Types of filtering gas masks. Types of gas masks and their use. The check begins with an external inspection of the gas mask
It is usually possible to replace the filter element.
· insulating- generation of a respiratory mixture, that is, the respiratory organs breathe not with the surrounding air, but with the air generated by the regenerative cartridge and the oxygen enrichment system.
· hose- supply of air mixture from some distance (10-40 meters), usually used when working in containers.
First in Russian Empire hose gas masks were used when gilding the domes of St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg in 1838-1841. They were glass bells with a hose through which air was supplied, but they did not save them from poisoning; 60 craftsmen died. Apparently, there was no skin protection through which high concentrations of mercury vapor could be absorbed. The world's first filtering coal gas mask, invented in the Russian Empire by the Russian scientist Nikolai Dmitrievich Zelinsky in 1915, was adopted by the Entente army in 1916. The main sorbing material in it was activated carbon. See Essay on the development of the Russian gas mask 1914-1918,
Structure of a gas mask
· Rubber helmet-mask
· Filter box
Spectacle knot
· Fairings
Respirator
· Valve box (one valve for inhalation, two valves for exhalation (but not always))
· Connecting tube (not available on all models)
· Some gas masks contain an intercom membrane
· Some gas masks are equipped with drinking devices (via a rubber tube)
· Some gas masks are equipped with a device that allows you to wipe the glass from the face side
Using a gas mask
The gas mask is used as independent remedy personal protection, and in combination with other means (for example L-1, OZK, and (OKZK)
The gas mask is worn in the following positions:
Position No. 1 - Marching: The gas mask is located in the bag on the left side and at waist level. All buttons are fastened.
Position No. 2 - Ready: If there is a threat of infection. At the command “Attention!” you need to move the gas mask bag onto your stomach and unfasten the buttons.
Position No. 3 - Combat: On command: “Gas!” put on a gas mask.
The procedure for putting on a gas mask:
1. On the command “Gas!” hold your breath without inhaling air.
2. Close your eyes.
3. Remove the gas mask from the gas mask bag, taking out the gas mask with your left hand and holding the bag from below with your right hand.
4. Pull the valve out of the filter.
5. Before putting on a gas mask, place your thumbs on the outside and the rest on the inside.
6. Place the bottom part of the helmet mask on your chin.
7. Pull the gas mask sharply over your head from bottom to top.
8. Exhale.
9. It is necessary that no folds form afterwards; the spectacle assembly should be located at eye level.
10. Place the bag on its side.
Removal:
1. On the command “Hang up!” take your index fingers under the ears and pull up from the bottom.
2. Put the gas mask in the gas mask bag.
3. Fasten the buttons
Marking and purpose of gas installation filters
Efficiency classes
Note 1 to classes: filters for special gases and type AX are not marked with a class; they may be marked with additional conditions. For example, a filter against CO is designated as a CO number, where the number is the maximum weight in grams, after which the filter is changed.
Class Note 2: For aerosols the classes are as follows:
1 - Coarse dust,
2 - Dust, smoke, fog,
3 - Fine mist, suspended matter, smoke, bacteria, viruses.
Note 3 to classes: Classes are written immediately after the designation harmful substances.
List and purpose of various brands of filter elements for gas protective protective equipment, adopted in our country in accordance with the new standard, harmonized with EU standards. They differ in color and letter marking.
| Filter element brand | Distinctive coloring | Harmful substances from which protection is provided |
|---|---|---|
| Aerosols (dust, smoke, fog), bacteria and viruses |
||
| Brown | Organic vapors and gases with a boiling point > 65 °C |
|
| Inorganic gases (chlorine, fluorine, bromine, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, cyanogen chloride, halogens), except CO |
||
| Acid gases and nitric acid vapors |
||
| Ammonia and amines |
||
| Nitrogen oxides |
||
| Organic mercury compounds, mercury vapor |
||
| Brown | Organic vapors with boiling point< 65°С |
|
| Purple | From special substances (sarin, soman, phosgene and others) |
|
| Orange | Radioactive iodine, radioactive methyl iodide and radioactive particles |
|
| Purple | Carbon monoxide (CO), numbers indicate the maximum permissible increase in filter weight |
Note on symbols:
Filters can protect from one type of harmful substances, or from several, in almost any combination.
