their viscosity decreases to 102-103p.
The viscosity of bitumens is determined in Engler, Saybolt and Furol viscometers, by the falling ball method, in a Fenske capillary, on a rotational viscometer, rheoviscometer, consistometer, etc.
Road bitumens are divided into viscous and liquid.
Viscous bitumen is used as a binding material in the construction and repair of road surfaces. The bulk of such bitumen is produced in Russia in accordance with GOST 22245-90.
Liquid bitumen is designed to extend the road construction season. In accordance with GOST 11955-82, they are obtained by mixing viscous BND bitumens with distillate fractions - thinners. After laying the coating, the thinner gradually evaporates.

Rheology of bitumen

Rheology (from the Greek rheos - flow, flow), the science of deformation and fluidity of matter. Rheology considers processes associated with irreversible residual deformations and the flow of various viscous and plastic materials (non-Newtonian fluids, dispersed systems, etc.), as well as the phenomena of stress relaxation, elastic aftereffect, etc.
The rheology of bitumen has not been studied enough. The main indicators determined when studying the rheological properties of bitumen in the temperature range of preparation and laying of the mixture, as well as the operation of the coating, are the viscosity and deformation characteristics of bitumen (elastic modulus, deformation modulus, etc.). The behavior of bitumen under the influence of external deforming forces is determined by a set of mechanical properties, which include viscosity, elasticity, plasticity, fragility, fatigue, creep, and strength. Each property depends on temperature and the nature of the stressed state and is associated with intermolecular interactions and the presence of structure. Rheological properties should not change significantly when heating bitumen in bitumen boilers, preparing and laying the mixture and over a long service life.
Based on their rheological properties, bitumens are divided into three types:
1) substances, the flow of which under the influence of constant shear stress obeys Newton’s law; when the stress is removed, a state of inelastic elasticity occurs. These include viscous non-colloidal liquids, inelastic or weakly elastic sols.
2) Substances in which, under constant shear stress, the shear rate after the onset of deformation decreases and after some time becomes almost constant, when the stress is removed, the elasticity is partially restored, the colloidal state of bitumens of this type is sol-gel.
3) With constant shear stress at the beginning of deformation, the flow rate decreases to a minimum and then increases, if the applied shear stress is greater than a certain value, after the stress is removed, elasticity is restored, bitumens of this type have a gel structure.

Solubility

Most existing methods for bitumen analysis are based on differences in the solubility of their components in a number of organic solvents. For the first time, a division based on this principle was proposed by Richardson, who divided bitumens into maltenes soluble in gasoline and asphaltenes insoluble in this solvent. Subsequently, Marquon, using adsorption on Fuller's earth, separated maltenes into oils and resins. Basically, this technique has been preserved to this day, but a large number of its varieties have appeared, making it possible to obtain narrower, but less representative fractions.

Quality requirements

The use of bitumen as one of the most famous engineering and construction materials is based on its adhesive and hydrophobic properties. The scope of application of bitumen is quite wide: it is used in the production of roofing and waterproofing materials, in the rubber industry, in the paint and varnish and cable industries, in the construction of buildings and structures, etc. Roofing bitumen is used for the production of roofing materials. They are divided into impregnating and covering (respectively for impregnating the base and obtaining a coating layer). Insulating bitumens are used to insulate pipelines to protect them from corrosion.
The main consumer of bitumen is road construction (about 90%), primarily due to the fact that petroleum bitumen is the cheapest and most versatile material for use as a binder in the construction of road surfaces. The use of bitumen in road construction allows road surfaces to withstand increased static and dynamic loads over a wide temperature range while maintaining long-term viability and weather resistance.
Viscous bitumens used in road surfaces are used as a binder between stone materials. The durability of the road surface largely depends on the brand of bitumen used and its quality. During the construction and repair of roads, bitumen can be diluted with a solvent (kerosene fraction). Liquefied bitumen is divided into fast-, medium- and slow-hardening grades. For pre-treatment of surfaces, bitumen emulsions are used, which are prepared using colloid mills by adding water and emulsifiers to the bitumen. Let's take a closer look at bitumen for various purposes.

