Main Botanical Garden named after. Tsitsin RAS: a unique reserve within the metropolis. Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences: where is it located? Photo How to get there from the metro
Tsitsin Nikolai Vasilievich - academician of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V.I. Lenin, director of the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
Born on December 6 (18), 1898 in Saratov in a peasant family. Russian. Graduated primary school. As a teenager he worked at a factory in Saratov.
During the Civil War, he was a military commissar, participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd) and battles on the Southern Front, and defended the Soviet Republic.
After the war, he graduated from the workers' faculty at the university in Saratov. In 1923-1927 he studied at the Saratov Institute Agriculture and land reclamation.
After graduating from the institute in 1927-1932, he worked at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Grain Farming of the South-East as a researcher. On the fields of this institute (Saratov Agricultural Experimental Station), being at the same time an agronomist of one of the departments of the grain state farm "Giant" in the Salsky district of the Rostov region, N.V. Tsitsin began to conduct experiments that subsequently led him to brilliant results.
From the very beginning, N.V. Tsitsin was interested in the problem of creating more productive varieties of the main food crop - wheat - based on distant hybridization. He crossed wheat with wheatgrass and became the first wheat-wheatgrass hybrid. He widely involved in crossing wild and cultivated plants that had gone through independent evolutionary paths that determined their genetic isolation. Research conducted by the scientist in this direction has made it possible to create new plant varieties.
Since 1932, N.V. Tsitsin worked as the head of the laboratory of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids at the Omsk Zonal Experimental Station, which was later reorganized into the Siberian Research Institute of Grain Farming (in 1936-1938 - director of the institute). Doctor of Agricultural Sciences (1936). Here the scientist created mid-early (with a shorter growing season) varieties of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids, characterized by high yields and a complex of other economically valuable traits. At the same time, new varieties of wheat were created that had a branched ear structure. Before this, only forms of spring durum wheat existed in nature. The scientist managed to create varieties of winter soft branched wheat, that is, forms that previously did not exist in nature at all. One of Tsitsin's pioneering works was the creation of multigrain forms of wheat with particularly high productivity.
In 1938-1949 and in 1954-1957, N.V. Tsitsin was the director of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (VSKhV) in Moscow; in 1938-1948 - Chairman of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Grains, Oilseeds and Herbs; in 1940-1949 - director of the Research Institute of Grain Farming in the Non-Black Earth Zone of the USSR; in 1940-1957 - head of the laboratory of remote hybridization of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1938-1948 - vice-president of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V.I. Lenin (VASKhNIL). Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1938.
IN post-war years N.V. Tsitsin created intermediate constant (stable in offspring) forms of wheat, which have a high protein content and compete in yield with the best standards of this crop. For the first time in the history of breeding and genetic science, he created completely the new kind wheat plant, of great scientific and practical importance - perennial wheat, named by him Triticum agropynotriticum. Tsitsin’s work on the creation of high-yielding lodging-resistant varieties and forms with shortened and filled straw was also of great practical importance.
The scientist and his collaborators successfully used polyploid forms of plants (containing several sets of chromosomes in cells) in breeding. In particular, a tetraploid variety of winter rye “Start” was created, which had high winter hardiness and productivity. Particularly interesting is the work of Tsitsin and his students on the hybridization of wheat, rye and barley with elymus (giant, sandy and soft). Based on 29 combinations of crossing soft and durum wheat with three types of elimus, 7 generations of wheat-elimus hybrids were obtained. In 1968-1969, in the process of hybridization of wheat with soft elymus, highly productive constant 42-chromosome hybrids were isolated for the first time. They were distinguished by their large ears and grains, containing over 20 percent protein and more than 40 percent gluten.
In 1945-1980, N.V. Tsitsin was the director of the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences (GBS AS USSR), organized with his participation, chairman of the Council of Botanical Gardens of the USSR (1953-1980), academician-secretary of the Department of Plant Growing and Breeding of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1966- 1968), President (1969-1975), Vice-President (1975-1980) of the International Association of Botanical Gardens.
