Glucosamine side effects. Comparison of glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride and N-acetylglucosamine - which is better? Features of the use of Glucosamine

Glucosamine is a substance whose action is aimed at preventing inflammatory processes in joints and cartilage and prolonging active life. Animal studies have shown that it helps to significantly increase the average maximum lifespan of mice, rats, nematodes and flies. Its use in humans slows down the aging of joints.

What is glucosamine?

Glucosamine is a natural substance found in the joints and cartilage of mammals. It was first discovered in 1876 by the German surgeon-scientist George Ledderhous. It consists of the most important monosaccharides and amino acids for the body - glucose and glutamine.

Cartilage cells use glucosamine as an intermediate element for the production of hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. Since the 60s of the last century, scientists decided to use the substance to restore cartilage and joints and treat arthrosis. Large-scale studies began, the results of which were contradictory.

Studies conducted in 2002-2006 in America confirmed the lack of therapeutic effect in the treatment of arthrosis. The substance was given the title “ambiguous” for its dubious pain-relieving properties. Doctors recommend stopping taking it if the expected effect does not occur within 6 months after starting to take the substance.



Release form

The dietary supplement is available in the form of tablets or powder for preparing a solution. The second option is more preferable because it works faster.

The powder is packaged in sealed bags of 3.5 g; 20 pieces per box. Each sachet contains 1.5 g of active substance.

Taking the supplement will have an effect only if you strictly follow the recommendations of your doctor. The dosages specified in the instructions are strictly observed, unless otherwise prescribed by the doctor. Self-medication is unacceptable.

Compound

Any form of the drug contains the main active ingredient – ​​glucosamine sulfate. Auxiliary components: sorbitol, aspartame, etc. They ensure good absorption of the main active ingredient by the body.

Pharmacological action and pharmacokinetics

Glucosamine helps cartilage tissue cope with structural disorders and age-related changes, promotes the restoration of joints and cartilage.

Approximately 90% of the substance is absorbed in the intestines, with the highest concentration of the active component found in the kidneys, ligaments and liver. The drug is removed from the body through the kidneys and urinary system. The use of dietary supplements does not affect functional features cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems.

Indications for use

As a rule, the main indication for using the supplement is joint pain and loss of normal mobility.

Contraindications

Contraindications are usually associated with the following factors:

• tendency to allergies;
• individual intolerance to components;
• serious kidney pathologies;
• phenylketonuria.

Glucosamine should not be taken by children under 15 years of age.

Pregnancy and lactation

During the first trimester of pregnancy, the drug is strictly prohibited for use by women. In II and III, admission is possible only if the potential benefits for the girl exceed the risks for the baby.

The active substances of the product penetrate into breast milk. It can be taken during lactation, but breastfeeding should be stopped during treatment.

Directions for use and doses

The powder solution is diluted in a glass clean water. Take one sachet daily. An individual treatment regimen is prescribed by a doctor; therapy usually takes at least 1-3 months, depending on the severity of the disease. A second course is possible two months after the first. Treatment with the drug is usually quite long and the first improvements occur, at best, after 1-2 weeks from the start of treatment.

In tablet form, the medicine is taken with meals, with plenty of water. The dosage is determined by the attending physician. Typically, adult patients are prescribed 1 capsule once a day. The duration of therapy can vary from 3 to 6 months.

Side effects and overdose

In the vast majority of cases, the drug is well absorbed and tolerated by the body. However, unpleasant side reactions occur in the form of gastrointestinal disturbances, headaches, dizziness and hypersensitivity skin. If any reaction occurs, you should consult your doctor.

During the entire period of using the supplements, not a single case of overdose was identified. In case of unpleasant reactions after taking the drug, it is necessary to rinse the stomach and take enterosorbents. Then consult a doctor.

Interactions with other drugs and precautions

When used simultaneously with tetracycline drugs, glucosamine promotes their accelerated absorption. The opposite situation is observed with penicillins and chloramphencol; their absorption, on the contrary, slows down. The effect of taking anti-inflammatory non-steroidal medications is significantly enhanced, and the harmful effects of corticosteroids on cartilage tissue are reduced.

It is important to consult your doctor first about taking the medication. For obese people, the dosage is increased to achieve a therapeutic effect. Long-term use of the drug is required.