Road

The quality of road bitumen mainly determines the durability of road surfaces. The appearance of cracks on the road surface means that it has reached 85% of its service life. It has been established that the “brittleness temperature” indicator of bitumen characterizes the time before the onset of intensive cracking of the road surface, since its determination shows the most dangerous state of the road surface during sudden temperature changes in winter. The ratio of physico-chemical parameters of BND bitumen provides the road surface with the greatest shear resistance, crack resistance, long-term water and frost resistance.
The durability of the road surface largely depends on the brand of bitumen used and its quality. The requirements for the quality of road bitumen can be found in the table below.

Requirements for the quality of road bitumen (GOST 22245 - 90)

Index	BND
	200 / 300	130 / 200	90 / 130	60 / 90	40 / 60
Penetration, 0.1 mm at temperature:
25 0 C, not less	201-300	131-200	91-130	61-90	40-60
0 0 С, not less	45	35	28	20	13
Temperature, 0 C:
softening, not less	35	40	43	47	51
fragility, no higher	-20	-18	-17	-15	-12
flashes, not lower	220	220	230	230	230
Ductility, cm, at temperature:
25 0 C, not less	-	70	65	55	45
0 0 С, not less	20	6	4	3,5	-
Change in softening temperature after warming up, 0 C, no more	7	6	5	5	5
Penetration index	-1.0 to +1.0

Source: GOST 22245-90

Road bitumens are also standardized according to TU 38.1011356-91 (see table below).

Requirements for the quality of road bitumen (TU 38.1011356-91)

Index	NOS
	130 / 200	100 / 130	70 / 100	50 / 70
Penetration at 25 0 C	131-200	101-130	71-100	51-70
T, 0 C, not lower
softening	40	43	47	51
flashes	220	230	230	230
	100	100	100	100
After warming up
weight change, %, no more	0,3	0,3	0,3	0,3
	50	65	65	60
Ductility at 25 0 C, cm, not less	100	100	100	65
Brittleness temperature, 0 C, not higher	-20	-17	-15	-12

Source: TU 38.1011356-91

Bitumen standardized according to specifications are characterized by significantly greater ductility (at least 100 cm), i.e. greater elasticity, and the fact that the values ​​of the same indicators after warming up are entered into the specifications.

Building

Construction grade bitumen BN, used for waterproofing building foundations, is characterized by low penetration and ductility and a high softening point (from 37 to 105 0C), i.e. they are refractory and hard. Construction bitumen is standardized according to GOST 6617 - 76 (see table below).

Requirements for the quality of construction bitumen (GOST 6617 - 76)

Index	BN
	50 / 50	70 / 30	90 / 10
	41-60	21-40	5-20
T, 0 C
softening	50-60	70-80	90-105
flashes	230	240	240
Ductility at 25 0 C, cm, not less	4	3	1

Source: GOST 6617-76

Roofing

Approximately the same quality indicators have been established for NBR roofing bitumens, but their brittleness temperature is also standardized. They are used as impregnating materials (for producing roofing felt and roofing felt) and for covering roofs.

Requirements for the quality of roofing bitumen (GOST 9548 - 74)

Index	BNK
	40 / 180	45 / 190	90 / 30
Penetration at 25 0 C, 0.1 mm	160 - 210	160 - 220	25 - 35
T, 0 C:
softening	37 - 44	40 - 50	80 - 95
fragility, no higher	-	-	-10
After warming up:
weight change, %, no more	0,8	0,8	0,5
penetration at 25 0 C, % of initial, not less	60	60	70
Note.For everyone: flash point - not lower than 240 0C; for BNK 45/190 paraffin content is no more than 5% wt.

Bitumen has been used for various purposes since ancient times and to this day is one of the most common materials for construction. Long before our era, such famous cities as Babylon and Assyria used it for construction purposes. It perfectly performs the function of both a cementitious and waterproof base.

