Russian archaeologists have unearthed many amazing finds that help to better understand the history of the country and humanity. We remember the 7 biggest sensations of Russian archeology.

Princess Ukok

An amazing discovery by archaeologists in the Altai Mountains, on the Ukok plateau, which thundered not only throughout Russia, but became famous throughout the world. In 1993, Novosibirsk archaeologists found the burial of a woman there, dating back to the 5th-3rd centuries BC. Due to the climate of this place, as well as the depth of the burial, the grave was covered with ice, which means it was preserved from decomposition.
For several days, trying not to damage the burial, archaeologists melted the ice. Six horses with saddles and harnesses, a larch block with bronze nails were found in the burial chamber. The mummy of a young girl (she was about 25 years old at the time of death) was well preserved. She wore a wig and a silk shirt, a woolen skirt, felt socks and a fur coat. Scientists argue whether she was a noble person or whether she belonged to the middle layer of Pazyryk society.
The indigenous Altai people believe that the floods and earthquakes on their land are connected with the fact that the “princess” was moved to the museum, and demand that she be returned to the Ukok plateau. In the meantime, the amazing exhibit can be seen in the Gorno-Altaisk Museum, where an extension and a sarcophagus were specially created for it, maintaining temperature and humidity conditions.

Birch bark letters

It took a long time to get to this discovery: it was known from chronicles that in Rus' they wrote on birch bark; archaeologists sometimes found tools with which they wrote, but assumed that they were hairpins or nails. They were looking for birch bark documents near Novgorod, but the Great Patriotic War began, and the search stopped. Only in 1951, at the Nerevsky excavation site, “Birch bark letter No. 1” was finally discovered. To date, more than a thousand birch bark letters and even one birch bark icon have been found. Residents of Novgorod find them when laying communications, and a fragment of “Certificate No. 612” was found by a native of Novgorod, Chelnokov, in his own flower pot when transplanting flowers!
Now letters are known from various places in Russia, as well as Belarus and Ukraine. These are official documents, lists, educational exercises, drawings, personal notes containing a wide variety of vocabulary - from love to obscenity.

Scythian gold

On the vast territory between the Danube and Don there are many mounds. They remained here from the Scythian tribe, and each mound is “gold-bearing”, because only the Scythians put so much gold in the burial places of both the nobility and ordinary people. For the Scythians, gold was a symbol of life after death, and therefore it was placed in all mounds and in a variety of forms. Raids on Scythian mounds began in the Middle Ages, but even now archaeologists are finding treasures in them. In one of the mounds they found the burial of a female warrior with weapons and gold beads, in another - a bronze panel depicting the battle of the Greeks with the Amazons, in the third - a diadem made of sheet gold... The collections of the Hermitage and other famous museums are filled with hundreds of kilograms of Scythian gold jewelry.

Unknown type of person

On March 24, 2010, the journal Nature published a sensational article about the “Denisovo man,” whose remains were found in the Denisova Cave, located in the valley of the Anui River in Altai. The bone of the last phalanx of a child's finger, three huge molars belonging to a young man, and a phalanx of a toe were found in the cave. The researchers conducted a DNA analysis and found that the bone remains date back to 40 thousand years ago. Moreover, “Denisovan man” turned out to be an extinct type of person, whose genome is significantly different from ours. The evolutionary divergence of such a person and a Neanderthal occurred about 640 thousand years ago. Later these people became extinct or partially mixed with Homo sapiens. In the cave itself, archaeologists uncovered 22 layers corresponding to different cultural eras. Now any tourist can get into this cave.

