Et Gaidar was the ideologist of the program. Famous politician Yegor Gaidar has died. Education and academic degrees of Yegor Gaidar

Yegor Gaidar is a famous politician of the “dashing” 90s, when the country experienced all the hardships of the transition from socialism to capitalism. A key figure in the Russian political arena, the author of “shock therapy” and the head of the “government of reformers”, who in historical times for the country was in the highest echelons of power and was responsible for the economic policy of the Russian Federation. People's attitude towards the reformer is quite contradictory - even many years after the death of the economist, his reforms are remembered both positively and negatively. Some are confident that “Gaidar’s” reforms saved Russians from hunger and civil war, while others believe that the activities of the economist-reformer led to a drop in living standards and the deliberate destruction of the Russian economy.

Gaidar Egor Timurovich was born on March 19, 1956 in Moscow in the family of a military sailor and journalist Timur Gaidar and historian Ariadna Bazhova. He was the grandson of famous Soviet writers Pavel Bazhov and. The future politician-reformer awoke his first interest in economics back in early childhood, when he lived with his parents in Cuba and Yugoslavia, where he became acquainted with the economic works of Marx and Engels, which were banned at that time in the USSR. He also showed a special interest in history and philosophy, and independently studied the works of the classics of Marxism, which became the foundation for his future career.

Gaidar graduated from high school in Moscow. He became a gold medalist at mathematical school No. 152, after which he entered the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University. Lomonosov, who also graduated with honors. Having decided to continue to improve his knowledge, the economist continued his studies in graduate school, and in 1980 he defended his scientific dissertation and became a candidate of economic sciences. In 1990, Egor Timurovich prepared and defended his doctoral dissertation.

Career

Yegor Gaidar's career began at the All-Union Research Institute, where the young economist analyzed the economic reforms of the countries of the socialist camp. Even then, the future reformer realized that the economy of the USSR was in a dire state, and if market mechanisms were not launched, it would enter a phase of self-destruction. After 6 years of work, he transferred to the Institute of Economics and Forecasting, where he took the position of leading researcher.

Gaidar devoted the next three years to journalism - he became deputy editor of the Kommunist magazine, and later head of the economics department at the Pravda newspaper. At that time, the economist began promoting the idea of ​​reducing the presence of the state in the economy, reducing the budget for non-beneficiary public spheres and launching gradual reforms in the Soviet system. Around the same period, Yegor Timurovich unveiled his own economic program to financially stabilize the country's economy.

But Gaidar’s projects were not destined to come true at that moment, since they did not fit into the framework of existing realities. At the same time, his strengthened reputation as a professional economist and experienced polemicist allowed him not to remain in the shadows during the collapse of the USSR. Thanks to his acquaintances in political circles and the coordinated work of a team of like-minded people, Gaidar became Deputy Prime Minister of the RSFSR, and later Prime Minister of the Russian Federation.

Policy

Yegor Gaidar entered politics at a time when laws ceased to apply, instructions were followed and the power structures of the state ceased to operate, and the Soviet system of control over foreign economic activity became non-functioning. Then the politician created a team of economists and headed the “government of reformers,” which actively began creating a new economy for the country.

During his first year at the helm of the Russian government, he managed to put into action an economic reform plan aimed at launching market mechanisms, eradicating deficits, changing the currency and tax systems and creating a privatization program. During the same period he became the founder and head of the Institute economic policy, remaining the largest authority in the field of socio-economic transformation of society.

In the period from 1991 to 1994, Yegor Gaidar held high positions of power, ranging from the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation to the Chairman of the Russian Government. Then, under his leadership, the country began liberalizing market prices, economic reforms, transforming the tax system, introducing free market trade, privatization and restructuring of the fuel and energy complex.

In 1994, amid expressions of disagreement with the then-current prime minister of the country, Gaidar was forced to resign. Despite this, he continued his political, scientific and economic activities, taking an active part in the party building of the State Duma of the first convocation. From 1994 to 2001, he headed the Democratic Choice of Russia party and continued to contribute to the reform movement in history new Russia.

Achievements

The assessment of Yegor Gaidar’s activities in the development of the economy of the new Russia is both positive and negative. Supporters of the reformer believe that Gaidar’s achievements are invaluable for the country, since he took full responsibility for the Russian economy in conditions of a severe crisis and was able to withstand mass famine and civil war.

His work is highly appreciated by many reform economists around the world, who believe that Gaidar’s team had the most difficult time of all in preserving the country’s economy, since there was strong opposition and resistance to reform in Russia. At the same time, the Russian government admits that the country’s tax, budget, and customs codes are written from beginning to end by Gaidar and his team.

Opponents of Yegor Gaidar, on the contrary, are confident that the reformer politician with his “shock therapy” caused a decline in the standard of living in the country, which caused the stratification of society. He is accused of unfair privatization, depreciation of the USSR's contributions and the collapse of the country's industry.

Personal life

The personal life of Yegor Gaidar is “two-part”. The first time he married while still a student was Irina Smirnova, who was his childhood friend. She bore him two children - Peter and Mary. After the divorce, the spouses “divided” the children equally - who is now, remained with her mother, and Peter Gaidar remained with his father’s parents, who doted on him.

The reformer politician decided to find family happiness for the second time - he married the daughter of the famous writer Maria Strugatskaya, with whom he lived until the end of his days. Gaidar’s second wife had a son from his first marriage, Ivan Strugatsky, and in her marriage to Yegor Timurovich, she gave birth to her husband another son, Pavel.

In life, the reformist politician was interested in chess, reading and writing books. He became the author of an entire bibliography of publications on economics, the topics of which are contained in the preface of his 15-volume works. His children say that their father also loved fishing and picking mushrooms, and was also a connoisseur of whiskey, for which he had an unrivaled passion.

Death

On December 16, 2009, Yegor Gaidar died at the age of 53. The cause of death of the politician was a heart attack, as a result of which a blood clot broke off. Until the last days of his life, the economist participated in the development of advanced technologies in the country and worked on his scientific works.

Farewell to Gaidar took place in the capital's Central Clinical Hospital on December 19. It is reported that about 10 thousand people came to say goodbye to the country's leading economist, including well-known figures in the political arena, Sergei Stepashin.

Yegor Gaidar was buried after cremation at the Novodevichy cemetery in a non-public setting. Posthumously, a monument to the reformer politician was unveiled in the building of the Higher School of Economics, and Gaidar’s memory was immortalized in the history of Russia by decree of the President of the Russian Federation.