Types of road bitumen

This building material can be divided into several separate groups according to properties and technical characteristics. All parameters can be determined only after studying the organic composition of the material. Tar bitumen acts as a separate group, since all varieties of pitch and tar can be classified into this broad group.

There are the following bitumen options:

1. Natural bitumen. This substance can be found in both liquid and solidified configurations, but all these varieties remain in the same group. GOST defines natural petroleum road bitumen as consisting of organic components, as well as their derivatives, which are classified as a non-metallic type of chemical compounds. Such a substance appears only after oil is treated with oxidizing polymers exclusively under natural conditions and after a large amount of time. Usually natural bitumen can be found in large quantities only in places where large oil deposits have been diagnosed and identified. This material can be compared to asphalt; it is stored in the form of specific small swamps. Typically, natural petroleum road bitumen, defined by GOST, is very rare, and is mainly found where there is a large amount of rock.
2. Asphalt powder. This is a substance that is buried only in rocks and has the appearance of limestone when found. When further processing of the substance occurs, it is extracted, and then the same actions are performed with it as with asphalt powder.

Other types of bitumen

1. Artificial bitumen. It is often called petroleum, since this material can only be obtained through oil refining. The technology that works in the production of bitumen involves several types of this type: oxidized, residual, cracked.
2. Tar bitumen. Its original location can be determined in fuel oil. This type can be obtained only by squeezing out some oil fractions from this substance. Tar oil road bitumen most often acts as an excellent binding element; it also helps to extract all other varieties of this building material.

Main types of bitumen

• BN-50/50. It can be softened only after reaching a temperature of 50 degrees, which is not an overestimated or difficult indicator. It has excellent adhesion, which is appreciated by all repair and construction teams involved in road laying. If you leave this material on a flat surface, it will gradually spread, that is, float, which makes it possible to guarantee an even and uniform layer.
• BN-70/30. In order for this substance to begin to soften, it is necessary to bring its temperature to 70-72 degrees, depending on the composition of the specific chemical compound. It adheres well to the surface, that is, it provides a high adhesion rate. Typically this material is used to create waterproofing, that is, as the bottom or top layer of the road. It should be remembered that this material is prone to chipping, but if it breaks, large pieces will form without additional dust or small elements.
• BN-90/10. A rather complex material that requires at least 90 degrees to melt. Provides excellent adhesion, and in finished form is practically insensitive even to relatively high temperatures. It is quite difficult to break it, but when applying a load similar to blows with a hammer, you can expect it to crumble into fragments, the surface of which has the ability to shine.

Areas of application

Viscous petroleum road bitumen is an almost universal building material, therefore, in addition to the hydraulic engineering and industrial spheres mixed with commerce, this substance is often used in road construction. Typically, bitumen is used not only for laying and building roads, but also for their repair, so the need for such material practically never dries up.

Important differences from other materials

Petroleum road bitumen consists of an organic binder and rubber, which can be replaced by a certain polymer. This composition makes it possible to improve the quality and wear resistance of products made from bitumen or items with its addition, as well as ensure compliance with the standards of modern technologies in construction.

Bitumen composition

Typically, petroleum road bitumen has a simple composition, since it contains approximately the same components, mixed in slightly different proportions. The largest part is occupied by carbons, since there are about 75-80% of them in this substance. Hydrogen occupies a significant, but still not the first position, since its volume is about 10-15% of the total composition. This is how the share of the volatile part of oil road bitumen is determined. Sulfur is usually present, but its amount never exceeds 10% if the composition of the bitumen complies with basic standards. Oxygen takes up only 5%, but is an important element. If you compare the structure of bitumen with the colloidal system, you can find many common features. Asphaltenes are completely dispersed in a specially created medium consisting of a mixture of oil and water.

Features of the composition

The elements listed above are always included in the composition of liquid petroleum road bitumen. GOST defines several important properties and characteristics of this building material. To increase the hardness of bitumen, it is enough to add more asphaltenes to the mixture together with the resin. It should be remembered that an increase in these parameters entails an increase in density and an increase in temperature at which even minimal melting of a particular material is possible.

