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What types of dances are there? Name of dance types. Types of modern dances - which one to choose? What is the name of the English couple dance?

Ballroom dance must be performed in pairs. Such dances today are usually called standardized sports dances performed at dance competitions and special events. Today in the world of dance there are two main classifications, together consisting of ten dance styles: European and Latin American programs. Read more about dancing below.

History of ballroom dance

The origin of the concept of “ballroom dance” comes from the Latin word “ballare”, meaning “to dance”. In past times, such dances were secular and intended only for high-ranking people, while folk dances remained for the poor. Since then, such a class division in dance, of course, no longer exists, and many ballroom dances are actually ennobled folk dances. In particular, modern ballroom dancing has been greatly influenced by the culture of African and Latin American peoples.

What is called ballroom dance depends on the era. At balls at different times, various dances were presented, such as polonaise, mazurka, minuet, polka, quadrille and others, which are now considered historical.

In the 1920s, the Ballroom Dancing Council was founded in Great Britain. Thanks to his activities, ballroom dance then acquired a competition format and began to be divided into two groups - sports and so-called social dances. The program included: waltz, tango, as well as slow and fast types of foxtrot.

During the period of the 30s - 50s, the number of dances increased: the program included such paired Latin American dances as rumba, samba, cha-cha-cha, paso doble and jive. However, in the 60s, ballroom dancing ceased to be an ordinary entertainment, since it required certain technical training from the dancers, and was supplanted by a new dance called the twist, which did not need to be danced in pairs.

European program dances

The program of European dances, or Standard, includes: slow waltz, tango, foxtrot, quickstep and Viennese waltz.

Slow waltz

In the 17th century, the waltz was a folk dance in Austrian and Bavarian villages, and only at the beginning of the 19th century was it introduced at balls in England. It was considered vulgar back then because it was the first ballroom dance where a dancer could hold his partner so close to him. Since then the waltz has taken many different forms, but each of them is united by unique elegance and romantic mood.

The peculiarity of the waltz is the musical size in three quarters and a slow tempo (up to thirty beats per minute). You can master its basic figures at home on your own.

Tango is a ballroom dance that originated in Argentina at the end of the 19th century. At first, tango was part of the Latin American dance program, but then it was transferred to the standard European program.

Perhaps, having seen tango at least once, subsequently everyone will be able to recognize this dance - this assertive, passionate manner cannot be confused with anything. A feature of tango is a sweeping step over the entire foot, which distinguishes it from the classic “flow” from heel to toe.

Slow foxtrot

The Foxtrot is a relatively simple ballroom dance that gives beginners an excellent foundation to build on. Foxtrot can be danced at a slow, medium or fast tempo, which allows even beginners without special skills to move gracefully across the floor. The dance is quite easy to learn from scratch.

main feature Foxtrot is an alternation of fast and slow rhythms, but always smooth and light steps, which should give the impression that the dancers are fluttering over the hall.

Quickstep

Quickstep appeared in the 20s of the XX century as a combination of foxtrot and Charleston. Musical groups of that time played music that was too fast for the foxtrot movements, so they were modified into the quickstep. Since then, as it has evolved, this ballroom dance has become even more dynamic, allowing dancers to show off their technique and athleticism.

The quickstep combines many different elements such as chassis, progressive turns and steps, to name a few.

The Viennese Waltz is one of the oldest ballroom dances, which is performed at a fast tempo that characterizes the first waltzes. The golden age of the Viennese waltz in Europe occurred at the beginning of the 19th century, when the famous composer Johann Strauss still lived and worked. The popularity of this waltz rose and fell, but it never went out of fashion.

The size of the Viennese waltz is the same as that of the slow one, it is three quarters, and the number of beats per second is twice as large - sixty.

Latin dances

The Latin American dance program is usually represented by the following sports ballroom dances: cha-cha-cha, samba, rumba, jive and paso doble.

Samba

This ballroom dance is considered the national dance of Brazil. The world began to discover samba in 1905, but this ballroom dance became a sensation in the United States only in the 40s thanks to the singer and movie star Carmen Miranda. Samba has many varieties, for example, the samba danced at Brazilian carnivals and the ballroom dance of the same name are not the same thing.

Samba combines many of the movements that distinguish other Latin American ballroom dances: there are circular movements of the hips, “springy” legs, and measured rotations. However, it is not very popular for learning: the fast pace of performance and the need for physical preparation often deprive beginning dancers of enthusiasm.

The name of this dance is a reference to the sounds that dancers make with their feet while dancing to the maracas rhythm. The dance evolved from rumba and mambo dance. Mambo was widespread in the United States, but its fast music was very difficult to dance to, so Cuban composer Enrique Jorin made the music slower - and the cha-cha-cha dance was born.

A special feature of the cha-cha-cha is the so-called triple step on two counts. This feature made the cha-cha-cha a separate dance, distinguishing it from mambo, although other movements are quite similar to this style. The cha-cha-cha is also characterized by minimal movement around the hall; basically, this ballroom dance is performed almost in one place.

Rumba has quite a rich history - it emerged both as a musical genre and as a dance style, the roots of which go back to Africa. Rumba is a very rhythmic and complex dance that has given rise to many other dance styles, including salsa.

Previously, this Latin American dance was considered too vulgar due to its relaxed movements. It is still called the dance of love. The mood of the dance can change during its performance - from measured to aggressive. The performance style is reminiscent of mambo and cha-cha-cha styles. The main measures of rumba are QQS or SQQ (from English S - “slow” - “slow” and Q - “quick” - “fast”).