White Sea labyrinths

There are labyrinths in all parts of the world among peoples at different stages of development. In Russia, the most famous labyrinths are located near the White Sea: there are about forty of them there, more than thirty of them are on the Solovetsky Islands of the Arkhangelsk region. All northern labyrinths are made of medium-sized stones, have an oval shape in plan, and inside there are intricate passages leading to the center. Until now, no one knows the exact purpose of labyrinths, especially since there is more than one type of them. But most often archaeologists associate them with the cult of the dead and funeral rites. This theory is supported by the fact that on the large Zayatsky Island, under the stone heaps of the labyrinth, archaeologists discovered burnt human bones and stone tools. There is an assumption that the ancient people who lived by the sea believed that the soul of a deceased person was transported across the water to another island, and it should not return back. The labyrinth served this purpose: the soul “wandered” in it and returned back to the kingdom of the dead. Perhaps labyrinths were also used in initiation rites. Unfortunately, the study of labyrinths is difficult, because by excavating the labyrinth, the archaeologist destroys the monument itself.

Recently, archaeologists discovered the remains of ancient people of gigantic stature in the Kuban. They were buried about 4 thousand years ago... We talk about the phenomenon of giant people who lived in the Caucasus and other anomalous phenomena with Vadim Chernobrov, coordinator of the scientific research public association "Cosmopoisk". “Tomb of the Giants” - What other anomalous phenomena did this year mark? - Firstly, our expedition visited a man who was struck by ball lightning 5 times. He lives in the Krasnodar region, in Ust-Labinsk. We went to see him immediately after the fifth lightning “attack”. They took the T-shirt he was wearing at the time of the impact. It is burned through, the edges of the hole are melted,
and we hope that fragments of the substance that makes up ball lightning remain there. We are going to study it in the laboratory.

Secondly,
we were in Ingushetia, where after a mountain collapse a cave opened up, which
Locals call it the cave of the genies. I must say that for many
Muslims are very real entities, they believe in them. To this cave
they are afraid to come at night: people there begin to behave inappropriately,
for some reason they take off their pants, feel suspended by their legs, etc. Immediately
after the rock collapsed, riot police visited this place, climbed inside,
but they suddenly became afraid. They got out and threw grenades into the cave. TO
Unfortunately (or fortunately), we no longer found the genies in the cave (laughs).

- You several years ago
discovered a “grave of giants” in the Caucasus. Were you able to explore it? How
since recently there was a message that in the Kuban archaeologists stumbled upon
burials of very tall people.

In the Caucasus, legends about giant people
distributed everywhere. They are called Narts, there are legends about them
almost all the peoples of the North Caucasus.

That grave that we found several years ago
back, is an artificial mound. When looking at
There is no doubt in his mind that this is the grave of a gigantic creature.
The dimensions of the stepped pyramidal mound are comparable to those of Egypt
pyramids, the platform alone at the top is 80 meters long.
It is oriented strictly along the east-west line, which is typical for
many ancient burials. Previously, we probed the hill with a geolocator.
The device showed that there were “foreign” inclusions in the depths. Excavations
have not yet been held, but this year they were not needed: we were invited
to a similar place where a mudflow opened up a stone-lined underground
cavity. This is in Kabardino-Balkaria, near the Georgian border. We
climbed down into the cavity using a rope and found many skulls and
bones. These are not the remains of giants, but definitely the skulls belonged to
very tall people. This means that Caucasian legends about giant ancestors are not
are baseless.

Russian scientists have found the remains of giant people in the Caucasus

The Caucasus has something to be famous for, except
their strict traditions. For the first time in world history, Russian scientists
science managed to discover what was only previously assumed in known
archaeological laboratories. We are talking about giant people.

Giant people
still existed, and direct evidence of this is the skeletons,
found in the Meshoko cave. A huge burial was discovered by local
population, which was immediately reported to the authorities. Archaeologists arrived
to the place of discovery, they confirmed that the bones indeed belonged to
Homo Sapiens. Previously, the entrance to the cave was blocked by rocks, but
a recent mountain collapse revealed to humanity a large archaeological
riddle.