Under the leadership of N.V. Tsitsin, all landscape and construction works for the development of VSKhV/VDNKh of the USSR and GBS. He was the initiator of organizing expeditions around the country to collect plants for the botanical garden. Since 1947, Tsitsin collected a scientific library, in the funds of which already in 1952 there were 55 thousand books, including rare copies of the 16th-19th centuries in Russian and foreign languages. Since 1948, Tsitsin began publishing the “Bulletin of the Main Botanical Garden”. Of the 200 bulletins issued from 1 to 120, he was the responsible editor. Under his leadership, an arboretum, one of the largest in Europe, was created on 75 hectares. During its existence, 2,500 species of woody plants were tested there. Of these, 1,800 were selected as completely sustainable, and of these, in turn, about 600 were recommended for landscaping in Moscow.
In 1952, on the initiative of N.V. Tsitsin, a network of botanical gardens of the USSR was created, and the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences became a kind of national coordinating and methodological center. The same year the greenhouse opened. By 1953, Tsitsin had completely completed the exhibition of the flora department, and by 1954, on the day of the second birth of VSKhV/VDNKh, the garden of continuous flowering, the garden coastal plants and a collectible rose garden. In the village of Snegiri, Istrinsky district, Moscow region, Tsitsin organized an experimental garden farming on almost 1.5 thousand hectares.
July 28, 1959 Botanical Garden was open to visitors. By the 1970s, all the main exhibitions of the garden were finally completed, and collection areas of geographical landscapes were created in the flora department. The garden under the leadership of N.V. Tsitsin became one of the largest in Europe. His collections included more than 20 thousand plant taxa (about 17 thousand were exhibited).
By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 17, 1968 for outstanding services in the development of biological and agricultural sciences and in connection with the seventieth anniversary of his birth Tsitsin Nikolai Vasilievich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 15, 1978, for outstanding services in the development of Soviet science and in connection with his eightieth birthday, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal “Hammer and Sickle.” Became twice Hero of Socialist Labor.
Delegate to the 20th Congress of the CPSU (1956). Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 1st (1937-1946), 3rd-4th convocations (1950-1958).
Honorary foreign member of 8 foreign academies. He was president, chairman, and member of a number of domestic and foreign scientific organizations. President (1958-1970) and vice-president (since 1970) of the Soviet-Indian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations. More than 700 published scientific works, including 46 books and brochures. Has 8 copyright certificates for inventions. Many works have been published abroad.
Awarded 7 Orders of Lenin (12/30/1935; 06/10/1945; 11/10/1945; 11/19/1953; 12/17/1968; 09/17/1975; 12/15/1978), Orders of the October Revolution (12/18/1973), Labor Red Banner (11/16/1939 ), medals, including “For Military Merit” (10/28/1967), the gold medal named after I.V. Michurin, the French Order of Merit in the Field of Agriculture (1959). Laureate of the Lenin (1978) and Stalin 2nd degree (1943) USSR Prizes.
The name of N.V. Tsitsin was given to the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Essays:
Distant hybridization of plants, M., 1954;
The problem of winter and perennial wheat, M., 1935;
What will cross wheat with wheatgrass yield? M., 1937;
Research in the field of vegetative-sexual hybridization herbaceous plants with wood;
Proceedings of the Zonal Institute of Grain Farming of the Non-Black Earth Zone of the USSR, 1946;
Ways to create new cultivated plants, M., 1948;
The role of science and advanced practice in the rise of grain farming, M., 1954;
Perennial wheat, M., 1978;
Theory and practice of remote hybridization, M., 1981.
USSR Academy of Sciences (1939), VASKhNIL (1938; vice-president in 1938-1948). Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978); Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1978) and the Stalin Prize of the second degree (1943).
Biography
Born on December 18, 1898 in Saratov. Coming from a poor peasant family, as a teenager he worked at a factory in Saratov.