Egor Timurovich.... Solomyansky

Some time ago, in one of the local newspapers, the famous Gaidar scholar and researcher of masturbation, Boris Kamov, published a vicious article against me entitled “How much are contract killings these days?”

The article begins with a statement about the usefulness and necessity of reforms that became famous thanks to a person who called himself E. Gaidar: “In those years, the question was about the transition of our country to a market economy. The theoretical development of the transition was carried out by E.T. Gaidar. Farewell to the “bright kingdom of socialism” destroyed the well-being of the huge party apparatus, which was concerned not only with the loss of “Kremlin rations.” If, as a result of the reforms, the “Leninist party” were declared criminal, many recent functionaries would have had a bad time.”

In conclusion, like a master of libelous affairs, Kamov rudely kicked the famous Russian writer Vladimir Soloukhin, the author of the famous revealing book “Salt Lake”: “Do you know, Makarov, that your teacher and spiritual mentor V.S. Was Soloukhin a deserter during the same war?” - asks this apologist for Gaidarism.
No, Mr. Kamov, I only know that V.A. Soloukhin served in the Kremlin guard from 1942 to 1945. But if he were alive, he would adequately repay you for this slander.
After this, is it worth believing the one who laid down his life trying to get Arkady Gaidar out of his dirty deeds in the extraliterary field?

In this regard, it is worth citing the judgment of historian S.V. Naumova:

Brief biography: cannibal and bloodsucker, one of the main destroyers of the USSR - Yegor Timurovich Solomyansky
His grandmother Rakhil Lazarevna Solomyanskaya married the writer Arkady Golikov (who wrote under the pseudonym Gaidar), already having a son, Timur, from an unknown man.
Arkady Golikov adopted Timur (see The Black Book of Names That Have No Place on the Map of Russia. M., 2005, p. 30), but they did not live together for long, since Golikov, suffering from a mental disorder and a severe form of alcoholism, drove around at night in an insane state with a saber around the apartment behind Rachel Lazarevna, organizing regular family pogroms against Jews. For this reason, Rakhil Lazarevna soon left her famous pogrom writer husband Arkady Gaidar-Golikov and left Moscow with her son for distant Arkhangelsk. They never saw each other again. True, when Solomyanskaya was arrested in 1938, Arkady Golikov achieved her release, being an authoritative children's writer (albeit a cruel maniac - such a paradox). ... Years have passed. Arkady Golikov died in the war under unclear circumstances. By this time, Timur had grown up and graduated from the Nakhimov School and needed to get a passport. The smart Jewish boy realized that you couldn’t make a career with the surname Solomyansky, so as his own he chose not the surname of his mother, with whom he lived all the time, not the surname of his own father, not even the surname of his stepfather, but his... literary pseudonym! Such amazing impudence... The trick was a success, and the son of Rachel Lazarevna Solomyanskaya eventually became a rear admiral, without commanding a single ship for a day: all of his difficult naval service took place in the editorial office of the newspaper “Red Star”. He also became a member of the Union of Soviet Writers, without writing a single work of art.
His son Yegor (naturally, also Gaidar!) already belonged to the highest party nomenklatura from birth. In his personal life, he remained a staunch patriot of his people, having married the daughter of the famous Jewish science fiction writer Arkady Strugatsky, Maria. The fruit of this happy marriage is the founder of the youth “orange” movement “We” Masha Gaidar. ...

Naumov's conclusion that Yegor Gaidar had no blood relationship with the famous writer requires documentary evidence. In any case, the origins of Yegorka’s dad are quite murky. So let those who want to stick with a stick in this hole of Gaidar’s devilry.

Original taken from aquilaaquilonis in Mom Malchisha-Kipalchisha

Liya Lazarevna Solomyanskaya (according to documents - Rakhil Lazarevna Solomyanskaya, also among relatives - Ruva and Ralia Solomyanskaya; May 5, 1907, Minsk - 1986, Moscow) - a figure in Soviet cinema, film playwright, screenwriter, journalist.

Born in Minsk in Jewish family(father - engineer, Bolshevik Lazar Grigorievich Solomyansky), grew up in Perm (where she met her future husband Arkady Gaidar). She was a member of the editorial board of the Perm newspaper “Na Smenu” and worked on the radio. Since 1926 - in Arkhangelsk, on September 19, 1929 she was appointed the first head of the radio center at the regional communications department and editor of the Arkhangelsk regional radio broadcasting. In 1928-1929 she studied at the Leningrad Institute of Communist Education named after. N.K. Krupskaya (in absentia), then worked as a journalist, editor of the newspapers “For the Harvest” (at the Ivnyanskaya Machine and Tractor Station, 1934) and “Pionerskaya Pravda”, and as an editorial employee of the magazine “For the Food Industry”. In cinema since 1935 (first at Mosfilm, then as head of the script department at Soyuzdetfilm). During the war years he was a military journalist for the Znamya newspaper. After the war, she collaborated in various newspapers and magazines (“Youth”, “Physical Culture and Sports”, “Youth Technology”). Author of books for children and youth.

Family
Husband (in 1925-1931) - children's writer Arkady Petrovich Gaidar.
The son is a journalist, Rear Admiral Timur Arkadyevich Gaidar (married to the daughter of the writer and storyteller Pavel Petrovich Bazhov).
Grandson - economist and politician Yegor Timurovich Gaidar (married to the daughter of science fiction writer Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky).
Great-granddaughter - politician Maria Egorovna Gaidar.
The second husband is the secretary of the Shepetovsky regional committee of the RCP (b), deputy executive editor of the newspaper “For the Food Industry” Israel Mikhailovich Razin (1905-1938), shot on charges of participation in a counter-revolutionary organization.
The third husband is a figure skating coach, sports journalist and teacher-methodologist Samson Volfovich Glyazer (1908-1984); paired with Larisa Novozhilova, champion of Moscow (1930), winner of the Winter Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR (1948), and bronze medalist of the USSR and RSFSR championships (1949). L.L. Solomyanskaya in collaboration with S.V. Glyazer (pseudonym G. Samsonov) are the authors of several manuals on sports and educational games for youth.

Filmography (screenwriter)
1955 - The fate of a drummer (Gorky Film Studio)
1958 - The Tale of Malchish-Kibalchish (Soyuzmultfilm film studio)
1958 - Military secret (Yalta film studio)
1965 - Rikki-Tikki-Tavi (Soyuzmultfilm film studio)
L.L. Solomyanskaya also compiled the filmstrip “The Tale of a Military Secret, the Kibalchish Boy and His Firm Word” (produced by the Filmstrip studio, 1957).