Features of bitumen

When petroleum road bitumens are considered, the technical characteristics provide for a high content of various substances of an oily nature. This element liquefies more strongly and becomes soft in all respects. It can be easily melted using even a lower temperature than indicated in the characteristics of a particular brand, which includes petroleum road bitumen. GOST 22245-90 determines that the oil content together with resin in bitumen must be adjusted to an average level. If this parameter is neglected or correction is not possible, one should expect that the material will become less durable and will melt better.

Determination of technical characteristics

It should be remembered that the degree of viscosity can be determined by the minimum temperature at which bitumen melts. If you increase the temperature, the viscosity will increase almost immediately. When the degrees decrease, the material hardens noticeably and becomes less plastic. If the temperature drops to zero or sub-zero levels are observed, GOST defines viscous petroleum road bitumen as having possible fragility, therefore, when choosing a material for road production, special care should be taken.

Main advantages

Bitumen has one important and largely positive property. It is not able to dissolve in water. It should be taken into account that GOST defines petroleum road liquid bitumens as subject to complete or partial dissolution in substances of an acidic nature. Also, bitumen does not have a high heat capacity, so it is not suitable for insulation. As an insulating material, it is used only to isolate the structure from moisture. If we take into account the certificate of conformity, petroleum road bitumen must have a consistency with a density of at least 1.5 g/cm3. When the total mass of bitumen is calculated, per 1 liter of the substance a density value of 1 kg/m3 is acceptable. This fact predetermines the characteristics of viscous petroleum road bitumens.

GOST stipulates that bitumen has a wide range of positive features and important properties. High-quality bitumen must be hydrophobic, not dissolve in liquid if there are no chemical reagents in it, soften and become more viscous when the ambient temperature changes. Among binding materials in the construction industry, petroleum road bitumen occupies an undeniable first place. If you choose a high-quality type, you can use it with maximum efficiency for the construction of massive roads, as well as their repair, providing a long-lasting positive result.

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OIL ROAD VISCOUS BITUMENS

Specifications

GOST
22245-90

IPC PUBLISHING HOUSE OF STANDARDS

Moscow

1996

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

Date of introduction 01.01.91

This standard applies to viscous road petroleum bitumen intended as a binding material for the construction and repair of road and airfield pavements. Mandatory requirements for the quality of petroleum road viscous bitumen are set out in paragraph 5.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Viscous petroleum road bitumen is produced by oxidation of products of direct distillation of oil and selective separation of petroleum products (deasphalting asphalts, selective purification extracts), as well as by compounding the indicated oxidized and non-oxidized products or in the form of a residue of direct distillation of oil in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved in in the prescribed manner. It is allowed to use the cracking residue as a component of the oxidation feedstock.

1.2. Characteristics

1.2.1. Depending on the depth of needle penetration at 25 °C, viscous road petroleum bitumen is produced in the following grades: BND 200/300, BND 130/200, BND 90/130, BND 60/90, BND 40/60, BN 200/300, BN 130 /200, BN 90/130, BN 60/90.

The scope of application of bitumen in road construction is in accordance with.

at 0 °C, not less

2. Softening temperature along the ring and ball, °C, not lower

3. Extensibility, cm, not less

4. Brittleness temperature, °C, not higher

-1.0 to +1.0

-1.5 to + 1.0

8.(Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.2.2. In terms of physical and chemical indicators, bitumens must comply with the requirements and standards specified in.

1.2.3. Safety requirements

1.2.3.1. Viscous road petroleum bitumens are flammable substances with a flash point above 220 °C and a minimum auto-ignition temperature of 368 °C according to GOST 12.1.044-89.

1.2.3.2. The maximum permissible concentration of bitumen hydrocarbon vapors in the air of the working area is 300 mg/m 3 - in accordance with GOST 12.1.005. The content of hydrocarbon vapors in the air is determined according to GOST 12.1.014-84.

1.2.3.1, 1.2.3.2. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1) .