During the civil war, Nikolai Vasilyevich was a military commissar, defending the Soviet Republic with arms in his hands. The Soviet government opened the path to education for young workers. He studied at the workers' faculty, and then at the Saratov Agricultural Institute.
Graduated from the Saratov Institute of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (1927).
After graduating from the institute, he worked at the Saratov Agricultural Experiment Station. Communication with such outstanding breeders as N. G. Meister, A. P. Shekhurdin, P. N. Konstantinov determined the further direction of the young scientist’s work. From the very beginning, he was interested in the problem of creating more productive varieties of the main food crop - wheat - based on distant hybridization. Working as an agronomist at one of the departments of the grain state farm "Giant" in the Salsky district of the Rostov region, Tsitsin crossed wheat with wheatgrass and for the first time obtained a wheat-wheatgrass hybrid, which was the beginning of his work in this direction. He widely involved in crossing wild and cultivated plants that had gone through independent evolutionary paths that determined their genetic isolation. Research conducted by scientists in this direction has made it possible to create new plant varieties.
In 1931-1937 he was the head of the laboratory of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids he organized, in 1938-1948 he was the chairman of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops at the USSR Ministry of Agriculture, in 1940-1957 he was the head of the Laboratory of Remote Hybridization of the USSR Academy of Sciences, from 1945 the director of the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Chairman of the Board of the Council of Botanical Gardens of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The main works are devoted to distant hybridization of plants. By crossing wheat with wheatgrass, a new type of wheat (Triticum agropynotriticum) was obtained. Author of wheat-wheatgrass hybrid varieties. Honorary member of a number of academies of socialist countries. President (1958-1970) and vice-president (since 1970) of the Soviet-Indian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations.
Member of the CPSU(b) since 1938. Delegate to the 20th Congress of the CPSU. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st, 3rd and 4th convocations.
Scientific works
- - Chief Editor
Awards and prizes
- Stalin Prize, second degree (1943).
- Lenin Prize (1978).
- Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978).
- He was awarded five Orders of Lenin (according to other sources - seven orders), the Order of the October Revolution, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, as well as medals.
Perpetuating the memory of N.V. Tsitsina
Memorial plaque to academician N.V. Tsitsin installed on the House on the Embankment
Memorial plaque to academician N.V. Tsitsin is installed near the main building of the botanical garden named after. N.V. Tsitsin RAS
Main Botanical Garden named after. N.V. Tsitsin of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GBS RAS)- one of the largest botanical gardens in the world. He is deservedly loved and popular among Russians, especially among residents of the Moscow region. The richest collection of plants of the botanical garden, located on an area of 331.5 hectares, represents a diverse vegetable world of our planet. In addition, the Main Botanical Garden has interesting, extensive collections and exhibitions of floral, ornamental, cultural, and ornamental woody plants. The Botanical Garden has a landscape exhibition "Japanese Garden", "Heather Garden", a rose garden, and a greenhouse. Botanical Garden named after. N.V. Tsitsina conducts extensive research work in many areas related to plants and their cultivation. It is not surprising that professionals and simply amateurs of gardening, floriculture, vegetable gardening and landscape design They consider it a great success to purchase seedlings and perennials from such a reputable scientific institution. And the Garden provides them with such an opportunity. At the Botanical Garden named after. Tsitsina is a nursery that grows and sells ornamental, fruit, berry, tree and herbaceous plants.
It is noteworthy that You can buy seedlings in the nursery of the Main Botanical Garden rare plants that are not found in regular garden centers and other nurseries. The majority of all seedlings are grown in the Garden nursery from seeds, that is, they are healthier than the same plants obtained by cuttings. When cuttings are taken from the mother plant, accumulated diseases are transmitted to new plants. Plants grown from seeds are stronger, adapted to local conditions, with a beautiful crown shape. Seedlings sold by the nursery of the Main Botanical Garden are dug up from the ridges in front of you, and this is a guarantee that your plants are grown in the climate of Moscow and the Moscow region, will take root well and adapt after transplantation, they root system not dried. Consultation with an experienced nursery specialist will help you plant and grow the plant correctly.