Leah (Rakhil) Lazarevna Solomyanskaya with her son Timur Arkadyevich Gaidar and grandson Yegor Timurovich Gaidar.

With Timur, it’s unclear whose son of a bitch this is:

“Egor Timu-ro-vi-cha Gai-dar’s grandmother, Rachel La-za-revna Solo-myan-s-kaya, married the writer Ar-ka-diy Go-likov (who wrote under the pseudonym Gaidar), already having a son, Timur, from an unknown (to us) man.
Arkady Golikov had a mustache for Ti-mur (see The Black Book of Names That Have No Place on the Map of Russia. M., 2005, p. 30), but they did not live together for long, since Suffering from a mental disorder and a severe form of al-co-go-lism, Go-li-kov at night in an insane state chased Rachel La-za-rev with a saber around the apartment -noy, organizing regular family Jewish thunderstorms. For this reason, Ra-khil Lazarevna soon abandoned her famous pogrom writer-husband Arkady Gaidar-Golikov and left Moscow with her son for distant Ar-Khan-Gelsk.
Years have passed. Arkady Golikov died in the war under unclear circumstances. By this time, Timur had grown up and graduated from the Nakhimov School and needed to get a passport. The smart Jewish boy realized that he couldn’t make a career with the unknown surname Solomyansky, so as his own he chose not the surname of his mother, with whom he lived all the time, not the surname of his own father, not even the surname of his stepfather, but his... literary pseudonym ! This is such amazing impudence..."
http://balanseeker.livejournal.com/1886 9.html

Timur Gaidar was born on December 8, 1926 in Arkhangelsk, in the family of the writer Arkady Gaidar (Golikov) and his wife Liya Solomyanskaya. In 2011, the website of the weekly Sobesednik published an article with the scandalous assumption that Timur is not in fact Gaidar’s own son. Many arguments were given as evidence, starting with the calculation of the time of conception, saying that the young husband was not with his wife at that moment, and ending with the fact that the heir did not look like his father in appearance. However, this version was almost immediately smashed to smithereens by journalists from the newspaper “Evening Severodvinsk”. Arkady Gaidar went on a long journey through Central Asia and the Caucasus on March 25, 1926. Timur was born on December 8th. In addition, the son inherited more of his mother’s traits, and his grandson, Yegor, turned out to be strikingly similar to Arkady Gaidar. It is clear that evidence of Timur’s “acceptance” is not the fact that he was not the writer’s first child. Arkady Gaidar was indeed married before meeting Leah, and from his first wife Maria Plaksina he had a son, Evgeniy, but he fell ill and died before he left infancy.

„ In 2011, the website of the weekly Sobesednik published an article with the scandalous assumption that Timur is not in fact Gaidar’s own son „
The writer's traveling life led to the fact that he first saw Timur when the boy was already two years old, finally, after a long separation from his wife, he arrived in Arkhangelsk, where he and his son lived at that time. This served supporters of the adoption version as another trump card: they say, Arkady then gave his name to the baby born to Solomyanskaya from another man. In any case, they did not have to live as one family for long - Gaidar, who suffered from a mental disorder and drank regularly, periodically caused scandals at home, which is why Leah took the child, filed for divorce and left her husband.

Despite the fact that his father bore the double surname Golikov-Gaidar, using the second part as a literary pseudonym, Timur, until he came of age, was Solomyansky on his mother’s side, and when receiving a passport, he took only the sonorous “Gaidar” as a surname. It is this surname that remains for all subsequent generations of their family to this day.

Timur Gaidar graduated from the Leningrad Higher Naval School in 1948, the Faculty of Journalism of the Military-Political Academy named after. Lenin in 1954. For a long time he combined military activities, rising to the rank of rear admiral, and journalistic and literary work.

The famous Russian politician and economist Yegor Gaidar died on Wednesday at the age of 54. Doctors confirmed Gaidar’s death in his home in the village of Dunino, Odintsovo district, Moscow region. According to the preliminary conclusion of doctors, Yegor Timurovich died due to a detached blood clot, Life.ru reports.

Co-chairman of the Right Cause party Leonid Gozman confirmed that Gaidar died at his home at 4 a.m. today. “Yegor Timurovich died, I can’t give details yet,” RIA Novosti quotes assistant Gaidar Volkov. The funeral is expected to take place on Saturday, December 19th. This was announced by the General Director of the state corporation "Rusnano" Anatoly Chubais. He noted that it has not yet been decided in which cemetery E. Gaidar will be buried. However, relatives turned to the authorities with a request to bury E. Gaidar at the Novodevichy cemetery. The farewell ceremony will take place at the Central Clinical Hospital.

Gaidar was one of the initiators of Russian economic reforms in the government of the first Russian President Boris Yeltsin, and is considered one of the ideologists of market reforms in Russia in the 90s and the author of “shock therapy.” In the past, he served as Minister of Economy and Finance and Chairman of the Government.

Before the collapse of the USSR, Yegor Gaidar made a party career, working in high positions in the newspaper Pravda and in the magazine of the CPSU Central Committee, Kommunist. Author of a number of articles on economics. Participated in the development of economic reforms during the perestroika period (expert at the State Commission on the Possibilities of Economic Reforms).

According to journalist Alexander Khinshtein, in 1990, Gaidar, working as the head of the economics department of the Pravda newspaper, did not miss an economic article by Ruslan Khasbulatov with the wording “The author actually advocates the market, and the market in the Soviet Union is unnecessary and impossible for anyone.”

IN Lately was studying research work at the Institute for the Economy in Transition, which he heads.

Yegor Gaidar is survived by his wife, three sons and a daughter.

Yegor Gaidar - Biography

Yegor Timurovich Gaidar was born on March 19, 1956 in Moscow in the family of a war correspondent for the Pravda newspaper, Rear Admiral Timur Gaidar. Both of Yegor Gaidar's grandfathers - Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov - are famous writers.

In 1978, Gaidar graduated from the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, and in November 1980 he graduated from graduate school at Moscow State University. In graduate school at Moscow State University, Gaidar studied under the guidance of academician Stanislav Shatalin, who is considered not only his teacher, but also an ideological like-minded person. After graduating from graduate school, Gaidar defended his Ph.D. thesis on evaluation indicators in the economic accounting system of enterprises.

In 1980-1986, Gaidar worked at the All-Union Research Institute of System Research of the State Committee for Science and Technology and the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1986-1987, he was a leading researcher at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he worked under the leadership of Academician Lev Abalkin, who later became Deputy Prime Minister Nikolai Ryzhkov

Already in 1982, Gaidar met Anatoly Chubais (later the main ideologist of privatization), being invited to St. Petersburg to speak at “Chubais” economic seminars. According to other sources, Gaidar met Chubais and Pyotr Aven (later a major businessman) in 1983-1984, when he participated in the work of a state commission that studied the possibilities of economic reforms in the USSR.