Example 1: A2B2E1K1P3 - protects against organic gases and vapors with a boiling point of more than 65 degrees, at a concentration of up to 0.5% vol., Inorganic gases, except carbon dioxide at a concentration of up to 0.5% vol., acidic vapors at a concentration of up to 0, 1% vol., ammonia and amines at concentrations up to 0.1% vol., as well as from fine aerosols, bacteria and viruses. Available in the following colors: brown, gray, yellow, green and white
Example 2: A2B3E2 - protects against organic gases and vapors with a boiling point of more than 65 degrees, at a concentration of up to 0.5% vol., Inorganic gases, except carbon dioxide at a concentration of up to 1% vol., acid vapors at a concentration of up to 0.5% about. It has the following colors: brown, gray, yellow.
| Substance | Filter brand | Notes (see end of table) |
|---|---|---|
| 1, 2 dichloroethane | ||
| 2-nitropropane | ||
| 2-propanol | ||
| adipic acid | ||
| Nitric acid | ||
| acrylamide | ||
| acrylonitrile | ||
| acrolein | ||
| aliphatic naphtha | ||
| allylamine | ||
| allylic alcohol | ||
| amyl acetate | ||
| aromatic naphtha | ||
| acetaldehyde | ||
| acetamide | ||
| acetyl chloride | ||
| banzaldehyde | ||
| benzyl chloride | ||
| benzotriazole | ||
| beryllium | ||
| butyl acetate | ||
| butyraldehyde | ||
| vinyl acetate | ||
| vinyltoluene | ||
| hydrazine | ||
| antimony hydride | ||
| potassium hydroxide | ||
| sodium hydroxide | ||
| hydroquinone | ||
| sodium hypochlorite | ||
| gluturaldehyde | ||
| diacetone alcohol | ||
| diglycidyl ether | ||
| dimethyl sulfate | ||
| dimethylformamide | ||
| silica | ||
| sulfur dioxide | ||
| chlorine dioxide | ||
| chlorine dioxide | ||
| carbon disulfide | ||
| isopropyl alcohol | ||
| isophorone | ||
| sodium carbonate | ||
| cobalt (dust and smoke) | ||
| antifouling paint | ||
| fluorosilicic acid | ||
| maleic anhydride | ||
| manganese | ||
| methyl acrylate | ||
| methylamine | ||
| methyl bromide | ||
| methylene diphenyl isocyanate | ||
| methyl isobutyl ketone | ||
| methyl iodide | ||
| methyl methacrylate | ||
| methyl alcohol | ||
| methyl chloride | ||
| methyl chloroform | ||
| methyl ethyl ketone | ||
| monomethylamine | ||
| glycol monomethyl ether | ||
| morpholine | ||
| formic acid | ||
| arsenic (not arsine) | ||
| nickel metal | ||
| silver nitrate | ||
| nitrobenzene | ||
| nitroglycol | ||
| nitroglycerine | ||
| aluminium oxide | ||
| vanadium oxide (dust) | ||
| iron oxide (smoke) | ||
| calcium oxide | ||
| zinc oxide (smoke) | ||
| ethylene oxide | ||
| organic peroxides | ||
| pentachlorophenol | ||
| sodium perborate | ||
| potassium permanganate | ||
| perchlorethylene | ||
| piperazine | ||
| piperidine | ||
| hydrofluoric acid | ||
| polychlorinated biphenyl | ||
| propionic acid | ||
| inert dust | ||
| mercury (steam) | ||
| p-phenylenediamine | ||
| lead (dust and smoke) | ||
| hydrogen selenide | ||
| sulfuric acid (fog) | ||
| hydrogen sulfide | ||
| sodium silicate | ||
| hydrocyanic acid | ||
| hydrochloric acid | ||
| sulfamic acid | ||
| selenium sulfide | ||
| turpentine oil | ||
| tetrahydrofuran | ||
| tetramethyl lead | ||
| tetrachlorethylene | ||
| tetraethyl lead | ||
| tributyl phosphate | ||
| tridymite (silicon dioxide) | ||
| trimethylbenzene | ||
| trisodium phosphate | ||
| trichloroethane | ||
| trichlorethylene | ||
| White Spirit | ||
| acetic acid | ||
| acetic anhydride | ||
| formaldehyde | ||
| phosphoric acid (fog) | ||
| phthalic anhydride | ||
| sodium fluoride | ||
| furfural | ||
| cotton dust | ||
| aluminum chloride | ||
| benzoyl chloride | ||
| ferric chloride | ||
| methylene chloride | ||