The Main Botanical Garden also sells imported seedlings. They are often sold in containers (pots), usually fruit and berry crops. But even in this case you can be sure of the quality planting material, which guarantees the status of a scientific institution. Many of the plants offered by the GBS nursery can first be seen in an adult state in the Garden’s collection when visiting it.
The range of planting material offered by the Main Botanical Garden expanded significantly in 2013. It consists of decorative tree deciduous and coniferous crops (including large trees), berries and fruits, lianas, self-rooted roses, clematis, perennial herbaceous ornamental plants, as well as fertilizers for them. In August, the autumn sale of planting material began. Prices for seedlings are very affordable.
Main Botanical Garden named after. N.V. Tsitsina RAS offers:
Ornamental woody plants(deciduous and coniferous, trees and shrubs, lianas, different kinds and varieties): common and Japanese quince, actinidia, barberry, Amur and Sakhalin velvet, euonymus, privet, hawthorns, black elderberry (variegated, with golden and split leaves), weigela, Amur grapes and maiden grapes, Bessey cherry, witch hazel, hydrangeas , dogwood (dogwood), tree pliers, oak (gray, scarlet), spruce (prickly, Serbian, Siberian), honeysuckle, willow, viburnum, cotoneaster, cypress, clematis, maples, Kuril tea, Siberian larch, elk, junipers, alder, tree peonies, Siberian fir, bladderwort, rooted roses (hybrid tea, floribunda, climbing, semi-climbing, ground cover, miniature, scrubs, nutmeg, patio), rowan, field ash, sakura, Amur lilac, snowberry, pine, spirea, Chinese poplar, thuja occidentalis, forsythia, mock orange and others.
Fruit and berry crops: grapes (Augustin, Kishmish No. 342, Crystal), cherries (Molodezhnaya, Morozovka, Novella, Ovstuzhenka, Kharitonovskaya), blueberries (frost-resistant varieties different terms ripening), pear (Vernaya), gumi (variety Moneron), blackberry (Loganberry, Bestberry, Tayberry, Thornfree), honeysuckle (Moscow -23, Titmouse, Blue Bird, Start), yoshta, raspberry (Unattainable, Lilac Fog, Fairy Tale, Monomakh's Cap, Arabesque, Bryansk Miracle, Galaxy, Ruby Giant, Daughter of Hercules, Yellow Giant, Golden Giant, Abundant, Giant, Moscow Giant), sea buckthorn (varieties), currants (red, black), cherry, apple tree (Veteran, Cherry, Zhigulevskoe, Ligol, Orlovskoe striped, Autumn striped (Shtrifel), In Memory of Vavilov, Rozhdestvennskoe, Northern Synap, Skala, Spartak, Spartan, Stroevskoe, Utes), etc.
