Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, Patriarchal Metochion in the Sviblovo estate. Temple of the Life-Giving Trinity in the Sviblovo estate

The name of this estate echoes the name of one of the Moscow Kremlin towers - Sviblova, also known as Vodovzvodnaya. This connection is not accidental: boyar Fyodor Andreevich Sviblo, who occupied a high position in the 14th century under Prince Dmitry Donskoy, owned not only the chambers in the Kremlin near the tower that received his name, but also a picturesque village on the banks of the Yauza. Most likely, under him, the first wooden church in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity appeared here.

Soon after the death of Prince Dmitry Donskoy, the Sviblovs fell into disgrace and their possessions went to the treasury. Only in the 1620s the village again became private property, passing into the hands of the steward Lev Pleshcheev. His son, Andrei Lvovich, in 1622–1623 built a new wooden Trinity Church to replace the one that burned down during the Time of Troubles. The next restructuring dates back to 1677, carried out by Pleshcheev’s second son, Mikhail Lvovich. In 1704, after the death of the young orphan Marya Pleshcheeva, the village passed to her teacher, Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin. Under him, the property not only received new residents in the form of captured Swedes brought from the Northern War, but also significantly changed its appearance: new stone chambers, a cookhouse, a human outbuilding, a malt factory appeared, and in 1708 a stone temple of the Life-Giving Trinity was built.

The architecture of the church is heterogeneous, as if it is located “on the border.” In the lower tier one can still feel the influence of the “Naryshkin Baroque” with its “torn pediments” on the window frames and triple bunches of columns at the corners. At the same time, the middle and upper tiers are built in the style of “Petrine Baroque”, closer to European motifs. The general elongation of the church vertically, the structure of “octagons on quadrangles,” some “geometry” of the middle and upper tiers, triple arched windows - all this is more typical of the new direction in church architecture. In Moscow, an analogue can be the Menshikov Tower near Chistye Prudy. In 1709, the chapel of St. George was added to the north. Initially, the bell tower existed separately, but at the end of the 18th century it fell into disrepair and was dismantled, after which the existing bell tower, designed in the classical style, was added to the western side of the temple.

In 1721, the estate returned to the Pleshcheev family, then it passed into the hands of the Golitsyns, Vysotskys, Kazeevs, Kozhevnikovs, Khalatovs. IN early XIX century, the famous Russian historian and writer N.M. lived in Sviblovo. Karamzin, his wife died here. The next owner, the merchant Kozhevnikov, built a cloth factory next door. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Sviblovo was actively populated by summer residents, many of whom visited the Trinity Church and took care of its condition. So, in 1905 it was re-painted at the expense of the summer resident Agrippina Kuzmina.

After the revolution, the estate was occupied by the local revolutionary committee, and then transferred to housing for railway workers, which remained here until the 1970s. Trinity Church was opened until 1938, after which it was owned by various offices. The historical interiors were completely destroyed, the church domes and bell towers were cut down, and the refectory was built on. At the same time, the building was placed under protection in the 1970s as an architectural monument, but with an error: in the documents it was listed as the “Church of the Assumption.” In the 1980s, a full-scale restoration of the entire estate began, during which work was carried out on the main Baroque house and the church, and the outbuildings and services were recreated. In 1995, the first service took place in the Trinity Church, and soon the entire place received the status of a patriarchal metochion of the Russian Orthodox Church.