On August 19, 1991, after the start of the GKChP putsch, Gaidar announced his resignation from the CPSU and joined the defenders of the White House. During the August events, Gaidar met Russian Secretary of State Gennady Burbulis.

Gaidar is known as one of the ideologists and leaders of the radical economic reforms of the early 1990s in Russia. In 1991-1994, he held high positions in the Russian government (including acting chairman of the government). He was also a State Duma deputy of the first (1993-1995) and third (1999-2003) convocations.

Acting as Prime Minister of Russia from June 15 to December 15, 1992. By the time Gaidar’s government began work, a powerful commodity distribution system operated in the country. In industry, this function was largely performed by the State Supply Agency.

Gaidar was one of the key participants in the reforms that changed the economic system in Russia. In particular, under Gaidar's leadership, retail prices were liberalized and the privatization process began. Price liberalization led to a surge in inflation and led to the population losing their savings in Sberbank. On the other hand, the introduction of price freedom launched market mechanisms in Russian economy.

During the price reform undertaken under the leadership of the last Prime Minister of the USSR, Valentin Pavlov in 1991, the amount of 40% compensation for household deposits and government bonds was credited to so-called special accounts. From each such account, according to the decree of the President of the USSR of March 22, 1991 No. UP-1708, it was allowed to withdraw no more than 200 rubles no earlier than July 1 of the same year, and the remaining amounts were supposed to be frozen for three years with an accrual of 7% per annum. The same decree lifted restrictions on the withdrawal of money from accounts, introduced simultaneously with the exchange of 50- and 100-ruble banknotes three months earlier.
On February 27, 1992, Russian President Boris Yeltsin issued Decree No. 196, according to which restrictions on the use of special accounts were lifted as of March 30 of the same year. For other accounts and deposits, no withdrawal restrictions were introduced.

Contrary to the government's claims that it had a well-thought-out program and that the results were in line with expectations, the scale of hyperinflation turned a significant part of the population against reforms. Gaidar's government pursued a policy of market reforms in the economy, despite the fact that Gaidar himself and other members of this government were members of the CPSU in the recent past.

Boris Nemtsov, when he was the head of the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod region, considered the Russian government under Yegor Gaidar incompetent, and assessed the reforms he was carrying out as “sluggish schizophrenia.” Nemtsov recommended replacing Gaidar with Grigory Yavlinsky or Arkady Volsky.

In June 1994, Gaidar became chairman of the Democratic Choice of Russia party (he remained the party leader until May 2001). Colleagues in the Far East gave him a playful nickname - "Iron Winnie the Pooh" - for his characteristic appearance, unbending character and increased efficiency.

In December 1998, Russian liberal democrats united into the “Right Cause” public bloc, whose leadership included Gaidar, Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, Boris Fedorov, and Irina Khakamada.

On August 24, Sergei Kiriyenko, Nemtsov and Khakamada announced the creation of the Union of Right Forces (SPS) electoral bloc. In the parliamentary elections of 1999, Gaidar, on the SPS list, joined the State Duma third convocation.

The founding congress of the SPS party took place on May 26, 2001, and Gaidar became one of its co-chairs. After the defeat of the Union of Right Forces in the elections in December 2003, Gaidar left the leadership of the party and new line-up The Presidium of the Political Council of the Union of Right Forces, elected in February 2004, is no longer included - according to Leonid Gozman, the party’s curator for ideology, “Gaidar and Nemtsov remain leaders without holding formal posts.”

Gaidar was director of the Institute for the Economy in Transition, an honorary professor at the University of California, a member of the editorial board of the journal Vestnik Evropy, and a member of the advisory board of the journal Acta Oeconomica.

On November 24, 2006, while attending a conference in Ireland, Gaidar suddenly felt ill and was taken to the hospital with signs of acute poisoning. Journalists noticed that this happened the day after Alexander Litvinenko, a former employee of the FSB of the Russian Federation, a sharp critic of the Kremlin’s policies and personally of President Vladimir Putin personally, died in a London hospital from poisoning with the radioactive substance polonium. However, Gaidar managed to recover and the very next day he flew to Moscow, where he continued his treatment. Gaidar refused to comment on speculation that he was deliberately poisoned.

In September 2008, SPS leader Nikita Belykh resigned as party chairman. The reasons for this politician’s action were soon explained: it was reported that within a few months the SPS would become part of a new right-wing party created by the Kremlin. Gaidar refused to participate in the creation of a new structure and submitted a letter of resignation from the party. At the same time, according to the politician, he “is not ready to say a word in condemnation” of the position of those who believe that “ political structures“loyal to the regime, but not formally part of the ruling party,” are capable of playing a positive role.

However, soon he, together with Chubais and Leonid Gozman, who temporarily headed the SPS, called on party members to cooperate with the authorities to create a right-wing liberal party. Insisting on the need for such a step, the authors of the statement admitted that “a democratic regime does not function in Russia.” They expressed doubt that the right in the future “will be able to protect our values ​​in full.” “But we certainly won’t be forced to defend strangers,” asserted the leaders of the Union of Right Forces.

The media wrote that Gaidar is a man of radical right-wing views in politics and economics. He was the author of the monographs “Economic reforms and hierarchical structures”, “State and evolution”, “Anomalies of economic growth”, “Days of defeats and victories”, Long time”.

Gaidar was married for the second time to the daughter of the writer Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky, Marianna, whom he met at school. He had three sons - Peter from his first marriage to Irina Smirnova and Ivan and Pavel from his second (Ivan is Marianna’s son from her first marriage). In addition, Gaidar had a daughter, Maria, who was born in 1982, when Gaidar and Smirnova were getting ready to divorce. (Based on Wikipedia, Lentapedia and information from open sources.)

After the divorce, Peter began to live with his father and his parents, and Maria remained with her mother and bore her last name for a long time. Only in 2004 did Gaidar admit his paternity, and she took his last name.

Gaidar in his latest interview: Russia is still a country with a market economy

In his last interview with Novaya Gazeta in mid-November 2009, Yegor Gaidar stated that Russia is now experiencing a severe global crisis, which creates risks, including risks to stability political institutions. “When a society moves from a regime in which real wages are growing at 10% per year for ten years to a regime in which they begin to decline, GDP declines after a long period of stable growth, a surplus budget is replaced by a deficit one, this has political consequences,” - he said. "In such a situation, a fork in the road arises. The government, which previously did not even require large-scale manipulations in order to regularly win elections, can take two paths. The first is a tightening of the regime, the second is gradual liberalization. My work from a political point of view is largely devoted to what choosing the first path creates risks,” Gaidar said.