Storage conditions and shelf life

Keep the product out of the reach of children, avoiding sun rays. The temperature in the room should be between +15-+30 degrees.

The tablets can be stored for 5 years, and the powder for preparing the solution - 3 years.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

The product is sold only with a doctor's prescription.

Analogues in the Russian Federation, USA and Europe

Only your doctor can help you choose a medicine with a similar or similar composition. The most popular today are Artracam, Dona, Artiflex, Elbona, Union and others.

The modern pharmaceutical industry offers various forms of drugs based on glucosamine sulfate. IN European countries glucosamine has the status of a drug, and in the United States a dietary supplement. It is noteworthy that in American dietary supplements the concentration of the substance is higher than in European medicines.

Glucosamine-based products have been studied for decades. Many scientists and doctors consider the results of treatment with this substance controversial. We can say for sure that it really works, but the price of supplements with it is often unreasonably high.

Glucosamine is a drug whose main property is to restore the damaged structure of articular cartilage tissue. The medicine has an anti-inflammatory effect, activates metabolic processes in bone and cartilage tissues.

Glucosamine is a naturally occurring substance produced by normally healthy tissue in cartilage joints. It is also part of another substance - chondroitin and is an essential component of many biochemical substances that are very important for joint health, including the composition of synovial fluid.

The drug Glucosamine, which can be purchased at pharmacy chain, has an effective anti-inflammatory effect, corrects metabolic processes in cartilage tissues. The use of the drug quickly and effectively eliminates the symptoms of diseases of the spine and joints: pain, inflammation, redness, swelling. Glucosamine has the ability to inhibit the activity of those enzymes that destroy cartilage tissue. The process of restoration of cartilage tissue is long and gradual. Therefore, the medicine should be taken for a long time, up to 6 months.

For what diseases is glucosamine prescribed, how is it used, what does it contain inside? I suggest you read the description of this tool, based on original instructions attached to it. The description is compiled only for ease of perception when familiarizing yourself with this drug and is not a guide to self-medication. After your doctor prescribes Glucosamine for you, be sure to carefully read the instructions yourself.

What is the composition of Glucosamine?

One capsule (tablet) of the drug contains: 750 mg of pure glucosamine sulfate. In addition to the main active substance, there are auxiliary ingredients.

What are the indications for use of Glucosamine?

Tenosynovitis, osteochondrosis, myositis. The drug is indicated for arthrosis, arthritis, as well as other inflammations of the bone and joint system.

Also prescribed for certain vascular diseases, in particular thrombophlebitis.

The medicine is effective for pathological conditions of the heart valves.

Glucosamide is prescribed to eliminate inflammation and reduce pain in inflammatory diseases of joint and bone tissue.

The drug is prescribed for athletes, as well as all those who regularly experience heavy stress on the musculoskeletal system.

It is also recommended to take it for the purpose of preventing the strengthening of all tissues of the body, including: tendons, ligaments, bones. To strengthen the tissues of the eyes, nails, as well as to improve the condition of the cerebrospinal fluid, and improve the health of the heart valves. It is also often prescribed for fractures, to increase the effectiveness of treatment and accelerate the recovery of damaged bone tissue.

What is the use of Glucosamine?

Experts recommend taking the drug in the morning and evening. Can be taken with food or on an empty stomach. Capsules should be taken on the advice of a doctor, combined with other prescribed medications. Glucosamine should always be combined with medications prescribed by a doctor individually for each person. specific case. Unless, of course, the doctor recommended taking glucosmin as an independent remedy.

What is the dosage of Glucosamine?

At the beginning of treatment, 6 capsules of the drug are prescribed. This daily dose, which is recommended to be divided into 2-3 doses.

When the symptoms of inflammation begin to subside, you can switch to a reduced dose: take 3 capsules every day. Treatment - 2 weeks.

As your health begins to improve, switch to taking 1 capsule per day.
When the symptoms of inflammation disappear, you can stop taking the drug. But if during the treatment they make themselves felt again and intensify, increase the dosage from 1 to 2 capsules.

What are the side effects of Glucosamine?