"Paso doble" means "two steps" in Spanish, which defines its marching nature. It is a powerful and rhythmic dance characterized by a straight back, eyebrow gaze and dramatic poses. Among many other Latin American dances, Paso Doble is notable for the fact that you will not find African roots in its origin.

This Spanish folk dance was inspired by bullfighting, with the man invariably portraying the matador tamer and the woman playing the role of his cape or bull. However, when performing a paso doble at dance competitions, the partner never portrays a bull - only a cape. Due to its stylization and large quantity According to the rules, this ballroom dance is practically not performed outside of dance competitions.

Jive

Jive originated in African American clubs in the early 40s. The word "jive" itself means "misleading chatter" - a popular slang word among African Americans of the time. US military personnel brought the dance to England during World War II. There, jive was adapted to British pop music and took the form it has today.

A characteristic feature of jive is the fast pace of the dance, thanks to which the movements come out springy. Another feature of jive is straight legs. This sporty ballroom dance can be danced on either a six-beat count or an eight-beat count.

Above are some of the dances featured on this page. You can listen to them here or download them in mid format.
Almost all recordings are taken from the site http://www.midi.ru. You can look at this site, there are a lot of songs and dances you can download in this format.

Middle Ages

Allemande - means German - a smooth dance in moderate movement. Known since the 16th century. It became widespread at court balls.
Branle - translated from French means swinging, round dance. Dance of folk origin. In XV – 16th centuries became aristocratic, courtier.
Bourre is a French round dance of lively four-beat movement. The name speaks of how a bundle of brushwood is trampled underfoot. A moving court dance that was folk.

Renaissance

Pavane is a formal ballroom dance common in Europe in the 16th century. Musical size 4/4, 4/2, tempo slow.
Gallarda is a fast movement dance that was danced immediately after the slow pavane.
Courant (French courante) - translated from French current, running. French court smooth dance-procession. Spread in Europe. At first the musical size is 2/4, then three-beat.
Minuet (French menuet, from menu - small) is an ancient French folk dance, from the middle of the 17th century. ballroom. Spread in Europe. Musical time signature: 3/4. Before the advent of the waltz, he was considered the king of ballroom dancing. He danced with gallant bows and curtsies.
Sarabande (Spanish: zarabanda) is an ancient Spanish folk dance. In the XVII - XVIII centuries. spread to Western Europe as a ballroom dance. Musical time signature: 3/4, 3/2.
Ecosaise means “Scottish” in French. Appeared at balls at the end of the 17th century.

XVIII century

Gavotte (French gavotte) is an ancient French dance, originally folk, round dance, bipartite.
Giga means "ham". Once upon a time it was a sailor's dance, fast and impetuous. Appeared at balls in the 17th - 18th centuries.
Polonaise (from the French danse polonaise - Polish dance) - ballroom dance-procession. Origins in Polish folk dance. He was a courtier in France and other countries. Musical time signature: 3/4. One of the longest-lived dances. It was known as a court procession dance back in the 15th century.
Counterdance. This dance at balls was often called English, since it is an English rural dance in origin.
Bolero is a Spanish dance with a proud character. Musical time signature: 3/4.

19th century

Mazurka (Polish mazurek, from the name of the inhabitants of Mazovia - Masurians) is a Polish folk dance. He shone at balls in the 19th century. and even in the 20th century. A fast and fiery dance. Musical time signatures are 3/4 and 3/8.
Quadrille (French quadrille) translates as “four”. The dancers are arranged in a square. Folk and ballroom moving pair dance. Musical time signature is usually 2/4.
Gallop is a cheerful skipping dance. Appeared at Parisian balls.
Waltz (French valse, from German Walzer) is a ballroom dance in three-beat time. It gained popularity in all layers of European society (especially the so-called Viennese waltz, associated with the names of composers I. Strauss the father and I. Strauss the son). The genre and genre characteristics of the waltz have penetrated into many types of instrumental and vocal music of various schools of composers.
Cotillion is a ballroom dance similar to country dance.
Polka (Czech polka), folk and ballroom dance of Czech origin. Musical size 2/4.

XIX – early XX centuries

Krakowiak - Polish folk dance, then ballroom dance. Musical size 2/4. The lively, proud dance originated from the Polish city of Krakow.
Two-step (English two-step, from two - two and step - step) is an American ballroom dance. Spread to many countries in the 1920s. Musical size 2/4.
Tango (Spanish tango) is a modern ballroom dance. Known
"Gypsy tango", "Andalusian tango", "Creole tango" and the popular "Argentine tango", which spread in the 1910s. all over the world as salon and pop dance. Size 2/4, tempo moderate.