On March 29, experts cleared up the remains of the giants a little and already said
their exact height. Its indicators range from 3.5 to 4 meters. But this is still
Not all! The corresponding growth also suggested the presence of a huge cranial
boxes. This means that giant people could have been much smarter
Einstein and more capable than Leonardo da Vinci.

When the jaws of giant people were examined, it was discovered
A unique phenomenon for humanity - two rows of upper and lower teeth.
Of course, this is physiologically impossible in the mouth of a modern person,
Therefore, giant people had a sloping chin, which made it possible to fit
all the teeth in the mouth. At the same time, the skull of a giant man has a height of 43.5
up to 55.7 cm.

Archaeologists cannot yet provide more detailed comments. Skeletons
are now clearing the land and heading to Krasnodarsky’s laboratory
the edges. As WellNews.ru correspondents were told, the find
US scientists became interested. Perhaps some of the skeletons will be transported
for research in the American state.

http://nashaplaneta.su/blog/obnaruzhili_na_kavkaze_mogilu_gigantov/2014-11-17-54953

Original taken from terrao “Tomb of giants” discovered in the Caucasus

Before the flood people were giants

3.02.2012 02:40

There is irrefutable evidence that giant people lived on Earth. Archaeological finds from different years found all over the world confirm this fact.

Historical chronicles of the 19th century often report the discovery of skeletons of abnormally tall people in different parts of the globe.

In 1821, in the US state of Tennessee, the ruins of an ancient stone wall were found, and under it were two human skeletons 215 centimeters tall. In Wisconsin, during the construction of a granary in 1879, huge vertebrae and skull bones of “incredible thickness and size” were found, according to a newspaper article.

In 1883, several burial mounds were discovered in Utah containing the burials of very tall people - 195 centimeters, which is at least 30 centimeters higher than the average height of Aboriginal Indians. The latter did not make these burials and could not provide any information about them. In 1885, in Gasterville (Pennsylvania), a stone crypt was discovered in a large burial mound, in which there was a skeleton 215 centimeters high. Primitive images of people, birds and animals were carved on the walls of the crypt.

In 1890, in Egypt, archaeologists found a stone sarcophagus with a clay coffin inside, which contained the mummies of a two-meter red-haired woman and a baby. The facial features and build of the mummies were sharply different from the ancient Egyptians. Similar mummies of a man and a woman with red hair were discovered in 1912 in Lovelock (Nevada) in a cave carved into the rock. The height of the mummified woman during life was two meters, and the man - about three meters.

Australian finds

In 1930, near Basarst in Australia, prospectors mining jasper often found fossilized imprints of huge human feet. Anthropologists called the race of giant people, whose remains were found in Australia, megantropus. The height of these people ranged from 210 to 365 centimeters. Megantropus are similar to Gigantopithecus, the remains of which were discovered in China. Judging by the found fragments of jaws and many teeth, the height of the Chinese giants was 3 to 3.5 meters, and their weight was 400 kilograms. Near Basarst, in river sediments, there were stone artifacts of enormous weight and size - clubs , plows, chisels, knives and axes. Modern Homo sapiens would hardly be able to work with tools weighing from 4 to 9 kilograms.

An anthropological expedition that specifically explored this area in 1985 for the presence of remains of Meganthropus, carried out excavations at a depth of up to three meters from the surface of the earth. Australian researchers found, among other things, a fossilized molar tooth 67 millimeters high and 42 millimeters wide. The owner of the tooth had to be at least 7.5 meters tall and weigh 370 kilograms! Hydrocarbon analysis determined the age of the finds to be nine million years.