| zinc chloride (smoke) | ||
| allyl chloride | ||
| vinyl chloride | ||
| vinylidene chloride | ||
| perchloric acid | ||
| chloroprene | ||
| chromic acid | ||
| cyanide (as CN) | ||
| cyclohexane | ||
| cyclohexanol | ||
| carbon tetrachloride | ||
| oxalic acid | ||
| epichlorohydrin | ||
| ethyl acrylate | ||
| ethyl acetate | ||
| ethyl bromide | ||
| ethylene glycol | ||
| ethylenediamine | ||
| ethylenediamine tetraacetate | ||
| ethyl ether | ||
| ethyl chloride |
Note:
1. Combination filters must be used
2. The maximum time of use of combined filters for protection against mercury vapor is 50 hours
3. You should use a full face mask
4. Oncogenic
5. Absorbs into skin
6. Considered a sensitizer (a substance introduced into the phytolayer).
Particle shapes:
· radioactive particles appear as a result of radiation
Dust consists of organic and inorganic solids found in the air (minerals, metals, coal, wood, fiber, etc.)
Starting from school, every person was at least approximately familiar with a gas mask. The device was first used in 1915 during military operations - then one of the opponents used chemical weapons.
More than a hundred have now been developed various options models of this protective device, having different purposes and differing in the time of their operation. We will analyze the most popular and modern models of gas masks: how they work, structural features, layout, composition, differences from each other, purpose.
Regardless of the model, this device is designed to to protect the respiratory system, organs of vision, facial skin from radioactive substances, toxic or bacterial agents.
These dangerous impurities come in the air and take the form of steam, aerosol or gas. According to the principle of operation, gas masks for the respiratory system are divided into filtering and isolating models.
Filtering gas masks are designed to protect the lungs from incoming harmful impurities by trapping them in special materials.
The latter completely limit access to the respiratory system to ambient air. The supply of oxygen to gas masks of the IP type is ensured using a special cartridge built into it.
Components of filter models
In this section, we will analyze in detail the device, purpose, principle of operation, types, composition and main parts of the filter gas mask. The device is not capable of saturating the air inhaled by a person with oxygen, so it is use limited to atmospheric conditions containing at least 17% oxygen.
The main components of a gas mask are the front part and the gas box. Both of these parts are connected to each other.
Also included with this device are:
- Gas bag.
- A special anti-fog film that prevents perspiration from appearing on the lenses of glasses.
- Membranes designed for negotiations.
- Cover for gas mask box, knitted, hydrophobic.
- Warming cuffs.
The helmet-mask or, in other words, the front part is made of gray or black rubber. The helmet is represented by the following components:
- body;
- glasses assembly;
- flowing part;
- valve box;
- negotiation device.
Gas box can purify air from aerosols and vapors. In the first case, this is carried out due to an anti-aerosol filter, in the second - thanks to a carbon catalyst with an absorbing surface.
The gas box is a housing with a bottom and a special lid. During storage, it is sealed with a rubber stopper and a metal cap, also with rubber gasket. The body has a cylindrical shape and is made of metal.
Insulating cuffs are necessary in the cold season to prevent the spectacle unit from freezing under the influence of low temperatures. The valve box is responsible for air distribution: inhaled/exhaled.