On the picturesque bank of the Yauza, the Sviblovo estate with the Church of the Holy Trinity has survived to this day.
For centuries, this place was owned by the servants of the great princes of Moscow and Russian tsars.
The history of the Sviblovo district goes back to the distant 14th century. Researchers suggest that the name of the area comes from the name of the first governor, Prince Dmitry Donskoy, boyar Fyodor Andreevich Svibla, who founded a settlement here and built a wooden church, but Sviblovo lost it during the Time of Troubles.
By 1620, Sviblov was owned by the steward Lev Afanasyevich Pleshcheev. This was a generous reward for participation in the defense of the capital from Polish-Lithuanian troops, granted by Emperor Mikhail Fedorovich, the first of the Romanovs, recently elected to the Russian throne.
In 1677, Pleshcheev transferred his village to his son Andrei, who was actively involved in agriculture, rebuilt the wooden Trinity Church and added the chapel of St. Alexis, Metropolitan of Moscow, to it.
From the Pleshcheev family, the last owner of the family estate was a young girl, Marya, who lived in the house of her uncle Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin. After the death of the girl, the ownership of Sviblovo passes to him. Moscow governor Kirill Naryshkin built stone chambers, a malt factory, a cookhouse, and human quarters on his estate from good brick. In 1708, the current stone building of the Temple was built, and a year later a bell tower was built near it. Captured Swedes were involved in this work. One of the bells of the Trinity Church, which rang throughout the area, was a captured Swedish one, brought from the Northern War. The ensemble of the Sviblovskaya Church represents one of the most interesting architectural monuments of the Moscow Naryshkin Baroque.
With the death of Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin, Sviblovo was returned to the Pleshcheev family.
In 1745, for a relatively short time, it was transferred to the possession of the Golitsin family.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the great Russian writer and historiographer Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin lived in the estate. Here, in what was once such picturesque places on the banks of the Yauza, Karamzin perhaps conceived the idea of ​​writing a monumental work on the history of the Russian state. The childhood of the great Russian composer A.N. Scriabin was also associated with Sviblov.
In the 20s of the 19th century, Sviblovo was bought by the merchant I.P. Kozhevnikov. At this time, guests often came to the estate to listen to invited artists at concert evenings. Kozhevnikov is building a manor house and an exemplary cloth factory using imported equipment. Launched in 1821, it was the first major industrial enterprise in our area and at that time it was an extraordinary novelty. The exemplary production received such great fame that it attracted the attention of the reigning persons - Empress Maria Feodorovna and Emperor Alexander I.
After the October Revolution of 1917, the temple was closed, beheaded and suffered significant destruction; the territory of the estate turned into a dump for construction waste in the north-east of Moscow.
In 1938, the temple was used as a utility room.
New times have made it possible to begin restoring the dilapidated Temple building. In 1994, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus' decided to create the Sviblovsky Patriarchal Metochion, of which Archpriest Sergius was appointed rector.

History of the Temple
On the picturesque bank of the Yauza River, among blocks of new buildings, the Sviblovo estate with the Church of the Holy Trinity has miraculously survived to this day. For centuries, this place was owned by the servants of the great princes of Moscow and Russian tsars. From Fyodor Svibla, who was in the 14th century. Voivode Prince Dimitir Donskoy (his name connects the name of the estate and the name of one of the towers of the Moscow Kremlin) to the steward Lev Pleshcheev, who in 1620 received this estate from Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov as a reward for the “Moscow siege.” The new owners built estate buildings on the river bank and, in 1677, the Trinity Church with the chapel of St. Alexis, Metropolitan of Moscow, with whom the Pleshcheevs were proud of their kinship. In 1708, the current stone church building was built. It appeared during that short but brilliant period in the history of the estate, when a prominent statesman, Moscow Governor Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin, a relative of Tsar Peter I through his mother Natalya Kirilovna Naryshkina, became its owner. The church was included in the regular plan of the estate and became the personification of the customer’s loyalty to the court “Naryshkin” style, which intricately combined traditional Orthodox symbols with bold architectural and decorative techniques. The building complex included; it includes a church, a manor house, two outbuildings, a people's house and a greenhouse. The great and contradictory era of Peter's reforms, the era of the synthesis of Western European and Old Russian principles, the creative dialogue of old and new, is reflected here.
We visited here different time many famous guests. In 1801-1803, the great Russian writer and historiographer Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, who was connected with the Pleshcheevs by family and friendly ties, lived in the estate. Perhaps it was then that he conceived the “History of the Russian State”. In the 19th century, Sviblovo was famous for its folk festivals and the well-equipped cloth factory of the merchant Kozhevnikov, which was visited with interest by Emperor Alexander 1 and Empress Maria Fedorovna.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, services were held in this small estate church near Moscow. In 1938, the church was closed and almost until 1990 it was used as a utility room. New times have made it possible for believers to begin restoring the dilapidated temple building. In 1994, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus' decided to create the Sviblovsky Patriarchal Metochion, the rector of which was appointed Archpriest Sergius (Kiselev), currently serving as the dean of the Trinity Deanery of Moscow.