XX – XXI century

Agatha Christie

Waltz-Boston. The title mentions the American city of Boston. But the fashion for this dance has established itself in England and therefore it is called the English waltz. Musical time signature: 3/4.
Foxtrot (English: foxtrot, literally - fox step) is an American ballroom dance. Distributed in many countries. Musical time signature is 4/4. It has nothing to do with the fox, but is named after Harry Fox, who invented it. A fast foxtrot is called quickstep, a slow one is called slowfox.
Shimmy - a favorite dance of the 20s.
Charleston, American ballroom dance. Spread in many countries since the early 20s. XX century. Musical time signature is 4/4.
Bi-pop - dance and jazz music.
Blues - the name comes from the songs of American blacks, slow and melancholic, like this dance.
Boogie-woogie is a jazz freestyle sports dance.
Rock and roll - translated means “roll” and “swing”. Popular since the 50s. Dance with elements of acrobatics.
Rumba is a sharply rhythmic dance of Cuban origin. I got into dance halls in the 30s.
Samba is an energetic dance originally from Brazil.
Lambada is a variant of samba, popular in the 90s of the twentieth century.
Paso Doble is a dance that comes from Latin America. The movements imitate the behavior of a proud bullfighter.
Twist - translated from English means “twisting”. Dance of the 60s The dancers work diligently with their feet, as if crushing cigarette butts.
Shake - a fashionable dance of the 60s. Translated from English it means “to shake.” Size 4/4.
Breakdancing - Fashionable dance of the 80s. with jerking movements. Translated from English it means “to break.”
Merengue is a popular Latin American dance with a two-quarter rhythm, popular in the 21st century. Conveys the atmosphere of a fun tropical holiday.
Salsa is a four-quarter Latin dance. Danced since the 60s, it is also popular in the 21st century.
Mambo - the name is attributed to voodoo sorcerers who immersed a person in a hypnotic trance. The dance appeared in 1945.

An art such as dance began to develop at the dawn of humanity. Primitive tribes had their own special ritual dances, which were an important part of their traditions and existence. Their descendants, who began to build the first states, turned these gestures into part of the sovereign symbols. Thus, the first types of dances appeared, which to a greater extent testified to the origin of man, his roots. Today people dance everywhere, and their movements are no longer limited by any boundaries determined by the state. Well, let's take a closer look at what types of dances exist in certain parts of the planet and how they become popular all over the world.

What is dance

This term refers to a type of art in which artistic images are conveyed through plastic and rhythmic body movements. Any dance is inextricably linked with a certain music that suits its style. During this “ritual,” certain positions of the person’s body, the figures that he can show, and transitions from one pose to another are very important. Considering what types of dances there are in our time, it is easy to assume that there are simply countless such figures and movements. That is why they are divided into categories, which largely depend on the place of origin of a particular dance, as well as on its other features (pairs, group, single, etc.).

The history of the origins of dance art

Even during the existence of primitive tribes, the earliest types of dances arose. They were given names depending on the emotions they accompanied. For example, a tribe might try to bring rain after a long drought, and for this purpose a special ritual was composed, during which people moved in a certain way. Through rhythmic body movements, they thanked their gods, welcomed the birth of children and saw off their deceased ancestors. As an art form, dance was founded in the period of antiquity. At this time, special choreographic performances dedicated to the gods began to appear in Greece and Rome. At the same time, the very first eastern species dances in Babylon, Assyria, the Persian kingdom and other Asian countries. In the Middle Ages, this art found itself beyond the line of legality due to the spiritual views of mankind. But with the advent of the Renaissance, it began to develop and improve again. In the 16th century, a type of choreography called ballet appeared, which soon became a separate art form.

Classics and its variations

Professional dancers, learning this art from an early age, initially master classical dances. Their types depend on which program is taken as a basis - European or Latin. These two subgroups are united by good old classical choreography, which has much in common with ballet. The bottom line is that rehearsals take place to classical music, the dancers do stretching, study positions, plie, pique and other choreographic techniques. In the future, the quality of the dance will depend precisely on the purity and correctness of all these movements.

European program

Slow waltz. This is a golden dance classic, which is always accompanied by appropriate music in three quarters. For each beat, dancers take three steps, with the first being the main one, the second determining the angle of rotation, and the third being an auxiliary one, allowing the weight to be transferred to the other leg.
Tango. It was originally an Argentine folk dance, but later became incredibly popular all over the world and moved into the category of European classics. Its essence lies in the fact that two partners move energetically and rhythmically to the appropriate music (it is also called tango).
Viennese Waltz. This is a kind of analogy to a simple waltz, only it is danced a little faster and more energetically.
Foxtrot. This is a fast and vibrant dance that is performed both in pairs and in groups. It was invented by Harry Fox (hence the name) in the early 20th century, and its popularity has not waned since then.
Quickstep. This is the fastest dance from the European classics. It is performed in 4/4 rhythm, and there are as many as 50 bars per minute. It takes years of practice and grueling training to dance the foxtrot properly. It is important that all movements look easy, relaxed, and performed with incredible precision.

Latin American program

Popular types of dances that today often go beyond the classics will be listed here. Based on them, a wide variety of variations are created to simplify the choreography and make these dances accessible to everyone.

Samba. A Brazilian dance that arose from the fusion of African and Portuguese traditions. It is danced in 2/4 time, with up to 54 bars per minute. In the classical version, it is performed to the beat of drums or other Latin percussion instruments.
Cha-cha-cha. Characterized by much slower choreography. The time signature is 4/4, there are 30 bars per minute. The dance is most popular in Cuba, where it originated in the 20s of the last century. Today it is included in the classical dance program.
Rumba. The slowest and most intimate dance, which is always performed in pairs. Accuracy is not important here, as in other types of choreography. It is only important that the partners’ poses are very beautiful, that they form unique figures, and at the same time, each of their movements should be as flexible as possible.
Paso Doble. This dance has its roots in Spanish bullfighting. Here the partner often portrays a bullfighter, and his partner - a cloak. The essence of the choreography is the double step (hence the name).
Jive. African-American choreography, which also arose in the 20th century and became widespread in the United States. Jive is danced in swing mode, but at the same time it is very different from its modern analogue of the same name. Time signature - 4/4, number of beats per minute - 44.