The fairings are shaped like air ducts. Their main purpose is cleaning the spectacle unit with air, entering the gas mask.
The negotiation device can have several variations:
- The design does not require disassembly. Such a mechanism is added to the gas mask at the factory.
- The structure can be disassembled. It is represented by a body, a rubber and support ring, a membrane, a flange, and a lid.
In the case of a dismountable device for negotiations, the protective mask includes additional safety membranes intended for the front part of the protective device.
Filtering gas masks are very common; you can stay in them for 12 hours at a time.
Design and principle of operation of insulating
Now let's look at the insulating gas mask: its design, purpose, types, composition, principle of operation, application, where it is used.
The operating principle of such a device is based on the fact that a person breathes purified air inside the device, prepared in advance. Such a device is equipped with a large air tank, reminiscent of a diver's oxygen tank.
He is also equipped with a mask. Its remaining components are presented:
- cartridge for air regeneration;
- breathing bag;
- pipe connection system;
- valve responsible for excess pressure.
The breathing bag together with the cartridge for air regeneration are located in a frame specially designed for them.
Comes with a gas mask membranes for negotiations, anti-fog films for glasses, cuffs for reinforcement.
Among insulating gas masks there are subtypes:
- Gas masks containing compressed oxygen and the same air in capsules.
- Gas masks containing oxygen, which is chemically bound. It begins its activation upon interaction carbon dioxide with water.
- Hose. For them, the air for inhalation is released from a special purified zone.
The obvious disadvantage of an insulating gas mask is that it limited time use: applied no more than three hours. Another disadvantage: it is quite difficult to move with it; together with the cylinder and all the additional ammunition, it weighs more than one kilogram.
Impact on human body electric current can be extremely negative, even to the point of instant clinical death. We will tell you what will help you avoid injuries in a special article.
Do you know why anti-vibration gloves are needed and what they protect against? Find out the details in this.
Currently, a huge number of types of gloves are produced, intended for use in different conditions. Find out everything about rubberized gloves from this article.
What to pay attention to before use
Immediately before using personal protective equipment (PPE), it is necessary to thoroughly check the integrity of the gas mask components and their functional suitability.
The check starts with external examination gas mask:
The use of other people's protective equipment and their use without prior technical control are prohibited.
Naturally, each of the gas masks we examined has its own advantages and disadvantages: it all depends on the purpose of their use. It should be a priority for any person to gain knowledge about the design of a gas mask and the principle of its protective action, purpose and procedure for use, because someday the information will come in handy in critical situations and help save your health and life!
A filter gas mask protects the human body from the ingress of toxic substances from the atmosphere by filtering polluted air. Due to the fact that these only purify the air of harmful impurities, these devices can only be used if there is at least 17% oxygen in the atmosphere.
Checking filter gas masks
Before direct use, each gas mask needs to be checked both visually and for serviceability.
The first step is an external inspection of all parts of the gas mask. Having taken the device out of the bag, you need to make sure that all its components are present and intact. The rubber mask should not have punctures, cuts, scratches, the spectacle units should be free of cracks and chips, the valve and filter boxes should also be free of dents, holes and other damage. On metal parts There should be no corrosion or rust. It is also worth checking the presence of all valves in the valve box, the serviceability of the headband straps of the helmet mask, and the tightness of the connection tube to the front part. The gas mask bag must also be checked for integrity and the presence of all straps, fasteners, waist tape, and wooden pads.
After you make sure that all parts of the filter gas mask are present and have no mechanical damage, you need to check the tightness of the front part. To do this, while wearing a mask, you should tightly hold the bottom of the filter box with your palm and try to take a deep breath. If the mask fits tightly to your face, you will not be able to inhale. If air still leaks into the space under the mask, then it is necessary to once again inspect the components of the gas mask for contamination or any malfunctions. Also, you should pay special attention if air passes under the mask in the area of the temples - this indicates that the size of the gas mask is incorrectly selected. In this case, a smaller device should be used.