When using Glucosamine, the instructions for use warn that the patient may begin to experience nausea, malaise, and allergic manifestations. Patients often complain of flatulence, abdominal pain, constipation or, conversely, diarrhea. Drowsiness, fatigue, and dizziness may occur. Negative manifestations such as frequent headaches, itchy skin, and weight loss occur.

You should take the drug with caution when diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, as well as low blood pressure. It is better to refrain from using it if your body is intolerant to various seafood, as well as if you have chronic heart failure.

You should not take the medicine simultaneously with beta-blockers, in particular with drugs such as ajmaline, digoxin, amiodarone, as well as quinidine, verapamil, etc. You should not take it in parallel with cimetidine, as well as with sedative medications .

What are the contraindications for Glucosamine?

The instructions warn against taking Glucosamine for patients with bleeding disorders who are prone to frequent bleeding. It should not be taken by pregnant or lactating women. There are contraindications for acute heart failure, epilepsy, and severe kidney pathologies. The medicine is contraindicated for phenylketonuria and intracardiac conduction disorders. The drug should not be given to children.

It should be noted that Glucosamine is a relatively new drug, but it already has many positive reviews from doctors and their patients. Indeed, the substance glucosamine is necessary for joints and connective tissues of the body, without which bones and cartilage cannot exist. Be healthy!

Glucosamine with chondroitin is used for diseases of the musculoskeletal system and for general strengthening of the body. It relieves pain and stops the inflammatory process. To achieve effective healing, it is necessary to observe the correct dosage and conditions for taking this drug.

General health of the body

Glucosamine is a natural component human body, promoting the regeneration of cartilage tissue. He synthesized by the body independently, but in small quantities. Regular intake of dietary supplements based on this compound will help compensate for its deficiency. The prophylactic dose for adults is 500 mg 3 times a day for 90 days (1500 mg daily).

Chondroitin is involved in the production of synovial fluid, which bathes joints and protects them from friction. Similar to glucosamine, the amount synthesized by the body is not sufficient for normal functioning. Dietary supplements containing this substance are made from the cartilage tissue of sharks or cattle. The daily dose is 400 mg 3 times a day or 600 mg 2 times a day (1200 mg daily).

When using combined supplements, the same rules apply. For example, nutritional supplements brand Dear Natura are available in a proportion of 500 mg/400 mg, which allows you to receive a daily prophylactic dose by taking 3 capsules daily.

“For a general strengthening effect, it is enough to take 1500 mg of glucosamine and 1200 mg of chondroitin”

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system

Glucosamine and chondroitin are slow-acting drugs - the symptoms of the pathological process will decrease after a few days, but To fully strengthen the body, you will need long-term regular use (3 months or more). The dosage of this remedy depends on the type of disease and its severity. In the majority scientific works and instructions for glucosamine chondroitin, you can find the following recommendations:

• On early stages of osteoarthritis you need to take 480 mg of glucosamine 3 times a day for 6 months. With absence allergic reaction you can increase the single dose to 750 mg, using the drug 2 times a day for 1.5 months.
• Effective dose at osteoarthritis knee joint is 300-500 mg of glucosamine 3 times a day for 3 months. For better absorption of the drug, it is recommended to take it together with chondroitin.
• When general osteoarthritis it is necessary to take 1000-2000 mg of the drug daily for 18 months. Long-term use increases the effectiveness of therapy and strengthens joints even after completion of the course.
• Symptoms of diseases of the musculoskeletal system are often lower back pain. It can be eliminated by taking 1500 mg of glucosamine daily for 6 months.
• Glucosamine also helps against rheumatoid arthritis(inflammatory connective tissue disease affecting small joints). To cope with this disorder, you need to consume 420 mg of the drug daily for 2 weeks.

Other diseases

The use of glucosamine chondroitin complex allows you to cope not only with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, but also with other disorders. The linings of blood vessels and organs consist of connective tissue, strengthening which can speed up the healing process or significantly reduce the chances of the disease returning. The dosage of the drug varies depending on the disease:

• Glucosamine is effective against circulatory disorders caused by chronic venous insufficiency. If symptoms of this disorder occur, you must take 960 mg of the drug daily for 45 days.
• To reduce elevated cholesterol levels, it is recommended to consume 1500 mg of glucosamine daily for 3.5 months. Regular intake will help to permanently normalize the concentration of this important component of metabolism.
• Dietary supplements based on glucosamine are often used in therapy multiple sclerosis(damage to the sheaths of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord). The average dose for this disorder is 1000 mg daily for 6 months.
• Damage to connective tissue can be caused not only by disease, but also injury, such as a fracture or sprain. To speed up bone fusion and healing of microcracks, it is necessary to take up to 3000 mg of glucosamine daily during the entire recovery period. A similar dose should be used by athletes and people practicing heavy physical activity.