Ballet

All currently existing types of dance are based on ballet to one degree or another. This art officially separated from general choreography in the 17th century, when the first French ballet school emerged. What are the features of ballet? Here the choreography is inextricably linked with the music and facial expressions of the performers. As a rule, each production has a specific script, which is why it is often called a mini-play. True, in some cases there are also “unscripted” ballets, where dancers simply demonstrate their incomparable and precise skills. Ballet is divided into three categories: romantic, classical and modern. The first is always a mini-play on a love theme ("Romeo and Juliet", "Carmen", etc.). The classic one can personify any plot (for example, “The Nutcracker”), but its important element is choreography based on acrobatics and excellent plasticity. Modern ballet includes different types of dances. There are elements of jive, Latin choreography, and classical music. A distinctive feature is that everyone dances in pointe shoes.

Modern choreography

Nowadays, modern types of dances are popular all over the world, regardless of traditions and religion. Their names are known to everyone, and at the same time almost everyone can learn to perform them. Such body movements do not require special stretching, preparation or natural plasticity. The main thing is to join the rhythm and become one with the music. Let us immediately note that all the dances that will be listed below are the basis for the so-called “club choreography”. These movements are quickly learned and mixed by modern youth, resulting in a unique mix that can be seen in any nightclub in any city in the world.

Modern dance

Tectonic. It arose in the 21st century on the basis of jumpstyle, hip-hop, popping, techno style, etc. Always dancing to fast electronic music.
Strip dance. This is the basis of any striptease, in other words, a dance that may involve further undressing. The essence lies in plastic movements, and also often in interaction with other objects. This is how the famous pool dance, lap dance, etc. were born.
Go go. Erotic dance that does not involve undressing. Aimed at entertaining the crowd in the club. May contain any plastic elements that will correspond to the playing music.
Hakka. A dance that originated in the Netherlands, in hardcore circles. His movements are based on music in this style.
Jumpstyle. The dance, based on jumping, is one of the few modern ones that is danced in pairs. But at the same time, it has a peculiarity - partners should not touch each other.
D'n'B Step. This is exclusively an attribute of the drum and bass style. Choreography always depends on the rhythm and tempo of the music.
Shuffle. The dance originated in Australia and is based on jazz. All movements, in particular the steps characteristic of this style, are performed to electronic fast music at a faster tempo.

Based on the plot of the movie "Step Up"...

After the first part of this wonderful film was released, young people actively began to study all kinds of street dances, which are characterized by freestyle and at the same time incredible plasticity and precision of movements. Let us list their main types, which have already become “street classics”:

Hip-hop. This is a whole cultural movement that originated in the 70s in New York among representatives of the working class. It covers not only unique choreography, but also slang, fashion, behavior and other areas of life. Within the hip-hop culture, there are a wide variety of dance types, more or less difficult to perform. This includes breaking, DJing, MCing, club hip-hop and much more.
Breakdancing, also called b-boying. Initially, it was part of hip-hop culture, and then, due to its uniqueness, it became a separate dance.
Crip Walk. A dance that originated in Los Angeles. Characterized by steps that are performed in the spirit of improvisation, at a very fast pace.
Popping. The dance is based on the rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles, due to which the human body shudders. It is important to observe certain positions and postures in which such movements look most impressive.

In the spirit of folk traditions

In each state, in addition to the flag and anthem, there is another, no less important attribute - dance. Each nation is characterized by its own movements, its own rhythms and tempos, which have developed historically. Based on the characteristics of the choreography, you can easily determine what nationality a person is and what country he represents. Such performances are performed mainly in a group, but there are some exceptions when only two partners perform. Now we will look at the types of folk dances that are the most popular all over the world. By the way, some of them became the basis of classical choreography, and some served as an excellent start for the development of street dancing.

Dances of the peoples of the world

Attan is the official folk dance of Afghanistan. It is also performed by many neighboring peoples in various variations.
Hopak - dance of the peoples of Ukraine. It is always performed in national costumes, in a very fast and energetic rhythm. It is characterized by jogging, squats, jumping and other active body movements.
Trepak is a native Russian dance, which is also common in Ukraine. It is always performed in a bipartite meter, and is accompanied by fractional steps and stamping.
Zika is a famous Chechen dance performed exclusively by men. As a rule, it is an accompanying element for important religious events.
Krakowiak is the most famous Polish dance. Performed in a fast rhythm, always with a straight back.
Round dance. A dance-game that was previously popular among many nations. The rules are different everywhere, but the point is that a huge number of people take part in the round dance.
Lezginka is the most famous choreographic performance in the Caucasus. It is danced by Chechens, Armenians, Georgians, Azerbaijanis and many other peoples.

Types of oriental dances

In the east, the art of dance had a completely different development than in the countries of Europe and America. Men here always performed group mini-performances that accompanied some important events. A woman's dance is a kind of sacrament. A wife can dance only for her husband, and alone. This choreographic culture has been widespread from time immemorial throughout Western Asia, but in each country it has its own characteristics. Therefore, now we will look at what types of dances exist in this or that Eastern state and how they are characteristic.

Turkish. They are always performed in bright costumes, accompanied by fast music. They are characterized by rhythmic movements, very high plasticity and even acrobatics.
Egyptian. This is the most modest oriental choreography. The costumes are restrained, as are the movements, and the music is slow and measured. There is no place for frivolous body movements in Egyptian dances - this is considered debauchery.
Arabic. This is real scope for improvisation and variation. If you know what types of dances there are in the East and how they are performed, you can put all the techniques and techniques together, and you will get an excellent performance in the Arabic style.
Lebanese. The most unique and unusual. They combine elements of Turkish and Egyptian choreography. Therefore, fast and rhythmic movements alternate with slow and measured ones. The action is also characterized by the use of foreign objects (cymbals, canes, etc.).
Persian dance consists of graceful movements that mainly involve the arms, head and long hair.