More effective tests of filter gas masks are carried out in specially equipped chambers, or tents, filled with vapors or aerosols of an irritating substance.
How to put on a filter gas mask
Occurs at the command “gases”, after notification of the occurrence of atmospheric contamination, or upon independent detection of this kind of danger.
Putting on a gas mask is carried out in the following sequence:
1 – close your eyes, hold your breath
2 – if necessary, remove the headdress
3 – remove the gas mask from the bag
4 – put on the gas mask, taking it by the lower part so that only your thumbs remain outside, place the lower part under the chin and with a sharp movement pull the mask onto your head 5 – check the tightness of the mask, remove any folds that have formed (if necessary, repeat the procedure for pulling the mask ) 6 – exhale, open your eyes, restore your breathing
If any part of the gas mask is damaged, either the element or the device itself must be replaced. When replacing a filter gas mask during its operation, it is necessary to prepare a new gas mask for quick donning, hold your breath and close your eyes, remove the damaged device, quickly put on a new one, open your eyes, and restore breathing. If the connecting tube of the gas mask is damaged, then you also need to close your eyes and hold your breath, disconnect the gas mask tube, connect the filter directly to the front part (to the valve box), open the gas, and restore breathing. If damage has formed on the mask, then the breakout points must be pressed tightly with the palm of your hand and not released until you leave the contaminated area. With more serious damage masks, you need to close your eyes and hold your breath, remove the mask, disconnect the connecting tube from it along with the filter, take the end of the tube in your mouth, pinch your nose with your fingers, breathe through your mouth without opening your eyes. Stay in this state until assistance is provided or leaving the contaminated area.
Storing a filter gas mask
Any gas mask must be protected from any kind of damage. There is no need to unnecessarily disassemble it and remove the valves from the box. It is important to protect the filter box from moisture, from dents, to prevent rust from appearing on metal parts, and to protect the membranes of the intercom from dust.
After using a filter gas mask in the rain, it must be thoroughly dried, as well as the gas mask bag. When using a gas mask in the cold, it is better to carry it under outer clothing to avoid deformation of the rubber mask. When moving the device from a cold to a warm room, you should avoid the appearance of condensation on the glass by wiping it with a dry cloth. When wiping the front part with a damp cloth, the filter box must be removed so that moisture does not get into it. Exposure to dampness can lead to rust formation and filter malfunction. Filter gas masks should be stored in a gas mask bag, assembled, away from any kind of heating devices. If it is expected to last for a long time, then the bottom of the filter box must be closed with a rubber stopper.
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Using a gas mask in case of fire - application features, classification
The main cause of human casualties in a fire is not thermal effects - burns, but poisoning by toxic combustion products and especially carbon monoxide. During an intense fire in a room with concentrated smoke, the amount of oxygen is reduced to 10-15% of the standard level necessary to maintain the vital functions of the human body.
Consequently, the use of conventional gas masks or respiratory protection by mechanical filtration (respirators of all types) is not only useless, but also not recommended. They can only be used in the event of a fire in an open area or in a room with big amount window and doorways if there is a combustion of materials that release toxic substances.
Ordinary civil and industrial gas masks do not protect against the critical effects of carbon monoxide on the body.
You can get acquainted with the full range of gas masks and place an order at reasonable prices by going to.
Types of gas masks
The following types of gas masks are currently available to the civilian population:
Civil- They differ from military samples in cheaper materials of manufacture. Must be issued by civil defense centers in the event of an emergency - a man-made disaster or natural disaster, the main factors of which are poisonous gases. In most cases, citizens purchase them on their own in specialized stores. The effectiveness of this personal protective equipment is directly dependent on the type of filter element that is used.
Industrial- used in an enterprise with hazardous working conditions, where the potential danger of the production process has a high probability of an accident with the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Such devices are more expensive; some models are designed for long-term wear. Industrial gas masks have many design options, different types of masks and mounting locations for filter elements.
According to the method of protection against toxic substances, gas masks are divided into filtering and insulating.