He noted that “Russia is not the Soviet Union, the regime is softer, citizens have more freedoms, and most importantly, the economy – despite all the “buts” – is still a market economy. Yes, the important problem of the division of power and property has not been resolved, but this is not a reason to give up."

RBC: Politicians and experts on the death of Gaidar

Member of the Public Chamber Alla Gerber said on the radio station “Echo of Moscow” that Yegor Gaidar was a man of the era.

First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Security Gennady Gudkov: “As a human being, I sincerely feel sorry for him. A very absurd death for a politician in the prime of his life.” He stressed that this was unexpected news. At the same time, the deputy noted that he was not a supporter of E. Gaidar, but respects the point of view that he promoted. “I don’t approve of a lot of what E. Gaidar did, but I give him his due - he was not a corrupt politician in the today’s sense of the word,” said G. Gudkov. According to the deputy, perhaps E. Gaidar and his supporters “did not express the most correct point of view, but they did it sincerely, without using power as a business.”

Governor of the Kirov region Nikita Belykh: “I knew Yegor Timurovich both personally and within political activity. I can say that this is probably the most profound person in terms of understanding the situation, the most responsible of all the people I have seen, and the most decent,” the governor emphasized.

“This is not only a great economist, not only a person who took responsibility for the most serious and objectively painful reforms in the country, but also a deeply decent person in himself, there were no halftones for him,” noted N. Belykh.

Head of the LDPR Vladimir Zhirinovsky highly appreciated the contribution made by Yegor Gaidar to the development of Russian economic science. In a conversation with journalists, V. Zhirinovsky expressed regret that people like E. Gaidar die at such an early age. The LDPR leader recalled that he worked together with E. Gaidar in the State Duma.

“The man died, so we won’t talk about our ideological contradictions, but as an economic scientist he had great achievements,” the politician said. According to V. Zhirinovsky, E. Gaidar had the courage to defend his position, which he never hid. As for personal qualities, according to the leader of the LDPR, E. Gaidar was a highly erudite person who could answer any question.

Anatoly Chubais: “Yegor Gaidar in the early 90s saved Russia from famine, civil war and collapse. He was a great man. A great scientist, a great statesman. Few people in the history of Russia and in world history can compare with him in the strength of his intellect and clarity understanding of the past, present and future, readiness to make the most difficult but necessary decisions. It was a great success for Russia that at one of the most difficult moments in its history it had Yegor Gaidar,” Anatoly Chubais wrote in his official blog, at the beginning. In the 90s, he worked together with E. Gaidar in the Russian government.

Having retreated to last years from active political activity, E. Gaidar remained an “intellectual and moral leader,” notes A. Chubais. “For me, he was and will forever remain the highest example of honesty, courage and reliability. I will feel this loss all my life,” wrote the head of Rusnano.

Irina Khakamada: “A man of historical magnitude has left. It will be very difficult for everyone else when those who know how to take responsibility for mistakes and for all the good things done not only by him, but by the whole country leave.”

Deputy head of the faction United Russia"in the State Duma Vladimir Pekhtin: “The passing of Yegor Gaidar is a huge loss and loss. Despite the fact that there are various estimates his activities, the name of E. Gaidar is associated with an entire era in the history of Russia, with the era of post-Soviet development, when it was necessary to put the economy in order." According to him, E. Gaidar was a talented economist who, in a rather difficult political and economic situation, made a significant contribution to Russia's transition to a market economy.

In addition to politics, V. Pekhtin noted, E. Gaidar was actively involved in scientific activities, his numerous works had a significant impact on the development of modern economic science. In conclusion, V. Pekhtin expressed sincere condolences to the family and friends of E. Gaidar. "I deeply mourn his passing," he said.

Co-chairman of "Right Cause" Leonid Gozman believes that the history of Russia without the economist and politician Yegor Gaidar would be “more tragic.” “Our history would have been different - more terrible, tragic,” noted L. Gozman, adding that E. Gaidar was at the right time in in the right place in the early 1990s. According to him, Yegor Gaidar was a great scientist, “a man of fantastic courage, integrity and dedication.”

Leader of the Yabloko Party Sergey Mitrokhin called the death of Yegor Gaidar a great loss for the entire Russian society and the scientific community in particular. "The death of E. Gaidar is a great loss for the entire society and the scientific community, because recently he was engaged in scientific work. We had different political views, nevertheless, he played a significant role in the history of the country,” said S. Mitrokhin.

“... there are three kinds of minds: the outstanding one comprehends everything himself. The significant can understand what the first has comprehended.
An unfit mind does not comprehend anything itself and cannot understand what others have comprehended.” /Machiavelli/

Matches are not toys for children

We all come from childhood. Like when Egor was "small, with a curly head", he was sent to the store for a French roll, which then cost 7 kopecks. The boy, having paid 8 (5+3) kopecks, stood at the cash register for an hour. To the cashier's question: "What are you waiting for?" answered: "A pretty penny."

Yegor was born “with a silver spoon in his mouth”: two grandfathers-writers - Arkady Gaidar and Leonid Bazhov. Father is a military journalist, rear admiral. At school he is an excellent student and a medalist.

In his memoirs he writes: “I noticed quite quickly that it was not particularly difficult for me to remember the contents of a statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia that I looked at or a textbook that I came across by chance.[...] My father, who inherited some financial carelessness from his grandfather, was always burdened by reporting and accounting. Noticing how easy it was for me to do everything related to numbers, he completely entrusted me, a ten-year-old boy, with drawing up the monthly financial report of the office.” /1/

He graduated from the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University with honors, then graduated from graduate school.

Later, he will remember with aspiration how, during his student years, “at night” he read books by Anglo-Saxon authors of the new era.

Chmoker And Ghoul- that's what people called it
Yegor Timurovich for his habit of smacking.

From 1983 to 1985 he was an expert at the State Commission on Economic Reforms. From 1987 to 1990 - editor and head of the economic policy department in the magazine of the CPSU Central Committee "Communist". In 1990, he headed the economics department of the Pravda newspaper. In 1991-1994, he held a number of key positions in the government of the Russian Federation.
Knowledgeable people then said: “In the government of Yegor Gaidar, only Gaidar himself does not take bribes! And if he grabbed it, it wasn’t much.”