How did belly dancing come about?

Almost all women in the world dream of mastering this choreographic style, but only a few master it perfectly. Many attribute its origins to the Middle East, but in fact the dance originated in India. Even before the birth of Christ, this custom was transferred from their homeland by the gypsies to Egypt, where it became popular. Various types of belly dancing began to emerge there, which very soon spread throughout the Middle East. Well, let's look at which of them are now the most famous:

Dance with the snake. It requires a combination of flexibility and courage, as well as the ability to handle this animal.
Dance with fire. During the production, torches, candles, lamps with essential oils and much more that glorifies the cult of fire.
Dance with cymbals. This drum hand tool is a relative of the Spanish castanets. Performing rhythmic movements, the dancer accompanies herself.
Raqs el-Sharqi is a belly dance that involves the area from the navel to the hips.
Raqs el-Shamadam is a performance in which a woman dances with a candelabra on her head. Very popular in Egypt.

Types of sports dances

Sports dancing is a kind of analogue of classical ballroom choreography. The difference is that dancers are trained according to a more strict and intensive program, with special emphasis on stretching, precision of movements, and speed of their execution. An important component of any sports dance is not the beauty of the performance, but the technicality of performing all the movements. In general, this subgroup consists of choreographic productions known to us, among which there are standard European and Latin programs.

Conclusion

We looked at what types of dances exist in different countries, decided on their styles and features. As it turned out, each choreographic production has its own tempo, rhythm, and character of execution. Also, many dances cannot exist without facial expressions, certain costumes, style and even the mood of those who perform them. Therefore, if you are going to master this art, it is important to initially decide which style you like to dance in, and which of them is most suitable for you in terms of capabilities and even the structural features of your figure. And in the future, for self-improvement, you will only need diligence and practice. Go for it!

The text of the work is posted without images and formulas.
Full version work is available in the "Work Files" tab in PDF format

1. Introduction.

Currently, our society is showing great interest in dances of various styles and directions. This is due to the numerous shows that are shown on television: “Dancing” on TNT, “You are super!” Dancing”, “Dancing with the Stars”, with the desire to lead a healthy lifestyle, to be beautiful, healthy, fashionable. Young people through choreography, using the plasticity of their bodies, express their feelings and views on life. Dance has become an integral part of youth culture. Accordingly, the speech included the names of dances unknown to our parents and grandparents. But the names of the dances of their era have not disappeared from the language.

Having become interested in the topic of dance names, we found out that it is difficult for a modern young person to find accessible information on this issue. There is little work in this direction.

We believe that a person engaged in choreography who loves dance must master not only the technique of performing it, but also understand the meaning of its name and know its origin. This is the only way to understand the “soul” of dance.

Our research will be of interest to everyone involved in choreography, who is trying to learn as much as possible about their hobby, including from the point of view of the Russian language.

Relevance of our work is due, on the one hand, to the important place that choreography, dance, occupies in life modern society, on the other hand, the need for a partial lexical analysis of the names of modern dances, their systematization, since there are no available works in this direction written in popular language.

Research problem: the need to create a Popular Dictionary of the names of modern dances for everyone interested in choreography.

Purpose of the study: create a manual, a popular dictionary containing a lexical analysis of the names of modern dances.

Object of study: names of modern dances.

Research objectives:

Study literature that contains a lexical analysis of the names of dances popular in modern society.

Define the names of modern dances by studying the history of their origin and appearance in Russia.

Select material for compiling a Popular Dictionary of the names of modern dances.

Learn the rules for compiling a dictionary entry.

Compile a popular dictionary of names of modern dances in alphabetical order.

Practical significance Our work is that everyone interested in choreography will be able to find in our Popular Dictionary the definition of the modern dance they need.

Research methods: study of scientific and popular literature, analysis, search and comparative analysis, systematization and synthesis of information.

2. The degree of knowledge of the names of modern dances in scientific and popular literature.

Having asked ourselves the question of compiling a Popular Dictionary of Modern Dance, we decided to analyze the literature devoted to this issue and accessible to the young reader. It should be noted that there are few such works.

First of all, I would like to highlight “ Brief dictionary dances" edited by Professor A.V. Filippov. It is positioned as a popular scientific publication of cultural and philological orientation, intended for everyone who is interested in culture. In this source we find a huge variety of dances of the peoples of the world with an indication of their origin, detailed description. At the same time, there is not a single modern popular name for a dance or dance direction, such as “twerg”, “hip-hop”, etc.

We tried to find definitions of modern dances in various dictionaries of foreign words. We turned to the “New Dictionary of Foreign Words” edited by E.N. Zakharenko, to the “Modern Dictionary of Foreign Words” edited by L.P. Krysin. , to the “School Dictionary of Foreign Words”. These publications also could not help us in determining the lexical meaning of the names we needed.

Thus, we came to the conclusion that information about the names of modern dances and movements can only be found in articles of popular publications, on the pages of Wikipedia, and that our work on compiling a Popular Dictionary of the names of modern dances will be appropriate, relevant and in demand.

3. Review of the names of modern dances, their origin and features of use in Russian.

Modern youth dance is a rhythmic, bright phenomenon that allows you to detach yourself from everyday problems and at the same time, requiring enormous physical effort and work on yourself.