“The effective dose of glucosamine for various diseases ranges from 960 to 3000 mg daily”

Maximum permissible dosage

Glucosamine and chondroitin are well tolerated by the body, as they are its integral structural components. Accordingly, their regular use will not harm your health and will not cause serious side effects. Numerous clinical studies of these chemical compounds have proven that the use of large doses does not worsen the condition of patients. Part of the substance taken is absorbed by the body immediately, the remaining volume is excreted through the intestines.

“There have been no recorded cases of glucosamine chondroitin overdose in medical practice”

To form an opinion about the effectiveness of glucosamine with chondroitin and evaluate its healing properties, read other materials on our website.

Latin name: Glucosaminum
International name: Glucosamine
ATX code: M01AX05
Active substance: Glucosamine sulfate
Manufacturer: Elite-farm, Ukraine
Conditions for dispensing from a pharmacy: On prescription

Compound

The drug includes the main active ingredient - glucosamine sulfate, it is available in two dosage forms: tablets and powder.

Medicinal properties

The medicine, acting on tissue, activates the production of proteoglycan, as well as glycosaminoglycan of cartilage. Thanks to taking the drug, the production of hyaluronic acid, which is one of the components of synovial fluid, improves. It has a clear anabolic effect on the body of those people who suffer from functional or morphological pathologies of the matrix caused by the use of corticosteroids.

The drug inhibits the synthesis of enzymes that damage cartilage tissue, reduces the exposure to superoxide radicals, as well as enzymes released during phagocytosis and lysis. As a result, the process of destruction of cartilage tissue slows down, which reduces the likelihood of the development and progression of arthrosis. This is why you need to take Glucosamine to prevent diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

It is very important that the drug does not have a negative effect on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system, while it is a synthetic analogue of glucosamine hydrochloride.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

The process of absorption of the drug components mainly occurs in the intestines. The highest concentration of glucosamine sulfate is observed in the tissues of the liver and kidneys, as well as directly in the articular cartilage.

It is worth noting that it does not act immediately; a quick effect on the body should not be expected; the therapeutic effect occurs within 1-2 weeks from the moment of its use.

The dietary supplement is excreted by the kidneys, its bioavailability is 25%.

Indications for use

• Osteoarthrosis of various localizations, as well as osteochondrosis
• Periarthritis of the scapulo-elbow joints
• Arthrosis
• Chondromalacia patella
• Progressive spondylosis.

Glucosamine tablets

Price from 362 to 688 rubles.

Each tablet contains the main active ingredient and an auxiliary component - ascorbic acid.

Film-coated tablets are available in cardboard packaging, consisting of 30, 60, 90 or 100 tablets. The blister contains 10, 12 or 15 tablets.

Price from 362 to 688 rubles.

Directions for use and doses

It is best to take the tablets during meals with water. The recommended dose for children over 15 years of age, as well as adults, is from 1 to 2 tablets, which is from 750 to 1500 mg of active substance per day.

The duration of treatment is from 4 months to six months. A second course of therapy is possible after 2 months.

Glucosamine powder

The average price is 990 rubles.

The powder from which the suspension is prepared is intended for oral administration. It contains glucosamine sulfate and auxiliary components - sweeteners: aspartame, as well as sorbitol.

The powder is packaged in sachets. Each pack of medicine contains 20 sachets.

Directions for use and doses

The suspension is prepared by mixing the contents of 1 sachet with 200 ml of water. The use of the resulting solution should be combined with meals.

You can also take suspensions immediately after meals. The recommended daily dose is 1500 mg of glucosamine (1 sachet).

The duration of treatment is 1-4 months. If the symptoms of the disease have not completely disappeared, it is possible to extend the course of treatment to six months.

It is imperative to observe a two-month break between the previous and subsequent courses of treatment.