He was a living illustration of Olesha’s fairy tale “Three Fat Men.” The word “man” didn’t stick to him at all. His “cutlet” handshake indicated a soft and phlegmatic nature. So, while in Paris on an official visit, telling reporters about the progress of reforms in Russia, he dozed off on an ottoman. Well, just like Field Marshal Kutuzov in Fili.

“It is desirable to pay wages to workers” / E.T. Gaidar/

The liberal economist from the magazine “Communist” has never bothered to visit a single enterprise in his entire life.
began to teach the “wrong” planned economy, religiously believing the Anglo-Saxon textbooks, like throwing himself into a stormy stream with swimming instructions in his hand held high.

I loved to explain myself in metaphors.
“If they give you a bucket full of money as a paycheck, that’s not hyperinflation. And if you forget this bucket in a telephone booth and it is stolen along with your money, this is also not hyperinflation. But if a forgotten bucket is stolen and the money is left on the floor in the booth, then it’s her, mother!”

Gaidar steps ahead

The government, led by orders from the IMF, consistently introduced the “mothball-soaked” model of free competition for small businesses, characteristic of early capitalism.

Prices were “released,” which increased tens of thousands (!) times for a number of goods, devaluing the population’s savings. As if by magic, the stores were suddenly filled with goods - the shortage was created artificially “from above” to justify “shock therapy”. After the decree “On Free Trade”, spontaneous markets arose everywhere, while “competition mechanisms” did not arise - organized criminal groups seized control of all market structures.

By blocking factors Soviet system, and his team created matrices on which the ugly structures of new “development institutions” began to take shape. Organized crime and total corruption, wild forms of hiring and non-payment of wages, poverty and homelessness, drugs, HIV and prostitution, as well as a general decline in culture and education have become an integral part of life after reform Russia.

It was under Gaidar that a mass of hungry people appeared in the country.

introduced the practice of introducing American advisers into the bodies of the supreme executive power, supposedly to strengthen ministries and departments with experts. In fact, to transfer key industrial and resource facilities to the management of “hand-held” Russian entrepreneurs, whom the United States trusted. The names and faces of many of them are still replete with the pages of Forbes and gossip tabloids.

Chicken legs stuffed with hormonal drugs (“Bush legs”), used foreign cars and Royal alcohol became a symbol of the transformation of Russia, defeated by the West in the Cold War, into a market for “dirty” products from all over the world and the “rolling into asphalt” of domestic producers. Oil fields and fishing industries were sold and leased to foreign capital for a long time.

“Russia as a state of Russians has no historical perspective.”

“...teachers, doctors, technical and creative intelligentsia
<...>It’s not the middle class, it’s the dependents.” /E.T. Gaidar/

Voucher privatization, carried out in an extremely short time, quickly destroyed the technologically advanced part of the industry. The largest enterprises with the entire infrastructure went for the price of scrap metal.
They were “taken over” by shadow economy businessmen with shifty bosses and criminal authorities, who by and large did not produce anything. Half of the enterprises that just yesterday were working in three shifts, producing machine tools, airplanes or televisions, were soon stripped to the bone by the new owners and simply killed, and their buildings were turned into shopping or office centers.

“Dear Yegor Timurovich, cook Ernest Semenovich Lobkov writes to you. Do something. Due to my external resemblance to you, I am often beaten!”

Society was divided into a handful of super-rich gentlemen and many millions of people who suddenly became impoverished. It has become firmly established in the popular consciousness: “Only bastards are successful”
. And, when they refer to encyclopedic knowledge of economics Egor Timurovich Gaidar, for some reason I remember Ivan Andreevich Krylov: “He’s smart, but his mind is stupid.”

Enemy of the people or great reformer?

Unlike mathematical theorems, economic issues directly affect the interests of many people. And therefore they are contested, sometimes even contrary to obvious logic.

There are people on both sides of the border who respect Egor Timurovich Gaidar. There are few of them in Russia. But they exist and persistently cultivate the myth of the “great reformer”, “the lump of economic science”, printing his books in huge editions, establishing a foundation and awarding prizes in his name. No matter who they erect monuments to, it means the head means he did everything right.
Pundits of "Gaidar's litter" advise our government. We constantly see them on blue screens, speaking various learned words, muttering and beckoning about the development of small and medium-sized businesses.
But whatever one may say, the result of the reforms was not a powerful breakthrough, as for example in China, but a huge decline that has no analogues in peacetime. After his team “got down to business” in 1992, Russia, in a state of crisis, moved from a “bifurcation point” into a state of disaster ( kick Gaidar).
“Beware of degrading the product, beware of lowering wages and rob the public." These words of the Great, similar to a spell or parting words, seem to most of today's pundits in the field of economics, representing the “Gaidar litter,” to be complete absurdity, worthy of the attention only of naive simpletons.

“I saw the workshops of our best leading factories for the production of modern microwave equipment. It was as if a neutron bomb had exploded. Everything is lying down. Even tea in dry glasses in the back room and not a single person!”

To tear apart a factory and organize a flea market in its place - a great achievement?!

“When Gaidar flew to Magadan and said that there were a lot of extra people in the North, we said “there are!” and went to kill the villages as not promising. The village of Strelka was closed simply by turning off the electricity and the people themselves left in all directions.”

It seemed to the overwhelming majority of the population that the transition to a market economy promised everyone something joyful: stores would be filled with high-quality goods at low prices; scientists and engineers believed that they would be shown on television and driven to the entrance by personal cars; miners who will shovel money.
But “instead of a beautiful black-eyed Polish woman, some fat face was looking out of the windows.” /Gogol/

He was forced to go everywhere with guards.

At the end of his life he was greatly “abused”.

Chubais: “Gaidar and I would sometimes sit in the evenings, and I would drink half a bottle of whiskey, and he would drink a bottle and continue the conversation. One day I suggested to him: “Egor, if you drank a bottle of vodka from your throat in front of millions of television viewers, then snorted a crust of black bread and continued the conversation, the attitude towards you would change. The people would stop hating you and would accept you as one of their own.” “I don’t drink vodka, I drink whiskey. It’s not clear how people will react to whiskey,” Yegor Timurovich calmly explained.” /3/

Ironically, he shared the fate of millions driven to the “bottom” by his reforms - he died of alcoholism at the age of 54 average duration life of a Russian man. Was the boomerang coming? Or maybe you’ve never heard of such a mechanism?
People remember Yegor Timurovich and his “shock” therapy. “It’s okay that some pensioners will die out, but society will become more mobile.” /E.T. Gaidar/

THIS IS NOT FORGETABLE.
Strikingly reminiscent of a phallus from a distance, the monument reveals more and more new meanings as you approach it. This is not often the case in monumental art.