In 1971, in Queensland, farmer Stephen Walker, while plowing his field, came across a large fragment of a jaw with teeth five centimeters high. In 1979, in Megalong Valley in the Blue Mountains, local residents found a huge stone sticking out above the surface of a stream, on which could be seen the imprint of part of a huge foot with five toes. The transverse size of the fingers was 17 centimeters. If the print had been preserved in its entirety, it would have been 60 centimeters long. It follows that the print was left by a man six meters tall. Near Malgoa, three huge footprints were found, 60 centimeters long and 17 centimeters wide. The giant's stride length was measured at 130 centimeters. The footprints were preserved in fossilized lava for millions of years, even before Homo sapiens appeared on the Australian continent (if the theory of evolution is correct). Huge footprints are also found in the limestone bed of the Upper Macleay River. The fingerprints of these footprints are 10 centimeters long and the width of the foot is 25 centimeters. Obviously, the Aborigines of Australia were not the first inhabitants of the continent. Interestingly, their folklore contains legends about giant people who once lived in these territories.

Other evidence of giants

In one of the old books entitled History and Antiquity, now kept in the library of Oxford University, there is an account of the discovery of a gigantic skeleton made in the Middle Ages in Cumberland. “The giant is buried four yards deep in the ground and is in full military garb. His sword and battle ax rest next to him. The skeleton is 4.5 yards (4 meters) long, and the "big man's" teeth measure 6.5 inches (17 centimeters)."

In 1877, near Ewreka, Nevada, prospectors were panning for gold in a deserted hilly area. One of the workers accidentally noticed something sticking out over the cliff ledge. People climbed the rock and were surprised to find human bones of the foot and lower leg along with the kneecap. The bone was immured in the rock, and the miners used picks to free it from the rock. Assessing the unusualness of the find, the workers brought it to Evreka. The stone in which the rest of the leg was embedded was quartzite, and the bones themselves turned black, which indicated their considerable age. The leg was broken above the knee and consisted of the knee joint and completely preserved bones of the lower leg and foot. Several doctors examined the bones and concluded that the leg undoubtedly belonged to a person. But the most intriguing aspect of the find was the size of the leg - 97 centimeters from knee to foot. The owner of this limb during his lifetime had a height of 3 meters 60 centimeters.

Even more mysterious was the age of the quartzite in which the fossil was found - 185 million years, the era of dinosaurs. Local newspapers vied with each other to report the sensation. One of the museums sent researchers to the site in hopes of finding the remaining parts of the skeleton. But, unfortunately, nothing more was discovered.

In 1936, German paleontologist and anthropologist Larson Kohl found the skeletons of giant people on the shores of Lake Elizi in Central Africa. The 12 men buried in the mass grave had heights from 350 to 375 centimeters during their lifetime. It is curious that their skulls had sloping chins and two rows of upper and lower teeth.

There is evidence that during the Second World War in Poland, during the burial of those executed, a fossilized skull 55 centimeters high was found, that is, almost three times larger than that of a modern adult. The giant to whom the skull belonged had very proportional features and a height of at least 3.5 meters

Giant Skulls

Ivan T. Sanderson, a famous zoologist and frequent guest on the popular American show “Tonight” in the 60s, once shared with the public an interesting story about a letter he received from a certain Alan McShir. The author of the letter in 1950 worked as a bulldozer operator on the construction of a road in Alaska. He reported that workers discovered two huge fossilized skulls, vertebrae and leg bones in one of the burial mounds. The height of the skulls reached 58 cm and the width 30 centimeters. The ancient giants had a double row of teeth and disproportionately flat heads. Each skull had a neat round hole in the upper part. It should be noted that the custom of deforming the skulls of infants in order to force their heads to acquire an elongated shape as they grew, existed among some Indian tribes of North America. The vertebrae, as well as the skulls, were three times larger than those of modern humans. The length of the shin bones ranged from 150 to 180 centimeters.

In South Africa, in diamond mining in 1950, a fragment of a huge skull 45 centimeters high was discovered. Above the brow ridges were two strange protrusions that resembled small horns. Anthropologists who came into possession of the find determined the age of the skull - about nine million years.

There is reliable evidence of the discovery of huge skulls in Southeast Asia and the islands of Oceania.