Contraindications

You should not take the drug if you have the following symptoms and diseases:

• Excessive sensitivity to the main component of the dietary supplement
• Kidney pathologists
• Finelketonuria
• Children's age up to 15 years.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

To date, there is no information on how dietary supplements affect the body of a pregnant woman and the fetus. The effect of the drug on the child during breastfeeding, so it is better not to take it during this period.

Precautionary measures

During the course of treatment with the drug, it is worth limiting the consumption of sugar-containing products and avoid drinking alcoholic beverages, as in this case it can contribute to the development of side effects

Interaction with other drugs

It is worth considering that combining dietary supplements with drugs of the tetracycline group is undesirable, since increased absorption of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract is observed. It reduces the bioavailability of chloramphenicol, as well as penicillin drugs.

With the simultaneous use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the effect of the latter is enhanced and the negative effect of corticosteroids on cartilage tissue is reduced.

Side effects

Often, dietary supplements can negatively affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region, flatulence and diarrhea develop. It can cause nausea and allergic reactions on the skin. If an adverse reaction develops, it is better to discontinue the drug. Methods that will quickly eliminate diarrhea are described in the article:

Overdose

During treatment with the drug, no cases of overdose were detected in patients. If the dietary supplement was taken in a dosage exceeding the daily dose, you should perform gastric lavage and start taking enterosorbents.

Conditions and shelf life

Analogs

The pharmaceutical market offers a number of Glucosamine analogues, both domestic and foreign.

"Glucosamine hydrochoride"

STC ECOBIOTEC, Russia
average price is 270 rubles.

The drug is a powder with the active ingredient glucosamine hydrochoride. Corrects metabolic processes in bone and cartilage tissue.

Pros:

• Helps increase the permeability of the joint capsule
• Glucosamine hydrochoride reduces pain
• Stops degenerative processes occurring in joints.

Minuses:

• Glucosamine hydrochoride is difficult to find in pharmacies
• It is not recommended for use in case of impaired atrioventricular conduction.

"Chondroitin - AKOS"

Sintez, Russia
Price from 290 to 323 rub.

"Chondroitin-Acos" is an analogue of Glucosamine in its mode of action. The drug is produced in the form of capsules, the active ingredient of which is sodium chondroitin sulfate. As a result of its action, the strength of painful sensations is reduced and joint mobility is significantly increased. Chondroitin sulfate sodium helps reduce calcium loss in cartilage tissue.

Pros:

• Low cost
• Chondroitin sulfate sodium slows the progression of osteoarthritis.

Minuses:

• Not prescribed for children under 18 years of age
• Chondroitin sulfate sodium may cause gastrointestinal side effects.

"Glucosamine NSP"

Nature's Sunshine Products, USA
Price from 1910 to 1960 rub.

Available in capsule form, contains glucosamine and cat's claw. The dietary supplement promotes the restoration of cartilage tissue, strengthens ligaments, and takes part in the synthesis of collagen.

Pros:

• Protects cartilage tissue
• Improves the condition of nails, hair, and skin.

Minuses:

• Expensive
• Not prescribed during pregnancy and lactation.

"Glucosamine Chondroitin complex"

Pharmakor, Russia
Price from 250 to 300 rub.

Glucosamine Chondroitin complex is presented in an easy-to-use dosage form - capsules. This dietary supplement contains glucosamine sulfate and sodium chondroitin sulfate, which support joint health, restore cartilage tissue, and relieve inflammation.

Pros:

• Affordable price
• High efficiency
• Ease of use.

Minuses:

• The need for long-term use of Glucosamine Chondroitin complex
• Low concentration of active substance.

Glucosamine is biological active substance, which is normally found in the body healthy person in a certain quantity. Natural glucosamine promotes normal extensibility and elasticity of the body's cartilage tissue. In addition, it has an immunomodulatory effect on the body.

The main active ingredient of the drug is glucosamine sulfate. This salt is an analogue of endogenous glucosamine. Glucosamine is produced in the following forms:

1. Film-coated tablets. 1 tablet contains 750 mg of the active component Glucosamine sulfate.
2. Capsule in gelatin shell. Each capsule contains 750 mg of glucosamine sulfate powder.
3. Injection. Each ampoule contains 2 ml of solution. 1 ml of solution contains 200 mg of glucosamine sulfate.
4. Powder in sachets for oral administration. A solution must be prepared from the powder. Each sachet contains 1500 mg of the drug.