Ornamental herbaceous perennials: Anaphalis daisy, Astilbe, Astrantia major, Aster (shrub, New England, New Belgian), Bergenia thick-leaved, Butterbur, Buzulnik (toothed, Fischer), Basil foliage, Yellow-leaved loosestrife, Veronica Austrian, Anemone (beautiful, Canadian), Fragrant viola, Volzhanka dioecious, Hybrid columbine, Hybrid Gaillardia, Galatella punctata, Carnation (alpine, hybrid, pinnate, chickweed), Heuchera hybrid, Heicherella hybrid, Helenium autumnalis, Heliopsis rough, Geranium (Georgian, Dalmatian, large-rhizome, flat-petaled, shadow) , Gravilat blood-red, Grossgamemia macrocapitalata, Knotweed (large-leaved, splayed), Delphinium hybrid, Dendranthema Zavadsky, Loosestrife loosestrife, Dryad Drummondi, Purple creeping tenacious, St. John's wort (large-flowered, Olympic), Goldenrod (hybrid, Canadian), Inula germanica, Iris (hybrid, low, Siberian), Hyssop officinalis, Black cohosh, Sandy cohosh, Coreopsis grandiflora, Mullein (Olympic, purple), Catnip (large-flowered, Siberian), Burnet (medicinal, thin-leaved), Meadowsweet (six-petalled, pink), Lavender angustifolia , Leucantemella solitary, Liatris spicata, Daylily (hybrid, red), Onion (giant, slimy), Chives, Oriental double poppy, Macleaia cordifolia, Miscanthus sugar-flowered, Monarda hybrid, Nivaria greatest, Penstemon bellflower, Herbaceous peony varieties (delenks) , Pink feverfew, Wormwood (Pursha, Schmidt), Purple sapling, Hybrid rhubarb "Victoria", Rudbeckia (beautiful, lanceolate), Sedum (caustic, magnificent, Spanish, reflexed), Alpine eryngium, Alpine scutellaria, Beautiful Telekia, Tellima grandiflora, Tiarella hybrid, Alpine thyme, Tradescantia virginiana, Southern reed, variegated, Alpine yarrow, Phalaris canary, Physostegia virginiana, Physostegia variegated, Phlox (paniculate, spreading, awl-shaped), Helona oblique, Hosta (plantain, varietal), Sage oak bell, grandiflora , Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea silvery
Stock greenhouse of the Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin RAS(“Moscow Tropics”) is a unique “museum” of living tropical and subtropical plants, where you can see and get acquainted with trees, herbs and shrubs from different continents.
The greenhouse exists as a scientific and educational center, on the basis of which work is carried out to study and preserve the biological diversity of tropical and subtropical plants. Its collections include several thousand species, including rare and endangered ones, obtained from botanical gardens in post-war Germany and as a result of exchange with other botanical gardens different countries, as well as those collected by employees of the Botanical Garden on expeditions. Despite such a long and dry name and serious tasks, in reality the Stock Greenhouse looks warm and homely - like a large indoor garden, and anyone can visit it.
It’s especially nice to come here in winter: regardless of the weather outside, the greenhouse always maintains a high temperature, and it will be a great find for those who yearn for summer on gloomy winter days!
Exposition
The greenhouse complex of the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences includes two buildings: the Old Stock Greenhouse and the New Stock Greenhouse, however, only one of them is accessible to the public - the Old one, which has been operating since 1954.
The space inside the greenhouse is divided into several exhibition sections, built according to a geographical principle. Each of them maintains its own throughout the year. temperature regime and humidity levels as close as possible to the natural habitat conditions of plants.
. Tropics of the Old and New Worlds: here you can see various types of ficus and palm trees, huge bananas, cocoa trees, papaya and even a real baobab.
. Dry subtropics represented by Mediterranean plants, South Africa, Madagascar, Australia, North and South America. In this department you can see various types of succulents, xerophytes and cacti, aloe, acacia and eucalyptus trees, as well as a collection of azaleas and conifers.
. Humid subtropics divided into 3 separate exhibition sections. The first includes plants of the Canary Islands, South Africa, Japan, continental East Asia and South America: laurels, heathers and dracaenas, cypress and feijoa are available for inspection. The second showcases plants from Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand, and the third contains a large collection of rhododendron and camellia varieties.
The branches do not just show plants to visitors, they exist as a semblance of full-fledged ecosystems characteristic of the stated region. Between them there are concrete or crushed stone paths, which you can walk along when visiting on your own or on a guided tour, and in some places there are even cozy benches under the branches of exotic trees.
The main part of the exhibition is permanent, but there are also temporary exhibits that change places depending on the season or are brought to visitors during the flowering period. In addition, during mass flowering of plants a certain type in the greenhouse they can arrange an exhibition of them: for example, blooming orchids, which annually attract a large number of visitors.
It is worth noting that the exhibition is replete with information plates with general information about the flora of the tropical and subtropical regions presented, however, the plants are mostly not described, so it is better to visit it with a tour.