Dance has now combined all possible historical forms: primitive, folk, ballroom, sports. All dance styles and directions tend to mix and penetrate each other.

There are no geographical or political boundaries for dance, so Russia XX-XXI centuries a stream of foreign language names for modern dances “gushed out”. Leonid Petrovich Krysin wrote about this phenomenon in his work “On the Russian Language of Our Days,” explaining this process by the intensification of relations with speakers of foreign languages after the collapse of the USSR. These foreign words (terms) fully retain traces of their origin and have not yet been assimilated into the Russian language.

Most of the names of modern dances (dance styles) come from English. This is hip-hop Hip hop), dancehall (English) Dancehall), wog (English) Vogue), breaking (English) Breakdance), contempo (English) Contemporary dance), house (English) House), trans (English) Trance), locking, jumpstyle Jumpstyle), tectonic (distorted English. Tectonic), waacking (eng. Waacking), drum and bass (eng. DrumandBassstep), half-dance (English) . Poledance), twerk (eng. Twerk).

There are names that come from the French language (electro), the Japanese language (butoh), and the Maori language (haka).

It is interesting that there are no analogues of these terms in the Russian language yet.

All of the above names of modern dances and dance styles will be reviewed and described on the pages of our Popular Dictionary. But before you start creating it, you need to study the rules for writing a dictionary entry.

4.Rules for compiling a dictionary entry.

Words in the Dictionary are arranged in alphabetical order. The dictionary entry is structured as follows: after the title word there is an etymological note (information about the origin of the word), followed by an interpretation and examples of the use of the word. An indication of belonging to a particular field of knowledge and stylistic characteristics come before interpretation. Sometimes a word, instead of a detailed interpretation, is given a reference to another dictionary entry.

The head word is given in bold capital letters and is in its original form with emphasis. The spelling of words and stress correspond to current spelling and spelling standards. Etymological information is given after the title word in square brackets. Each word is accompanied by an indication of the source of the borrowing. Sign< означает "из", "происходит от...", "восходит к...". В этимологической справке приводится слово, которое послужило основой заимствования -этимон. При подаче этимона используется латинская графика. Если значение заимствованного слова совпадает со значением слова в языке-источнике, то перевод обычно не дается. ДЕ"НДИ[англ. dandy] - изысканно одетый светский человек; щеголь, франт.Толкованиеявляется основным элементом словарной статьи. Оно, как правило, носит энциклопедический характер, раскрывает выражаемое словом понятие, включая необходимые научные, технические, исторические и другие сведения о предмете, явлении, оставаясь при этом максимально кратким.

5. Popular dictionary of names of modern dances.

BREAK-DA"NS [English breakdance] is a street dance that gave rise to hip-hop. Today, there are two main types of this dance: lower extreme - the dancer performs mainly acrobatic and power tricks on the floor; upper breakdance is based on the plasticity of the body: these are movements of the body in space and fixes, which at first glance contradict all the laws of physics and gravity. The dance came from New York. Breakdancing originated in the late 60s, but it is generally accepted that it is a separate dance. it was formed by 1973.

BU "TO [Japanese 舞踏] is an avant-garde dance form that originated in Japan.

Introduced in the late 1950s, butoh was a completely new form of dance. In butoh there are no jumps, hops, or spins. Sometimes there is no movement at all - simply maintaining a position, standing or squatting without any apparent intention of ever getting up again. Butoh performers make effective use of the Japanese sense of time, which pulsates in such a subtle rhythm that it is almost undetectable. Butoh dancers do not just dance, but rather enjoy human experiences - screaming, crying, hugging, eating and drinking. They bring us face to face with our existence, as people with our own unique personality. There is an effect of embodied expression, a representation of bodies in their real form of existence.

WA "KING [English Waacking] is the commercial name of the dance, which appeared in connection with its spreading popularity (from waack - wave your arms),

Wacking originated as part of the locking culture in 1972 - 1973. Wacking includes the art of clear poses and lines (voque) and one way walking. Nowadays, wacking is constantly used to create spectacular shows, but one must always remember that, after all, it is no longer choreography, but self-expression and individuality. Modern wacking is popular as a basis for bright, extravagant dance performances.

VOG [English] Vogue] is a dance style based on model poses and catwalk gait. How dance begins its history in the 70s. The style originated in Harlem Prison, located in the northern part of New York's Manhattan borough, where prisoners amused themselves by imitating the poses of models from magazine photographs. Initially, it was just a simple copying of poses. Subsequently, the posing was complemented by movement and music, transforming into dance. Distinctive features: fast technique of hand movements, pretentious mannered gait, falls, rotations, copious amounts of posing, emotional play. Vogue is performed to House style music. Vok brought freshness and new breath to modern choreography.

JA "MPSTYLE [English Jumpstyle] is a dance style that spread in Europe in last years, mainly in the Netherlands, Belgium, but also in northern Germany and France. The dances take place to energetic electronic music; each dancer, in his own way, makes movements similar to jumps to the rhythm of the music, which is why the style got its name. If there are several dancers, they should not touch their partner. Non-synchronized actions by different dancers are encouraged.

DRAM-N-BASE [English - Drum and Bass] is a street dance, an attribute of the youth subculture, performed to music in the D-n-B style, most often at so-called gatherings (informal meetings or D"n"B-parties ), battles (dance competitions, from the English battle - battle).