Pharmacological effects

Pharmaceutical drug Glucosamine belongs to the group of chondroprotectors and has a stimulating effect on metabolic processes in bone and cartilage tissues. With the help of this drug, you can very effectively treat affected joints and restore synovial fluid in the joint cavities.

Glucosamine is most effective in the treatment of osteochondrosis, arthrosis and arthritis. Under the influence of Glucosamine, a cartilaginous layer is formed on the rubbing surfaces of bones.

Thanks to Glucosamine, the body produces hyaluronic acid, which is part of the synovial fluid and articular cartilage. Glucosamine sulfate stimulates the production of glycosaminoglycans and joint proteoglycans.

With long-term use of Glucosamine sulfate, sulfur atoms are fixed and the production of chondroitinsulfuric acid is stimulated. Under the influence of the drug, calcium ions are properly deposited in bone tissue.

Glucosamine significantly slows down the development of degenerative-dystrophic processes in articular tissues, reduces the severity of pain and restores normal functioning of the joints.

Indications for use

According to the instructions for use, Glucosamine is used in complex pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy. The maximum activity of the drug is observed at a time when there is already damage to the cartilage structure, but it is not yet irreversible. That is why timely diagnosis is so important.

Indications for use of Glucosamine are the following states:

Glucosamine tablets are recommended to be taken orally once at a dosage of 1500 mg. The duration of the therapeutic course is 6 weeks. If necessary, the course can be continued. The break between courses of treatment can be about 2 months. You can conduct 2-3 courses per year. The tablets must be taken with meals.

Glucosamine solution for injection is administered intramuscularly. Before use, you must prepare a solution. To do this, 400 mg of the drug is diluted in 3 ml of solvent and administered intramuscularly 3 times a week. The general course of treatment should be 1-1.5 months. Then you need to take a break. You can simultaneously take the medicine in powders, tablets or capsules.

The drug, available in powders, must first be dissolved in water at the rate of 1 sachet of powder per 1 glass of water. Therapeutic dose for an adult patient it is 1 sachet per day with meals.

Patients begin to notice an improvement in their health status during treatment with glucosamine after 2 weeks of taking the drug orally. During treatment with Glucosamine injections, the therapeutic effect occurs faster – after 4 days.

Glucosamine - side effects and overdose

When treated with Glucosamine tablets, powders or capsules, side effects may include the following:

1. Painful sensations in the epigastric region.
2. Abnormal bowel movements, flatulence.
3. Weakness, drowsiness, dizziness.
4. Loss of performance for a short time.
5. Allergic skin rashes and itching.

When Glucosamine is administered parenterally, it is possible development of the following unpleasant side effects:

When administered intramuscularly side effects from the drug may be due to the presence of lidocaine in the composition.

If these side effects occur need to stop taking and consult your doctor. If lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness, or visual impairment occur, it is recommended to temporarily stop driving. vehicles and working with dangerous complex mechanisms that require concentration.

An overdose of glucosamine has not been described in official medical sources or according to expert reviews. If the patient accidentally takes an excessively large dose of the medicine, it is necessary to rinse the stomach and take sorbents.

Contraindications for use

In addition, for the drug Glucosamine contraindications may be as follows:

1. The patient has phenylketonuria.
2. Renal dysfunction.
3. Children under 15 years old.
4. The period of gestation, since the effect of the drug on the developing embryo has not been fully studied.
5. Breastfeeding period.

Analogs and price

Analogues of the drug By pharmacological effects are:

1. Glucosamine sulfate.
2. Aminoarthrin.
3. Junium.
4. Elbona.
5. Pharmaskin THC.

It should be borne in mind that the instructions for use of glucosamine do not apply to all of the listed medications. For each drug containing glucosamine, instructions for use will be individual. If you need to change the drug, you should first consult with your doctor.

The drug is sold in pharmacies without a doctor's prescription. Price per package of the drug in tablets and capsules can range from 200 rubles. The price of one ampoule of the drug in a cardboard package is from 110 rubles.

The drug Glucosamine