A lot has been accomplished in ten years. The foundation and under-dome masonry of the temple were strengthened, the covering of two domes, the drum, the church dome and much more were restored. There is still a lot to come. Repair and restoration work continues on the outside, and work is underway on the inside to recreate the church decoration. One of the main tasks today is the creation of an iconostasis. Unfortunately, no sketches, drawings or photographs have survived that could be used to restore its former appearance. The project of the new iconostasis, created by the architect Natalya Borisovna Oskina, is based on the famous monuments of Russian icon painting and decorative arts late XVII-early XVIII centuries (Church of the Intercession in Fili in Moscow). Local icons were painted in the workshop of icon painter Nikita Nazhny. Currently, work is underway to paint icons of the Deesis order. Ahead is the production of a carved iconostasis, which in terms of the complexity of the artistic task is not inferior to similar masterpieces of the past.

Much here still needs restoration and repair. The Patriarchal Metochion is looking for philanthropists to finance the production of a unique iconostasis for the Trinity Church and the restoration of the manor house of K. A. Naryshkin. The preservation of this protected corner of Great Russia depends on the diligence of grateful descendants.

At the very beginning of the 18th century, Sviblovo went to a relative of Peter I on his mother’s side, Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin. Under him, in 1708, a one-domed church of brick and white stone was built. A year later, a bell tower appeared, receiving one of Peter's trophies - the Swedish bell. Stone chambers and a malt factory were also built. After the Battle of Poltava, Naryshkin took his people to other estates, and in Sviblovo he settled captured Swedes, “all sorts of craftsmen.” After some time, as a result of legal proceedings, the estate was again given to the Pleshcheevs. At different times, the owners of the Sviblovo estate were also the Golitsyns, Kazeevs, and Kozhevnikovs. From the 70s of the 19th century until the October events of 1917, the estate belonged to mining engineer Georgy Bakhtiyarovich Khalatov.

During Soviet times, the estates and the temple slowly fell into disrepair. Currently, the estate is being restored as the Patriarchal Compound of the Russian Orthodox Church, services are going on in the temple.

Trinity in Sviblovo Church (Lazorevy Proezd, building No. 15).

In 1677, in the village of Sviblovo (known since the 14th century as the estate of the boyar and governor Fyodor Andreevich Sviblo), a wooden church was built in honor of the holiday Life-Giving Trinity with the chapel of St. Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow. The stone Church of the Holy Trinity with the chapel of the Great Martyr George the Victorious appeared at the beginning of the 18th century. It combined the forms of the Naryshkin baroque with the techniques of the new order architecture of the time of Peter the Great, nicknamed the “Dutch architectural taste.” The temple is tiered, cruciform in plan, single-domed. The decorative details of the window frames and porticoes of the lower tier were made in the tradition of the 17th century, as was the St. George's chapel, which was added as a separate volume. The middle tier in its appearance contrasts sharply with the lower one; there is nothing here from the architectural elements of the 17th century. A prominent role in the decoration is played by a parapet with figured balusters, crowning the volume of the main quadrangle. The three-part arched quadrangle window is close in shape to Western European models. The upper tier - the figure of eight and a similar drum - again reminds of the Moscow tradition.

At the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, a house with outbuildings was erected on the estate, which have partially survived to our time. At the same time, a new two-tier bell tower was added to the Trinity Church, the lower tier of which is the entrance to the temple, and the upper one is an open bell. With the decline of the estate in the 2nd half of the 19th century, the church also fell into disrepair; services were rarely held there. In 1905, the decoration of the church building was reconstructed.

In 1938, the temple was closed, beheaded, and the interior decoration was destroyed. The building was occupied by production workshops. In April 1995, services resumed. Currently, the temple has been restored and has the status of a Patriarchal metochion. Its shrines are the especially revered icons of the Mother of God “Iverskaya” and “Merciful”.

Mikhail Vostryshev "Orthodox Moscow. All churches and chapels." http://iknigi.net/avtor-mihail-vostryshev/

Church in the name of St. Trinity, which existed in the 16th century. in the village of Sviblovo, it was probably destroyed at the beginning of the 17th century. during the Lithuanian time of troubles. In the scribe books of 1623-24. it is written: “behind the steward Andrei Pleshcheev in the patrimony that his father Lev Pleshcheev gave him, and that patrimony was given to his father Lev for the Moscow siege seat of the royal parish, the village of Sviblovo, on the Yauza River, and in it there was a temple in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity, yes There are four places on church land: Popovo, Dyachkovo, Ponomaryovo, and prosvirnitsino; arable church lands 20 quarters per field, hay on the Yauza River 10 kopecks; in the village there is a courtyard of patrimonial estates, business people live, 2 courtyards of people's backyards; And steward Andrei Pleshcheev is plowing the church land.”