At the beginning of the 16th century, one discovery made the entire French kingdom talk about itself: a complete skeleton of a man of gigantic stature who lived in a very specific era was found. This was the king of the Cimbri, one of the two tribes that attacked Gaul and was defeated by the Roman general Marius. Nicolas Habicot published in 1613 “A Dissertation on the Frame of the Giant Teutobochus, King of the Cimbri.” This skeleton was indeed impressive because it belonged to a man 25 feet tall. The discovery, which was considered genuine, was talked about for a long time, and the supposed skeleton of “Teutobochus” occupied its rightful place in the Natural History Museum for several generations. This was believed even in the 19th century, but Cuvier, approaching his research more carefully, discovered a cunning hoax. The famous skeleton, submitted in September 1842 for consideration to the Academy of Sciences, turned out to be composed of real fossil bones, but these were not human bones at all: these were the bones of ... a mastodon, that is, a type of prehistoric giant elephant that disappeared even before the appearance of mammoths. This means that the clever “handicraftsman” simply figured out how to give the bones a “standing” position, so that the height and posture of the skeleton resembled that of a person.

It is also usually noted that the presence of giant monuments does not at all speak in favor of the actual existence of giants. Pyramids and megaliths are, of course, impressive, but there is no reason to claim that their creators were of gigantic stature. In the end, the cathedral in Strasbourg is also a huge building, but nevertheless, it was built by people of quite normal sizes, they simply owned perfect technology.

And yet there are some very intriguing archaeological discoveries. Archaeologist Burkhalter, during excavations in Moravia, discovered a stone tool whose dimensions exceeded three by four meters and weighed three or four pounds! This, quite obviously, was a used tool, and not at all a symbolic item of household utensils; it is clear that the presence of a votive ax would no more prove the existence of giants than the discovery of huge statues in an ancient temple. But there is much better evidence: an entire city was found in Tiaguanaco, built for people whose normal height was gigantic - three or four meters.

Let us give the floor to our friend Marcel Moreau: “Humanity keeps in its atavistic memory the memories of these giants of the highest intelligence, descended from the gods, giants who guided and taught people. Humanity remembers a paradise lost from the very beginning, an initial high initiation followed by a fall.”

From time to time, as a result of archaeological excavations, scientists discover the remains of people who during their lifetime were more than 5 m tall. The data is leaked to the press, but scientists make no statements. Some argue that these are indisputable facts that have been confirmed by archaeologists around the world. Others call it a giant hoax.

http://redkidz.ru/

Finds from past centuries

Today in the archives you can find a sufficient amount of evidence from previous years about excavations around the world, the results of which were the discovery of unrealistically large remains of the ancient population of the planet. Leading scientists prefer to maintain a thoughtful silence, not wanting to participate in discussions imposed by the media. Could this be true? Or are there carefully developed falsifications taking place here?

http://school2014.ru

At the beginning of the 19th century, in the American state of Tennessee, scientists discovered 2 ancient skeletons 2m 15cm tall. At the end of the century, burial mounds were excavated, where burials of ancient people more than 2 m tall were discovered. Soon after this, German archaeologists discovered skeletons of ancient inhabitants almost 2m 50cm high. In addition, there were excavations in Egypt, but the finds had no signs of belonging to the ancient race of Egyptians - the discovered remains belonged to people of a different race, who during their lifetime had a height of 2 to 3 m.

In the 20th century in Australia, during excavations, giant skeletons were found, the height of which ranged from 2m 10cm to 3m 70cm. In China, scientists found fragments of skeletons, thanks to which scientists were able to determine the height of ancient people - approximately 3-3.5 m. In addition, various objects whose weight exceeded 5 kg were discovered. A modern inhabitant of the planet could hardly use a baton weighing 9 kg!

In addition to the finds of giant skeletons, there is numerous documentary evidence of the existence of giant people. The Bible is rich in such information; legends and fairy tales of peoples and nationalities of different developments from all over the world are replete with them.