Do you see the second hand? No?! But she is! This is the same “invisible hand of the market”.
“I accompanied him to the grave
a barrage of ridicule,
Others simply laughed madly.
And only I, only I alone, cried.
I so dreamed of seeing

him hanged."

P.S. Arkady Gaidar described the “bad boy” who sold his homeland to the “damned bourgeoisie” for “a whole barrel of jam and a whole basket of cookies”, in detail, as if from life. So don’t believe in all sorts of mysticism after this...
And the Gaidars - they were different. And his grandfather Arkady Gaidar’s books are good. And he died in '41.

/1/ Gaidar E.T., “Days of defeats and victories”, M., “Vagrius”, 1996, p.19. /2/ Oleg Poptsov, “Moment of Truth”, TVC, 06/23/2006. /3/ N. Starikov. Yegor Gaidar against Russia. "Military Review". Opinions. /4/ B. Nemtsov, “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, 08/9/2007

December 16, 2009

Yegor Gaidar Awards

Scientific works Yegor Gaidar

Gaidar E. T., Koshkin V. I. Cost accounting and development of economic independence of enterprises. - M., Economics, 1984

Gaidar E. T., Shatalin S. S. Economic reform: reasons, directions, problems. - M., Economics, 1989

Gaidar E. T. Economic reforms and hierarchical structures. Rep. ed. Shatalin S.S., USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of Economics and Forecasting of Scientific and Technological Progress. - M.: Science. 1990. - 224 p.

Gaidar E.T. Conversations with voters. - M.: Russia's Democratic Choice - Eurasia, (1995). - 64 pp., 50,000 copies.

Gaidar E. T. State and evolution. - M.: Eurasia, 1995. - 208 pp., 25,000 copies. + 10,000 copies

Gaidar E.T. Notes from the audience. - M.: Eurasia, 1995. - 80 pp., 10,000 copies. + 50,000 copies.

Gaidar E. T. State and evolution. - St. Petersburg: Norma, 1997.

Gaidar E. T. Days of defeats and victories. - M.: Alpina Publisher, 2014.

Gaidar E. T. Days of defeats and victories. - M.: Vagrius, 1996. - 368 pp., 10,000 copies.

Gaidar E. T. Days of defeats and victories. - M.: Vagrius, 1997. - 368 pp., 15,000 copies.

Gaidar E. T. Anomalies of economic growth. - M.: Eurasia, 1997. - 216 p.

Gaidar E.T. For a long time. Russia in the world: essays on economic history. - M.: Delo, 2005. - 656 p.

Gaidar E. T. Death of the Empire. Lessons for modern Russia. - M.: “Russian Political Encyclopedia”, 2006 (2nd ed., 2007). - 448 p.

Gaidar E. T., Chubais A. B. Economic notes. - M.: “Russian Political Encyclopedia”, 2008. - 192 pp., 1,000 copies.

Gaidar E.T. Power and property: Troubles and institutions. State and evolution. - St. Petersburg: Norma, 2009. - 336 p.

Gaidar E. T., Chubais A. B. Razvilki modern history Russia. - St. Petersburg: Norma, 2011. - 168 p.

Memory of Yegor Gaidar

According to Decree of the President of Russia No. 601 of May 14, 2010, the Institute for the Economy in Transition received the name of its founder: Yegor Timurovich Gaidar.

In 2010, the Yegor Gaidar Foundation was established, the main objectives of which are: studying and popularizing the legacy of Yegor Gaidar, implementing educational programs, awarding prizes and grants for achievements in the field economic theory and practice.

In September 2010, a monument to Yegor Gaidar was unveiled in the building of the Higher School of Economics (SU-HSE) on Pokrovsky Boulevard.

In December 2010, on the anniversary of his death, a monument by architect Vyacheslav Bakhaev and sculptor Andrei Balashov was unveiled at the grave.

In 2010, the Economic Gaidar Forum was established, which is held annually at the RANEPA in Moscow.

In 2011, secondary school with in-depth study of economics No. 1301 was named after Yegor Gaidar.

In November 2013, a monument to Yegor Gaidar was unveiled in Moscow. The monument was installed at the entrance to the Library of Foreign Literature on Nikoloyamskaya Street, building 1. The author of the monument is sculptor Georgy Frangulyan.

In culture:

In 2012, philologist Marietta Chudakova released a biography of Yegor Gaidar for “smart people from ten to sixteen years old. And also for those adults who want to finally understand what they failed to understand before they were 16.”

In fiction

Yegor Gaidar, together with Boris Berezovsky, is the hero of Boris Akunin's story “Gifts of Limousines”.

Yegor Gaidar is the hero of Mikhail Weller’s story “Gaidar’s Birthday” from the collection “Legends of Arbat” (2009).

Documentaries

"Yegor Gaidar. A Long Time", dir. Pavel Sheremet, Dmitry Salun, 52 min., 2010

“13 months of Yegor Gaidar”, dir. Nikolai Svanidze, Marina Svanidze, 44 min., 2010

"Yegor Gaidar. Damned Days", dir. Pavel Sheremet, 51 min., 2011

Yegor Gaidar's family

Father - Timur Gaidar, Russian writer, military man.
Mother - Ariadna Pavlovna Bazhova.

The first wife is Irina Smirnova (the marriage took place while studying at the university).
Son - Peter (born 1979).
Daughter - Maria (born 1982), who remained after a divorce from her mother, and from 8 to 18 years old bore the surname Smirnova. Economist, politician. In the past, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Kirov Region, Deputy Head of the Odessa Regional State Administration of Ukraine.
Maria's grandson is Peter, an entrepreneur.

The second wife is Maria Strugatskaya, the daughter of the writer Arkady Strugatsky and Elena Ilyinichna Oshanina.
Son - Pavel (born 1990).

Maria has a son from her first marriage - Ivan Vladimirovich Strugatsky.

16.12.2009

Gaidar Egor Timurovich

Liberal Reformer

Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (1993-1996; 1999)

Acting Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation (1992)

Minister of Economy and Finance of the Russian Federation (1991-1992)

Doctor of Economic Sciences

Political figure

Yegor Gaidar was born on March 19, 1956 in Moscow. The boy was born into the family of Rear Admiral Timur Gaidar and historian Ariadna Bazhova. In addition, he was the grandson of Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov, no less famous writers. In the early 1960s, due to his father’s work, he lived in Cuba, and since 1966 in Yugoslavia.