In 1658 he owned his village brother Mikhail Lvovich Pleshcheev, under whom a new wooden church in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity with a chapel of St. was built in the village of Sviblovo around 1677. Alexei Metropolitan and was subject to tribute. In the census books of 1678 it appears: “behind the steward Mikhail Lvovich Pleshcheev in the patrimony of the village of Sviblovo, on the Yauza River, and in the village there is the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, and the chapel of Metropolitan Alexei, near the church in the yard there is priest Yakov, in the yard there is the sexton Vorfolomeiko, and in the village patrimonial yard and cattle yard, there are 9 families in them business people, 4 grooms’ yards and 4 cooks’ yards, 11 people in them.” In 1680 there was no priest at the church.

After M. L. Pleshcheev, the village of Sviblovo went to his nephews Semyon and Fedor Fedorovich Pleshcheev; in 1702 it belonged to the daughter of Semyon Fedorovich Pleshcheev, the maiden Marya, and from her it passed to her uncle Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin, for whom it was approved in 1704 by a refusal book: “denied to the handsome Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin, the niece of his maiden Marya Semyonovna Pleshcheyeva, the estate, that to him, Kirill Alekseevich, in 1704, according to the personal decree of the great sovereign and according to the oral will of her maiden Maryin, after the interrogation of her spiritual father Annunciation Cathedral, that in Verkh on Senya, the custodian of Ivan Afanasyev, given in the Moscow district, in Manatin, Bykov and Korovin the village of Sviblovo will be located, on the Yauza River, and in it there is a church in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity, and a chapel in the name of Metropolitan Alexei is wooden, Klettsky, yes in the same village of Sviblovo there is a votchinniki courtyard with all kinds of courtyard and mansion buildings and a garden, and every kind of factory, and in the courtyard of courtyards and business people there are 6 people, 4 courtyards of backyard people and 3 courtyards of courtyard people, there are 14 people in them.”

In the village of Sviblovo in 1708 a stone church of St. Trinity and on the day of consecration of the same year, December 24, “according to a blessed letter, an antimension was issued to the newly built Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, and the priest Yakov Ioannov took the antimension.” Under 1709 it says: “in the village of Sviblovo the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity with the chapel of St. Vmch. St. George's stone, near the church in the courtyard of the priest Philip Leontiev, he is serving the annual service, the courtyard of the patrimonial estates (Kirill Naryshkin), and according to the tale of the elder Fedot Timofeev, from the boyar's courtyard and from the backyards, people were all taken to different estates and in those courtyards live Swedes of all sorts of artisans People".

In 1721, by decision of the College of Justice, as a result of the request of Ivan Dmitrievich Pleshcheev, the village of Sviblovo, which was in the possession of Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin, was returned to the Pleshcheev family, and in the same year it was approved for him, Ivan Pleshcheev, with a refusal book: “refused steward Ivan Dmitrievich Pleshcheev, his close relative, the maiden Marya Semyonovna Pleshcheeva, in the Moscow district, the village of Sviblovo, and in that village there is a church of God in the name of St. Trinity, and the chapel of the Great Martyr George, a stone chapel and a stone bell tower with bells, chambers and cellars, and a cookhouse, and people's quarters, and a stone malt factory, light rooms and a stable yard, people's chambers and wooden grain barns; a mill on the Yauza River with four gates, a miller’s yard, and two foreigners live in it, and in the same village there are 4 ponds with fish.”

After the death of I. D. Pleshcheev, this village passed in 1728 to his son Semyon with his mother, widow Anna Dorofeevna Pleshcheeva, who married Prince Pyotr Yakovlevich Golitsyn with this estate. The Trinity Church in the village of Sviblovo, according to the parish books of the Patriarchal State Order, was written under the Seletsk tithe, for 1678-89. “in the estate of the steward Mikhail Pleshcheev,” and in 1690-1740. “in the patrimony of the steward Semyon and Fyodor Fedorovich Pleshcheev,” with the designation of tribute since 1712 39 altyn 2 money.

Kholmogorov V.I., Kholmogorov G.I. “Historical materials about churches and villages of the 16th - 18th centuries.” Issue 4, Seletskaya tithe of the Moscow district. Publication of the Imperial Society of Russian History and Antiquities at Moscow University. Moscow, in the University Printing House (M. Katkov), on Strastnoy Boulevard, 1885.