Finds of the 21st century

Not only past centuries are rich in such finds. At the beginning of the new millennium, excavations were carried out in the Ella Valley, which made it possible to discover the skeleton. According to preliminary calculations, during his lifetime the height of the ancient giant was 4 m, and he lived more than 3 thousand years ago. A few years later, in the Gobi Desert, the British unearthed remains, thanks to which the maximum height of the giant was recorded - 15m. The earth in which this find was discovered was 45 million years old.

Fact or Fiction

In France in the 16th century, a giant skeleton was found, which by definition belonged to the legendary king of antiquity. A certain scientist Nicolas Abiko wrote a dissertation based on his research. Eyewitness accounts confirm the enormous impression that these remains made on the royal court and ordinary citizens. The skeleton was installed in the National Museum of Natural History and attracted visitors and scientists for several hundred years.

One of the learned men, Cuvier decided to study this find more carefully than his predecessors. Soon after the start of serious research, a grandiose hoax was revealed. In the mid-19th century, the Academy of Sciences had to admit that the known skeleton was composed of the bones of a prehistoric predecessor of modern elephants, which inhabited our planet even before the emergence of mammoths. The bones were collected and mounted in such a way as to resemble a person.

http://svarogkovka.ru/

Conclusion

Quite often, publications appear exposing the latest photographs of such sensations. But what to do with artifacts that are household items and kitchen utensils of quite large sizes and weighing 5 kilograms or more. Archaeological excavations of ancient people make it possible to find buildings and cities that were built with the expectation of housing people about 3 m high.

Archeology is an incredibly interesting science and allows researchers of the past to look through the depths of centuries and try to understand how the life of ancient communities was structured.
Numerous archaeological finds of scientists, exhibited in all major world museums, annually attract hundreds of thousands of visitors who want to get a little touch of ancient history.
But some finds are simply unique due to their ancient age. Many of them were discovered at archaeological sites, while others were found completely by accident.

1. Zircon crystal (4.4 Billion years)

Zircon is a mineral of the island silicates subgroup, and this pebble in the photo is currently the oldest material discovered on the planet. Scientists date the crystal's formation to approximately 4.4 billion years ago.
The mineral was discovered in 2001 in an arid region north of Perth, Australia.

This translucent red crystal changes color to blue when bombarded with electrons, and its length is only 400 microns - for comparison, that's about the thickness of four human hairs stacked together.
Scientists suggest that the found crystal will help to better understand how our planet was formed, because the Earth is 4.5 billion years old, and the crystal was formed only 100 million years later.

2. Prosthetic toe (3000 years old)

A wooden toe found on the foot of a mummy more than 3,000 years old is considered the oldest prosthetic on the planet. Scientists from the University of Manchester created a copy of the prosthesis and asked a volunteer with a missing finger to wear it for a while, shod in the sandals that people wore in Ancient Egypt.
It turned out that the item actually serves as a practical walking aid, and not just a cosmetic replacement for a finger.

3. Ancient utility knife (1800 years old)

Was the first Swiss knife invented 1800 years ago? But this may well be true. At the very least, this versatile tool is strikingly similar to its more modern cousin and served at least six useful functions.
But this knife is not a Swiss knife, it was created by a blacksmith in the Roman Empire around 200 AD.

Using a double-edged blade, ancient gourmets most likely opened shells with oysters, and uncorked bottles with sauces with a hook. The tool also includes a spoon, fork, knife and toothpick. And all these devices easily and compactly fold into a handle, like a modern Swiss knife. The tool was found by archaeologists in the Mediterranean in the early 90s, and predates the Swiss knife, invented in 1897, by almost 1,800 years.

4. Marijuana stash (2,700 years old)

The world's oldest cache of marijuana, weighing 900 grams, was discovered in an ancient tomb more than 2,700 years old in the Gobi Desert in 2008.