Drum and bass has absorbed elements of break beat and hip-hop. It is performed in comfortable sneakers or sneakers with flat soles and, most often, jeans or pants that do not restrict movement.

DE "NSHALL [English Dancehall] is a street Jamaican dance, literally - “dance hall”. This style owes its name to the spaces, rooms (halls) in which Jamaicans dance. There are several styles: energetic and tough male style, as well as Sensual and graceful feminine dance hall style is characterized by amplitude movements, where the emphasis is on individual parts of the body, such as waves or shaking. This allows you to fully express emotions through body movements.

CONTE"MP [English Contemporary] - This is a modern, constantly evolving style, in which the search for expressive forms is still ongoing. Contempo is not a single unambiguous style, but a combination of dance techniques from Western (classical dance, modern jazz) and Eastern (qigong, tai chi chuan, yoga) art of movement. Contemp - a tool for developing the body and forming individual choreographic vocabulary. Contempo is characterized by a research orientation through the interaction of dance with the developing philosophy of movement and possibilities human body. Contempo is usually danced barefoot. The main thing in contemporary is the pleasure of dance, movement, improvisation.

TRANS [English] Trance]- This is a dance - improvisation, a dance of the spirit, free from illusions, a dance of power, where the dancer is first of all a personality, an artist, and not a performer of someone else's canon. In trance there is no melody or vocals, which frees the dancer from following their will, and the rhythm promotes free improvisation and finding a “new self”. The basis of trance is the content and state. The relationship to dance is deeper, reminiscent of a journey in space and time. Creativity and liberation are important here. This gives strength, energy, and lifts you above everyday life. The dance is very energy-intensive and is performed over long periods of time. The dance is based on swing and vibration, which either spreads throughout the body or is concentrated in the shoulders, elbows, and palms. The goal is to show the frailty of all worldly hobbies and take the dancer to higher spheres.

TWERK [English] Twerk] is a type of dance that involves active work of the hips and buttocks, while the upper body must remain practically motionless. Twerking is also called booty dance and booty shake. This extravagant dance leaves no one indifferent. It attracts with its relaxed movements and surprises with a certain primitiveness mixed with modernity and simplicity.

TEKT "ONIK [English Tecktonik] is a new dance movement of the 21st century, which contains elements of electro, hip-hop, locking, techno, etc. Typical appearance tectonics dancers - these are tapered jeans, trousers, a tight short T-shirt with tectonics symbols, a white belt, wristbands, leg warmers bright colors on hands, basketball style sneakers. In addition, the dancers have “futuristic” and sometimes even “gothic” hairstyles on their heads.

HA"KKA [English Hakka] is a dance style that appeared in the late eighties. The impetus for its appearance was the development and wide popularity of the musical style hardcore. There is no exact information about the possible ancestor of this dance. It is known that the dance style appeared almost at the same time as the emergence of a new “heavy” musical style. Thanks to the super-fast tempo of hardcore compositions, which is 150-200 beats per minute, the movements of the dance style itself are also quite energetic: their frequency must coincide with the main bass beats of the composition. Hakku includes a number of elements that form the basis of this dance, the rest is improvisation. Improvisation is performed within the strict framework of the hardcore subculture. The basic movement of this style is a rhythmic stepping of the legs with periodic throwing of them one after the other. From time to time, new leg movements (throws) are added to the dance. The dancer's hands are in free flight, this is pure improvisation. The main thing is that they emphasize the musical pattern of the work and repeat the rhythm of the melody.

HA "US [English House] is a dynamic and positive dance style. It was born when house music appeared - in the 80s. House music is very fast, rhythmic, energetic, and so is the dance style it gives birth to - house. This style is composed of dance movements of breakdance, hip-hop, jazz, disco, Latin, which makes it one of the most interesting and popular dance styles. At the beginning of its development, house dance was hard and sharp, movements were performed with tense hands. and were clearly fixed, the body had to be rigid, and the gait should be firm. Gradually, the dance movements became more flexible, free, and relaxed. Soft, springy movements of the legs appeared, and a peculiar swing and wide amplitude movements of the body and arms were preserved. House dance moves are based on three basic elements.

The first is House jacking ), that is, swaying the body to the rhythm of the music.

Movements should be smooth and fast, involving the pelvis, back, and neck.

The second essential element of the house style is the acrobatic wave (House lofting).

The third element is House footwork: steps, pushes, “springs”, rotations, which came to House from African dances and jazz.

SHAKE [ English shaek] is a modern English couple dance, which is characterized by improvisation and sharp shoulder movements in the manner of stage behavior of the members of the Beatles.

ELE "KTRO [English Electro dance] is a dance that was born in the 50s of the twentieth century. It involves high speed, a high amplitude of movements, turns. A good dancer in electro is the one who hears the music perfectly and can show it through his body. Electro style choreography , is not very difficult, but to fully study and understand you should learn to analyze and understand vocals and music well, this requires a lot of time.

Conclusion

In our work, we studied the literature on the names of modern dances included in Lately into our lives and therefore into our language. We found out that there is practically no such work. A person who is passionate about choreography has to collect material bit by bit.

Having studied the rules for compiling a dictionary entry, we created our own Popular Dictionary of the names of modern dances, including 15 concepts.

Our Dictionary will soon be printed in an edition of 10 copies to replenish the library of the Municipal Educational Institution Smelovskaya Secondary School, for presentation to the director and members of the modern choreography dance group that the author visits.

Our Dictionary will be updated with new concepts.

Bibliography

Filippov A.V., Letyagova T.V. A short dictionary of dances. - Moscow: Flinta, 2006.