History of the Stock Greenhouse
The Old Stock Greenhouse was opened in 1954.
According to a widespread legend, which has no documentary evidence, but seems quite reliable, the first collection of the greenhouse was based on the botanical collection of Hermann Goering, a prominent statesman and military figure of the Third Reich. Goering went down in history as the Chairman of the Reichstag and the Reich Minister of Aviation of Germany, but his biography also included other positions, including the Imperial Forester of Germany. Being a great lover of nature, Goering collected an extensive collection of orchids and other plants, which after the end of the Great Patriotic War taken to the Soviet Union.
The collection subsequently expanded through exchanges with other botanical gardens around the world, as well as through expeditions to tropical and subtropical regions.
Gradually, the collections became cramped in the old building, and in 1992, construction began on the New Stock Greenhouse, much larger and more technologically advanced than the previous one. However, for various reasons, construction was soon frozen and resumed only in 2002. The building was completed in 2016, however, it was never opened to the public; It is unknown when the new greenhouse will become available to citizens.
Opening hours and visiting procedures
The exposition of tropical and subtropical plants in the Old Stock Greenhouse is open all year round. You can visit it individually or with a guided tour.
On weekends, visitors are offered free sightseeing tours without prior registration (subject to purchasing a ticket to the greenhouse). It is also possible to order thematic excursions: “Plants in myths and legends”, “Ferns and gymnosperms”, “The very best: tall, ancient, long-lived”, “Useful tropical and subtropical plants: food, technical, medicinal, phytoncidal and ornamental” and others.
- (1898 1980) Russian botanist and breeder, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939) and VASKhNIL (1938), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978). Proceedings on remote hybridization of agricultural plants. Lenin Prize (1978), State... ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary
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TSTSIN NIKOLAY VASILIEVICH- Years of life: 12/18/1898–07/17/1980 Born in Saratov. Graduated from the Saratov State Institute of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (1927). Doctor s. X. Sciences (1936), Academician of VASKhNIL (1938). An outstanding botanist, breeder and geneticist.... ... Biographical encyclopedia of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Tsitsin, Nikolai Vasilievich- TTSITSIN Nikolai Vasilievich (1898 1980), Russian botanist and breeder. Proceedings on remote hybridization of agricultural plants. He obtained high-yielding wheat-wheathy hybrids that were resistant to lodging and diseases, and created a spring variety... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1898 1980), botanist and breeder, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939) and VASKhNIL (1938), Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978). Works on remote hybridization of agricultural plants. USSR State Prize (1943), Lenin Prize (1978) ... encyclopedic Dictionary
- [p.6(18) Dec. 1898] Sov. botanist and breeder, academician. (since 1939) and valid. member VASKHNIL (since 1932). Member CPSU since 1938. Dep. Top. Soviet of the USSR 1st, 3rd and 4th convocations. In 1927 he graduated from the Institute. x VA and land reclamation in Saratov and worked at the All-Union Institute... ... Big biographical encyclopedia
- (1898, Saratov 1980, Moscow), botanist, geneticist and breeder, academician (1939), VASKHNIL (1938; in 193848 vice president), Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978). Graduated from the Institute of Agriculture and Land Reclamation in Saratov (1927).... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
Surname Tsitsin, Konstantin Georgievich (born 1960) Russian statesman Tsitsin, Nikolai Vasilyevich (1898 1980) Soviet botanist and breeder, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and VASKhNIL See also Titin Tsitsianov ... Wikipedia
Nikolai Vasilyevich (1898 1980), botanist and breeder, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939) and the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1938), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978). Works on remote hybridization of agricultural plants. Lenin Prize (1978), ... ... Russian history
Nikolai Vasilievich [b. 6 (18).12.1898, Saratov], Soviet botanist, geneticist and breeder, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939), VASKhNIL (1938; in 1938 48 vice president), Hero of Socialist Labor (1968). Member of the CPSU since 1938. Graduated from Saratov... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