1.2.3.3. Bitumen are low-hazard substances and, in terms of the degree of impact on the human body, belong to the 4th hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007.

1.2.3.4. When working with bitumen, personal protective equipment should be used in accordance with standard industry standards approved in accordance with the established procedure.

1.2.3.5. The room in which bitumen is worked must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation.

1.2.3.6. If small amounts of bitumen catch fire, it should be extinguished with sand, felt felt or a foam fire extinguisher. Developed bitumen fires should be extinguished with a foam jet.

1.3. Nature protection requirements

1.3.1. Effective measures to protect the natural environment include sealing equipment and preventing bitumen spills.

1.3.2. Waste from bitumen production (oxidation gases) is neutralized by combustion in an afterburner.

2. ACCEPTANCE

2.1. Viscous road petroleum bitumen is accepted in batches.

A batch is considered to be any quantity of bitumen that is uniform in terms of quality and accompanied by one quality document.

2.2. Sample size - according to GOST 2517.

2.3. If unsatisfactory test results are obtained for at least one of the indicators, repeated tests are carried out on a newly selected sample taken from the same batch.

The results of repeated tests apply to the entire batch.

2.4. Extensibility at 0° The manufacturer determines C and the change in softening temperature after heating periodically at least once every 10 days, and the flash point at least once a month.

2.5. If unsatisfactory results of periodic tests are received, the manufacturer transfers the tests for this indicator to the acceptance category until positive results are obtained for at least three batches in a row.

3. CONTROL METHODS

3.1. Samples of viscous road bitumen - according to GOST 2517. The mass of the combined sample of each grade of bitumen must be at least 0.5 kg.

4. MARKING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

4.1. Marking, transportation and storage of bitumen - according to GOST 1510.

4.2. Viscous road bitumen belongs to the 9th transport hazard class according to GOST 19433-88 (subclass 9.1, category 9.13, classification code 9133).

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

5. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY

5.1. The manufacturer guarantees that the quality of bitumen meets the requirements of this standard subject to the conditions of transportation and storage.

The production technology guarantees the adhesion of bitumen grades BND with reference marble according to sample No. 2 according to GOST 11508-74 using method A.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

5.2. The guaranteed shelf life of bitumen is one year from the date of manufacture.

ANNEX 1

FIELD OF APPLICATION OF BITUMENS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Table 2

Road climate zone	Average monthly temperatures of the coldest time of the year,°C	Brand of bitumen.
	Not higher - 20	BND 90/130, BND 130/200, BND 200/300
II and III	From - 10 to - 20	BND 60/90, BND 90/130, BND 130/200, BND 200/300
II, III, IV	From - 5 to - 10	BND 40/60, BND 60/90, BND 90/130, BND 130/200, BN 90/130, BN 130/200, BN 200/300
IV and V	Not lower than + 5	BND 40/60, BND 60/90, BND 90/130, BN 60/90, BN 90/130

APPENDIX 2

Table for determining the bitumen penetration index

Table 3

Softening temperature

Softening temperature ° WITH

Penetration index at needle penetration depth at 25 °C

Softening temperature

Penetration index at needle penetration depth at 25 °C

0.5 x axis, where the brittleness temperature is found minus 19 ° WITH. INFORMATION DATA 1. DESIGNED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Chemical and oil refining industry of the USSR DEVELOPERS V. V. Fryazinov, Ph.D. tech. sciences; I. I. Sherysheva; S.L.Alexandrova, Ph.D. chem. sciences; I, A. Chernobrivenko, T. P. Kamalova; V. M. Yumashev, Ph.D. tech. sciences; I. A. Plotnikova, Ph.D. tech. sciences; L. M. Gokhman, Ph.D. tech. sciences; E. M. Gurariy, Ph.D. tech. sciences; A. R. Davydova, Ph.D. tech. sciences 2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated 02.12.90 No. 191 3. INSTEAD GOST 22245-76 4. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS 6. The validity period was lifted by decision of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94) 7. REISSUE with Change No. 1, approved in October 1995 (IUS 9-96)