Zakharenko E.N., Komarova L.N., Nechaeva I.V. New dictionary of foreign words: over 25,000 words and phrases. - M.: LLC IF "Azbukovnik", 2008. - 1040 p. — 3rd ed., rev. and additional

Krysin L.P. Modern dictionary of foreign words. - M.: AST-PRESS KNIGA, 2012. - 416 p. — (Desktop dictionaries of the Russian language)

Odintsov V.V., Ivanov V.V., Smolitskaya G.P. et al. / Ed. Ivanova V.V. School dictionary of foreign words. - 8th ed. ed. - Moscow: Education, 2006.

Krysin L.P. About the Russian language of our days // The changing linguistic world. Perm.. - 2002. - No. 3.

Dance relaxes the body, makes the soul have fun, and puts thoughts in order. Even if you don’t have any dance skills or talents, you can always have fun by turning on music at home.

Each nation has a number of its own names and dance styles. Many countries organize entire festivals where smartly dressed participants demonstrate their skills.

Olympiads and competitions in this type of art are held annually.

To understand different styles and names, it is recommended to find out the benefits, find out the classic and modern styles, and also familiarize yourself with the list of names of the peoples of the world.

Any type of dancing, regardless of stylistic direction, represents physical activity for a person.

Some doctors advise spending at least 15 minutes on dance movements - this will strengthen the torso muscles, tighten the abs, and normalize the functioning of all body systems.

In order to bolster the confidence of your dance endeavors, here is a list of the beneficial qualities of this type of art for human health.

Consider:

Positive effect on joint tissue - a few minutes a day of moving your butt and buttocks will look much more beautiful.
Body and back muscle training. The formation of beautiful posture occurs through learning Spanish movements, for example, flamenco.
Dance gymnastics develops body flexibility: what are erotic maneuvers worth for girls - after a month of classes, the figure looks much slimmer.
The decrease in the incidence of colds is associated with a general strengthening, hardening effect: by actively moving, a person strengthens the immune system.
The skills of this art train the respiratory system, improve blood circulation, strengthen the vestibular apparatus and normalize coordination of movements.
Complex types, as well as active types, such as disco, improve cerebral circulation and human memory.
Dancing affects the mental state of men and women. Sports activities also improve your mood and help fight stress.

You can engage in this type of art at any age, there are only restrictions due to health reasons.

Classic styles

Dance, as a separate art form, appeared at the dawn of humanity. Artistic images were transmitted to other people through movements during the formation of tribes and communities.

Later, such “rituals” developed into real classes and types of dance movements.

Classical styles are presented in the list below, they are divided into Latin and European groups:

Slow waltz.
Tango.
Viennese Waltz.
Foxtrot.
Quickstep.
Samba.
Rumba.
Paso Doble.
Cha cha cha.
Jive.

The Latin American group is characterized by energetic movements, while the European group is characterized by smooth maneuvers.

Separately, it is worth highlighting ballet and ballroom dancing, which today are usually taught to girls from early childhood. Majority classic options provides the opportunity to perform in pairs.

Important! The conditions for classical dance are combinations of certain movements: turn, jump, large dance step, flexibility, plasticity of the legs.

Having learned these types of art, in the future you can easily master almost any type of new dance in the studio.

Types of modern dances

Recently, a huge number of new dance styles have appeared.

Such options are chosen by modern youth: they organize flash mobs, participate in large-scale performances, striking with energy and innovation of movements.

Note! New species are characterized by unusual movements, often incomprehensible to people of the old generation.

To understand among the new stylistic trends and types, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with a selection of names:

Name	Description
Kizomba	An African type of street dance, a mixture of Angolan semba and Caribbean zouk
Vogue	Based on the model's walk on the catwalk
House	Speed, dynamism and drive are the main components
"On style"	Newfangled type to the song of the group “Time and Glass”
Filthy	Invented from the film of the same name, it is characterized by an abundance of hugs and cuddles
In the nude	Performed by professional pole dancers
Jazz funk	Emotional facial expressions and mannerisms clearly emphasize the expression of style
Contemporary	Art Nouveau look, characterized by storytelling through movement
Hip-hop	Formed in the 70s in America as a way of self-expression
Robot dance	Artistic imitation of the movements of a mechanized robot

List of dances of the peoples of the world

Each country has a unique calling card - folk dance. When organizing nationwide festivals, these types are necessarily performed by professional dancers.

The style of each country is unique and inimitable, and the movements themselves were formed at the dawn of the formation of the nationality.

Consider the list of the most common folk options:

Russian folk dances - Berezka, Bychok, Crane, Kalinka, Tanok, Round dance.
Irish style - Jig, Reel, Hornpipe, performed with a pipe.
Polish - Mazurka, Polonaise, Krakowiak.
Turkish - Halai, Hora.
Georgian - Kartuli, Lezginka, Shalakho.
Jewish – Chava Nagila, Chora, Jewish ballet.
Mexican - Volador, Tsapateado, Jarabe Tapatio - performed in full skirts with castanets.
Cuban - Casino, Danson, Contradance.
Eastern - Bellydance, Baladi, Geveyzi.
Japanese - Slam drama, Kagura, Para Para.

Ancient traditions are skillfully intertwined with modern innovations, forming new styles and types of dances.

Young people love to have fun with the music of such performers as Yegor Creed, Arkay, Pharaoh.

Dancing relaxes the mind, so a few minutes of activity will help you feel relaxed and clear your thoughts.