A series of tests carried out by researchers proved that the drug has not yet lost its powerful psychotropic properties and cast doubt on the theory that ancient people grew hemp only for the production of clothing, rope and other household items.

The cache was discovered by archaeologists in a wooden vessel, in a leather basket near the head of a man who died at the age of about 45, and was presumably a shaman of the tribe. In the grave, researchers did not find objects intended for smoking, and scientists concluded that ancient “weed” lovers injected the drug into the body orally, or fumigated it like a censer.

5. Stone tools (3.3 million years)

In the photograph, the stone looks inconspicuous and looks like an ordinary piece of rock. But in fact, the shredded cobblestone is one of the most sensational archaeological finds. This is one of the oldest stone tools ever found, created 500,000 years before the advent of Homo habilis, who scientists believe was the first to use tools.

Archaeologists have found an ancient tool near Lake Turkana, in Kenya. A huge number of historical artifacts have already been discovered in this area, helping to better understand the history of the origin and evolution of humanity.

The tool was made using the passive hammering method, where a stone blank is struck against a harder surface, and was most likely created by an early human ancestor, Australopithecus, which first appeared in Africa about 4 million years ago.

6Ancient Dildo (28,000 Years Old)

German archaeologists in 2005, in the Hohle fels cave near the ancient city of Ulm, discovered the world's oldest artificial 20-centimeter phallus, carefully made and polished from siltstone.

The stone penis was made almost 28,000 years ago and was found by a team of scientists from the University of Tübingen. Professor Nicholas Conard suggested that, judging by the fact that the instrument was polished to an almost high shine, it was very actively used at one time.

7. DNA Sample (150,000 Years)

About 150,000 years ago, an ancient Neanderthal fell to his death in a cave near the modern city of Altamura in southern Italy. In 1993, speleologists discovered his remains and reported the discovery to archaeologists.

But it was not possible to remove the skull and bones, since over tens of thousands of years, under the influence of moisture, they had literally grown into the rocks and were under a layer of calcite.

For more than 20 years, the remains lay untouched, and only in 2015 did researchers finally manage to extract a fragment of the bone of the right shoulder blade. The material was sent to the laboratory and the result of the study confirmed that the remains belong to “Homo neanderthalensis” - Neanderthal man. Scientists hope that by studying strands of DNA sequentially, they will learn much more about the evolution of humanity.

8. The oldest song (3,400 years old)

Clay tablets containing cuneiform characters of the ancient Hurrian language were excavated in the early 1950s near the ancient Syrian city of Ugarit (modern name Ras Shamra). Scientists deciphered the cuneiform and realized that in front of them was the text of a hymn, which is currently the oldest known piece of music.

In 1972, after 15 years of studying the artifact, Assyriology professor Anne Kilmer, of the University of California, was able to create an audio track of the ancient piece of music.
You can listen to the audio track below:

9. Oldest chewing gum (5000 years old)

In 2007, a piece of chewing gum that was over 5,000 years old was discovered in Finland by a student at the British Institute of Archaeology. Neolithic chewing gum made from birch resin was forever imprinted with a tooth imprint. Scientists believe that birch resin contains phenols that have antiseptic compounds, and ancient people chewed the resin to cure infections affecting the gums.

10. Ancient artificial eye (4,800 years old)

In 2006, Iranian archaeologists found an artificial eyeball made 4,800 years ago. The eye prosthesis belonged to a woman between 25 and 30 years old at the time of death and was made from plant resins mixed with animal fat.
Research has shown that before her death, the woman began to develop an abscess in the eyelid area due to contact of the prosthesis with the eye socket.

11. Ancient mask (9,000 years old)

This stone mask, made by a Neolithic craftsman, dates back to 7000 BC and can be seen in the Museum of the Bible and the Holy Land in Paris.