- Insulating gas masks- are universal means personal protection. The main difference and advantage over filters is that the owner is completely isolated from the outside air. Insulating gas masks are divided into two types:
Filtering gas masks- use a special container into which a mechanical filter or chemical reagents are inserted. The cheapest models use an activated carbon reagent with preliminary air purification from solid particles using fiber filters. Typically, such devices are used in industrial models, since a certain type of threat can be foreseen in advance. The protection time depends on the concentration of the toxic substance in the air and can range from several hours to several days. What gas masks protect against certain combustion products, but not against carbon monoxide.
Devices based compressed air or oxygen. The main element of such a means of protection is an oxygen cylinder under a pressure of 150 atmospheres.
The design provides for a special bag with a volume of 5 liters. Into which oxygen enters through a pressure-reducing valve. In addition, there is a special cartridge with a chemical reagent that absorbs exhaled CO2. Duration of use up to 2 hours. Insulating gas masks based on compressed air have more simple design, similar to the design of a scuba tank. The exhaust air is exhaled into the atmosphere. Such devices have a shorter service life on one refill of 30-60 minutes.
Regenerative-type insulating gas masks contain cartridges filled with chemical compounds containing oxygen in a bound state. When CO2 and water vapor enter the cartridge, chemical reaction released oxygen. The duration of use of one registration cartridge can be 1-5 hours, depending on the intensity of physical activity.
Based on the location where the filter element is attached, one can distinguish between a hose gas mask and one that is attached to a face mask.
Main functional elements
Helmet mask(1) - can have different sizes: quarter face, half face, full size;
Valve device(4.6) - depending on the design, it has one valve configured for inhalation and several designed to remove used air;
Intercom(5) (optional) - some models intended for long-term wear have a mesh membrane framed in metal. This maintains a sufficient level of tightness and allows you to communicate clearly without expending additional effort;
Cowl(7) - a device that directs the flow of exhaled air so that the inner surface of the viewing glasses fogs up less;
Connecting hose- used in models of hose gas masks. Designed for more convenient placement of an oversized filter box;
Filter box(2.3) - a metal box with layers of filtering and absorbent materials placed inside;
Device for drinking liquid(optional) some models of industrial gas masks are supplied for long-term wearing.
Hopcalite cartridge
Filter – specially designed to protect against carbon monoxide.
Can be used as a protective element of gas masks of several models starting from GP-5.
The hopcalite cartridge does not protect against other combustion products, so it must be used in combination with a standard gas mask filter.
The design of the cartridge involves its installation between the protective mask and the standard filter.
Brief overview of popular models (from the company)
– The civil gas mask GP-7VMB with a filter-absorbing box GP-7KB is intended for the protection of the civilian population of the country and for use by personnel of regular and non-standard emergency rescue units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. The civil gas mask GP-7VMB provides protection for the respiratory system, eyes and skin of a person’s face from aerosols, vapors and gases of toxic chemical warfare agents (BTCW), radioactive substances (RS) and biological aerosols (BA), as well as emergency chemically hazardous substances (HAS) , including ammonia and organic compounds with a boiling point less than 65C
The delivery kit for the civilian gas mask GP-7VMB includes:
1. front part (MGP-VM) - 1 pc.;
2. filter-absorbing box GP-7KB or GP-7BK - 1 pc.;
3. bag for wearing and storing a gas mask - 1 pc.;
4. anti-fog agent (film or gel) - 1 set;
5. clamping cords - 2 pcs. (only when equipped with films);
6. flask lid - 1 pc.;
7. instruction manual - 1 copy. to the container place (box);
8. passport - 1 copy. per batch or part thereof.
– An insulating gas mask is designed to protect the respiratory system, vision and skin of a person from any harmful impurities in the air, regardless of their concentration, as well as for work in conditions of lack of oxygen in the indoor air.
Gas masks IP-4M, IP-4MK are equipped with the front part of MIA-1 and have an intercom that allows negotiations using technical means.