It was at this time that Yegor first began to become interested in the economic problems of reforms. Also, he was actively involved in chess, was interested in philosophy and history, and independently studied the works of the classics of Marxism. In 1971, the family returned to Moscow. After graduating from school in 1973, he entered the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, and then entered graduate school at the same university.

In 1980, Gaidar defended his Ph.D. thesis and was assigned to the All-Union Research Institute for System Research at the Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, where he remained for six years. Here, the main area of ​​his research was a comparative analysis of economic reforms in the countries of the socialist camp and the development of projects for economic reforms. Even then, Yegor Timurovich concluded that the economy Soviet Union is in a serious condition and its problems can only be solved by launching market mechanisms.

In 1983, he met Anatoly Borisovich Chubais, the informal leader of the St. Petersburg group of economists. From 1983 to 1985, Yegor Gaidar was an expert at the State Commission on the Possibilities of Economic Reforms. In 1986, he became a senior and then leading researcher at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of Scientific and Technological Progress of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.

Since the late 1980s, Gaidar has been actively involved in journalism. Thus, from 1987, for three years, he served as editor and then head of the economics department of the Kommunist magazine and the Pravda newspaper. In 1990, having defended his doctoral dissertation, he created the Institute of Economic Policy of the Academy of National Economy of the Soviet Union, which he headed.

A new stage in Gaidar’s life began after the August 1991 coup, when Yegor Timurovich met Secretary of State Gennady Burbulis, joining the defenders of the White House. It was Burbulis who soon convinced Boris Yeltsin to entrust Gaidar’s team with developing a program for implementing reforms in the country.

In October of the same year, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin decided to form a government of reformers based on the team of Gaidar, who was appointed to the post of Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government for Economic Policy, Minister of Economy and Finance. In December 1991, Yegor Timurovich participated in negotiations in Belovezhskaya Pushcha and prepared the text of the Agreement on the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

As the head of the “government of reformers,” Gaidar took an active part in creating the privatization program and implementing it in practice. Also known as the author of the "shock therapy" policy. Under his leadership, market reforms of the economy were launched, retail prices were liberalized, freedom of foreign trade was introduced, agrarian reform and restructuring of the fuel and energy complex began.

Despite the opposition of political opponents, Gaidar became one of the key participants in the reforms that changed the economic system in Russia. But he is also blamed for the population’s loss of savings in Sberbank. All this caused a confrontation between people's deputies. After in December 1992, deputies supported the candidacy of Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin for the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers, which was vacant, Gaidar was dismissed from all posts in the Government of the country.

Over the next year, he was director of the Institute for Economic Problems in Transition and a consultant to the President of the Russian Federation on economic policy issues. For the second time, Yegor Gaidar returned to the government of the country in September 1993, when he was appointed to the post of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, shortly before the turbulent events of October 1993.

The refusal of the Congress of People's Deputies to approve Yegor Timurovich Gaidar as head of the Council of Ministers was one of the reasons for the start political crisis, which continued until the end of 1993. To the president’s proposal to return to the government as first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers, Gaidar agreed, and on September 16, 1993, his appointment was announced. Already on September 18, the corresponding Decree was issued.

Three days later, on September 21, 1993, Presidential Decree No. 1400 “On phased constitutional reform in Russia” was issued, which led to the forceful dispersal of the Congress of People’s Deputies and the Supreme Council, the end of “dual power” and the liquidation of the Soviet system.

After the Supreme Council and the Congress of People's Deputies refused to obey the decree on their dissolution, the building of the Supreme Council was cordoned off and blocked by troops and police. Gaidar was one of the initiators of establishing a blockade of the parliament building, turning off all life support and communication systems in it, and preventing representatives of the Supreme Council from appearing on television.

On October 3, 1993, supporters of the Supreme Council took control of the Moscow City Hall building adjacent to the House of Soviets and tried to enter the Ostankino television center, where a shootout began with the Vityaz special forces guarding the building. On the night of October 4, 1993, Gaidar appeared on television calling for Muscovites come to the Moscow City Council to defend the president.

In the same year, Gaidar headed the election bloc “Russia’s Choice,” which united supporters of continuing market economic reforms, and soon became the acting Minister of Economy of Russia. In this post, he continued to pursue a policy of reducing inflation and tightening budget and monetary policies. In December 1993, as a result of elections, he became a deputy of the State Duma of Russia.

With the start of his parliamentary career, Gaidar left the government, but retained influence on subsequent cabinets of ministers and contributed to the implementation of many significant reforms in the country. As a member of the Budget and Taxes Committee, he took part in the development of the Tax and Budget Codes, legislation on the Stabilization Fund. Also, since 1994, for seven years he served as chairman of the Democratic Choice of Russia party, a member of the board of directors of VimpelCom OJSC, and the founder and first president of the All-Russian Association of Privatized and Private Enterprises.

After the start of the First Chechen war Gaidar took an active anti-war position, holding rallies and actions, which is why he became in opposition to President Yeltsin.

On May 20, 2000, he became co-chairman of the all-Russian political public organization “Union of Right Forces,” established on the basis of the electoral bloc of the same name. A year later, on May 26, 2001, Gaidar was elected co-chairman of the Union of Right Forces, formed by uniting the movements and parties included in the Union of Rightist Forces.

Egor Timurovich On December 14, 2001, a co-chairman was elected political party“Union of Right Forces”, formed on the basis of the all-Russian political public organization of the same name. At the end of 2003, Yegor Gaidar left the leadership of the SPS, remaining an ordinary member of the party. In October 2008, he left the SPS party.

In recent years, he headed the Institute for the Economy in Transition, held positions in foreign organizations, and was one of the founders of the journal “Bulletin of Europe: XXI Century”.

Yegor Gaidar was a co-author of the books “Cost accounting and development of economic independence of enterprises”, “Economic reform: reasons, directions, problems”. Author of monographs: “Economic reforms and hierarchical structures”, “State and evolution”, “Anomalies of economic growth”, “Days of defeats and victories”, “Long time. Russia in the world. Essays on economic history", "Power and property: Troubles and institutions. State and evolution". In total, the economist had more than a hundred publications in Russian and foreign publications.

Yegor Timurovich Gaidar died this morning December 16, 2009 in his house in the village of Uspenskoye, Moscow region. The cause of death was pulmonary edema due to a heart attack. Russian politician buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in the capital.

Yegor Gaidar Awards

In 2006, “for outstanding services in conducting a comparative analysis of economic evolution,” he was awarded the International Leontief Medal. The medal is awarded annually by the Public Awards Committee at the Leontief Center.