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People from the distant past did not have high-tech inventions, but this did not prevent them from having at their disposal objects that are familiar to us today. Archaeologists have found army knives, dentures, and even letters of complaint that are thousands of years old. In our review there are 9 items that can claim the title of “the most ancient” of their kind.

1. Zirconium crystal (4.4 billion years old)

Scientists date the crystal at 4.4 billion years old, making it the oldest piece of the planet's crust. The crystal was found in the Jack Hills (an arid region north of Perth, Australia) in 2001. The tiny translucent red crystal glows blue when bombarded with electrons. To appreciate, it is worth noting that the Earth itself, as a ball of molten rock, was formed 4.5 billion years ago in the form. The age of the crystal means that the earth's crust appeared just 160 million years after the formation of the solar system.

2. Prosthetic finger (3000 years old)

A prosthetic toe that was buried with a mummy 3,000 years ago is believed to be the oldest prosthetic in history. Scientists conducted tests to see if it could actually be used while walking. Researchers at the University of Manchester replicated a wooden toe and asked a volunteer who was missing a toe to wear prosthetic sandals similar to those worn in ancient Egypt. It turned out that the prosthesis would actually be made for convenience when walking, and not just for imitation.

3. Swiss Army Knife (1800 years old)

This may be the world's first army knife. If anything, it bears a striking resemblance to modern multitools and has at least six different functions. It's not actually a Swiss device - it comes from the Roman Empire, and was made in 200 AD. Tools include a pin for removing clams from their shells, a beak-shaped spatula for removing sauce from a bottle, a fork, spoon and knife for eating, and a toothpick.

4. Stash of cannabis (2,700 years old)

The world's oldest cache of cannabis was found in a 2,700-year-old tomb in the Gobi Desert in 2008. Almost two pounds of still green (despite being almost 3,000 years old) weed was found. Tests have proven that marijuana had powerful psychoactive properties, casting doubt on the theory that ancestors grew hemp only to make clothes, ropes and other objects from it.

5. Stone tools (3.3 million years)

This nondescript looking stone is actually one of the oldest stone tools ever found. It was made half a million years before the appearance of man. Scientists discovered this stone tool in Kenya, near Lake Turkana, where ancient artifacts are often found. Scientists suggest that this tool was made 3.3 million years ago by the early human ancestors Australopithecus.

6. Dildo (28,000 years old)

In 2005, German scientists discovered one of the oldest artificial phalluses in the world - a 20-centimeter high polished siltstone phallus that was created 28,000 years ago. The stone adult toy was discovered in the Höhle Fels cave in southwest Germany by a team of researchers from the University of Tübingen.

7. DNA Sample (150,000 years old)

Altamuri man became the oldest Neanderthal whose DNA scientists were able to study. About 150,000 years ago, a Neanderthal man fell into a well in southern Italy. In 1993, cavers spotted his skull in the Lamalunga Cave, deep beneath the city of Altamura. They decided to leave the skull and bones intact, since over tens of thousands of years the bones had literally grown into the stalactites and stone walls of the cave. In 2015, researchers took a sample of material from the skeleton's right shoulder blade and sent it to the laboratory for research.

8. Musical score (3,400 years old)

Clay tablets with cuneiform characters in the "Hurrian" language were found during excavations in the early 1950s in the ancient Syrian city of Ugarit (modern city of Ras Shamra). One of the texts on these tablets was the complete score of a hymn to the wife of the moon god Nikali. It is the oldest known musical notation in the world. It dates back to approximately 1400 BC. Interestingly, the text even contains detailed instructions for a singer accompanied by a harpist, as well as instructions on how to tune the harp.

9. Letter of complaint (3750 years)

The oldest written complaint is 3,750 years old. The writing on the clay tablet, dated 1750 BC, corresponds to the Old Babylonian period. A complaint was filed by a certain Nanni against Ea-Nasir due to the supply of poor quality copper ore, as well as misinformation and delay in further deliveries.

They will allow you to get a more complete picture of the life of the ancients.