Specifications:
- Time of protective action on land, min., not less;
When performing emergency rescue operations 45;
At rest (waiting for help) 180;
- Operating temperature range, C minus 40 ... plus 50;
- Overall dimensions of the gas mask placed in the bag, mm 340x165x290;
- Gas mask weight, kg, no more than 3.5
Gas masks are necessary to protect the eye area, respiratory organs and facial skin from the toxic effects of nerve gases and other toxic substances. Such compounds may be released into the air during military operations.
History of development individual funds protection goes back several centuries. Now there are new, improved gas masks used in various fields. Their classification includes many different modifications and types, in which to the common man It can be difficult to figure out.
In this article we will look at the most common types and models, understand their purpose, and consider distinctive features and provide information on how to use them correctly to obtain optimal protection.
Kinds
Modern protective devices look like a helmet - a mask with a special breathing element (filter or compressor). It should cover not only the face, but the entire head. The filter box is included in the mask itself in most models, but the compressor is attached to the belt. A hose is required to connect it to the helmet.
Such air filtration devices are mandatory equipment for civilian and military specialists whose activities involve toxic substances. In addition, gas masks are required for use during emergencies involving the release of chemical vapors.
According to the type of device and method of providing protection, gas masks are divided into 2 main types: filtering and insulating .
Filtering
Such air purification devices use a filter box that performs mechanical filtration. However, they are not universal and do not protect against all existing chemical threats. They need to be replaced after the specified period of use. The period depends on the degree of air pollution and the type of toxic substances. It often ranges from 10 minutes to several days. Read and see an example in our material.
Gas masks of this type are marked on the box, by which you can determine the type and degree of protection. Numerical symbols indicate the level of concentration of harmful compounds in the environment at which this gas mask will be able to provide protection.
For example, a device marked “1” can only be used if the vapor concentration is no more than 0.1%, that is, with a low level of contamination. The number “2” allows you to breathe without risk at a level of up to 0.5% concentration of toxic compounds.
Insulating
They come with a box with a compressor. This type is considered more reliable and provides optimal protection for any degree of contamination and types of toxic substances. It can be used in situations where there is a lack of oxygen in the air, for example when extinguishing a fire.
The main distinguishing feature from filtering protective equipment is that when breathing, it is not atmospheric and purified air that is used, but pure oxygen obtained from another device.
According to the method of obtaining air, insulating gas masks are divided into:
- Autonomous - a cylinder with a supply of compressed oxygen is used
- Hose - air is transmitted through a hose from a pipeline or other source
There are also combined versions of devices. They are especially in demand during emergencies. In this type, the main type of air supply is a hose, but there is also a cylinder that can be used if necessary.
Classification by application
Safety devices are used in a wide variety of applications. Based on this factor there are:
Military (army)
Specialized models are versatile and reliable. They are a mandatory element of the standard kit for equipping specialists not only in military service, but also on combat duty in emergency response units, such as the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
In modern military gas masks, it is extremely important that the employee can clearly hear orders and speak, so the mask itself has a sealed intercom. In addition, the ear part is freed from sealing to ensure optimal operation of intercom communications.
A distinctive feature is a longer service life compared to civilian models. Protective glasses for the eyes are covered with an additional film designed to protect against the negative effects of light radiation. Some military models may include an additional autonomous source of air.
Civil
You can purchase them yourself, and they are also issued by local authorities in case of a health hazard. Their price is quite affordable. Reliability is average. The design is not very different from military models.
Industrial
Used by employees and workers whose work activities involve contact with hazardous substances or vapors. Most often they are built into a protective suit.
Children's models
Suitable for younger children and adolescence. They are smaller in size. In addition, there are special models for infants (up to 1.5 years). They are rubber cameras with a reliable frame. The child is placed completely inside through special transparent holes. These devices are selected not only based on age, but the child’s height is also taken into account.
Modern models are varied, and you can choose the most convenient option for yourself. There are options with intercoms as well as wider eye lenses for a larger, clearer view. All models have good level moisture resistance.
Examples
