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Stairs to the second floor in a wooden house: stylish design ideas Wooden stairs - the right choice and overview of design options Marking and manufacturing elements

Nowadays, people are increasingly trying to build houses not on one floor, but on two or even three floors, this is more often associated with saving the occupied area of \u200b\u200bthe house on a plot of land. There are many options for stairs, which are classified both by the material of manufacture, and by the shape of the structure or style according to fashion trends. In this article we will tell you about wooden stairs, what are the design requirements, what parameters you need to pay attention to when calculating (designing a staircase for use inside the house for climbing and descending between floors, you need to take into account one of the main parameters, this is the ability to climb this staircase to raise large-sized furniture, such as a sofa, to the floor), which types of wood can be used for stairs and what is their peculiarity, we will help you determine in which style to choose a staircase, modern, loft, country or others, how to properly care for wooden stairs in order to they lasted as long as possible.

Types of wooden stairs

Stairs made of wood are very diverse, they are divided both by type of construction and by material.

Design options include the following:

direct march;
attached;
screw;
folding;
rotary.

In the case of long flights of stairs or in cases where structural reinforcement is needed, or just for design, carved supports, as well as simple square ones, can be used.

The material for stairs made of wood are various types of wood: oak, birch, pine, ash, beech, larch. To decorate wooden stairs, they are often combined with forged parts; such stairs have a very noble look.

One-flight ladder

A straight single-flight staircase to the second floor made of wood is a very common design, often used in small spaces. The most rational use of single-flight stairs in rooms with low ceilings, in high rooms it would be advisable to use a staircase with a spiral structure or a multi-flight staircase.

Along with the pros, there are a number of cons:

difficult execution of the manufacture of a bowstring;
the different width of the step along its entire plane reduces the comfort when moving during ascent and descent;
it is difficult to move large items, especially with a small opening diameter.

folding ladder

There are many varieties of wooden folding stairs. The folding ladder has a large number of pluses, especially in rooms with a shortage of free space.

Varieties of folding stairs:

folding ladder - it will be a great helper when repair work, light bulb replacement, etc.;

folding loft ladder attic space rarely used as often as the second floor in the house, so building a full-fledged stationary staircase to the attic is not always rational, based on financial and physical costs. Accommodation attic stairs when folded in the hatch to the attic - a very convenient and functional solution that will save space in the house in the first place;

folding ladder in different options executions: chair, ironing board. This is a convenient and functional ladder used as part of the interior, with functionality for domestic use and, if necessary, performing the functions of a ladder.

Turning stairs

Stairs with turntables, as we wrote earlier, are more often used in rooms with high ceilings. Turning stairs are installed due to the need to maintain the optimal angle of climbing the stairs. There are two main options for turning stairs:

L-shaped staircase (with a turn of 90 degrees) - used in rooms with large dimensions;
U-shaped staircase (with a turn of 180 degrees) - used in rooms with a shortage of free space.

Stair structures

Consider in detail wooden structure stairs, this will allow you to more fully represent all the elements of the stairs. Not knowing what elements the object that you are going to build consists of, whether it be a staircase, a house, a chair or a closet, you can not take into account some of the important structural elements in the construction, which can lead to additional expenditure of effort and money when correcting an admitted errors.

Consider each element of the stairs separately:

The load-bearing elements of the stairs can be: kosour, bowstring, bolts, modular or frame structure. A little later we will consider each of them in detail.
Steps - there are several parameters that are important to consider in this part of the stairs. This is the width of the tread, its size for comfortable use should be from 23 to 27 cm, the length of the steps is the width of the march and depends on the functionality of the stairs. When used at home, it is important to provide that two people can disperse on the stairs and it is possible to lift large-sized furniture to the second floor. Another important parameter is the thickness of the step, it also depends on the presence of a riser, which gives additional rigidity. Steps in height should be in the range from 13 to 19 cm.
Multi-flight stairs are built using a turntable or winder steps.
Safe movement on stairs also depends on the presence of railings, especially if children use the stairs.
Retaining poles - used to support the turntable and to strengthen the structure in places where it is needed.

For the successful construction of stairs, there is another parameter that is not directly related to the stairs, but is important for its comfortable use. This is the size of the opening, according to the norms, the edge of the opening must be at a height of at least 200 cm from the step of the stairs below it, non-compliance given parameter leads to discomfort when using the stairs, especially for tall people.

Bowstring or kosour

When installing a wooden staircase to the second floor, two options are possible load-bearing structure, which are very similar, in both cases two boards are used with an average size of 300 mm (width) by 40 mm (thickness). The difference is the form of mounting steps:

A bowstring is an element in which grooves are cut out for steps, in the form, as shown in the figure, such grooves must be made mirrored on two boards, then steps and risers are inserted into them. If you look at the side of the ladder, no steps will be visible on the bowstring.

Kosour is an element that is obtained by cutting triangular elements from a board in such a way that the same shape as a groove on a bowstring is obtained, the result is a board in the form of a saw, on the second board it is necessary to make exactly the same cutouts in a mirror, the steps should be laid on platforms, and the riser is screwed to a vertical plane. If you look at the side of the stairs on the stringers, steps will be visible.

Bolt mount

In the bolt design, load-bearing railings are used, to which the steps are attached using metal rods, on the other side the steps are attached to the wall, provided that the wall is strong enough. In the absence of a solid wall on the second side, it is possible to use a kosour or bowstring, there are cases when load-bearing railings are used on both sides, this design is mainly used when the staircase is located not near the wall, but in the middle of the room

Processing a wooden staircase

Before you start coating a wooden staircase, you need to understand what effect you want to achieve. By choosing certain style stairs, modern, classical or some other, you must understand that the wrong coating can ruin the overall look of all the work done.

For the processing of wood stairs, various kinds of compositions are used, it can be:

Stain. The tool has bio- and fire-retardant properties, and with the help of wood stain, you can give the wood the required tinting.

Varnish. There are glossy and matte varnishes. They are used for processing external stairs. They have poor resistance to temperature changes. The advantage of varnish is that it does not hide the structure of the wood, dries well and protects the wood from moisture. It is not recommended to use yacht varnish for internal works, it has a pungent odor and contains toxic substances.

The choice of paint for covering the stairs must be approached responsibly. In the country, a wooden staircase can be painted with paint that is less expensive and of lower quality. More often, for the construction of stairs in the country house, existing non-new building materials are used, and there is no need to preserve the structure of the tree (we mean cottages in the broad sense of the word, not taking into account mansions with good repair and quality materials). In such cases, inexpensive oil or enamel paints are suitable, which have a wide range of colors, completely hide the texture of the wood, as a result of which it does not “breathe”.

To cover higher quality stairs, it is better to use alkyd or acrylic paints, they contain antiseptics that protect the stairs from insects and the formation of rot and mold, are resistant to mechanical damage, the tree "breathes".

To assemble the stairs, fasteners are used, which are also desirable to hide, for this they use wooden plugs, for stairs it is necessary to choose the color of the plugs to match the whole structure.

There are many more staircase processing options that you can find on our website, including antique staircase processing, veneering, and much more.

Benefits of a wooden staircase

Summing up the article, we will tell you what are the main advantages of wooden stairs:

The most, in our opinion, the main advantage is the environmental safety of the material, it does not contain harmful and toxic substances.
Availability of material, many options in different price ranges.
Durability, often stairs serve more than one generation.
It lends itself well to processing, it is possible to give any shape and create unique patterns.
Maintainability, possible as minor repairs using varnish, mastic or putty, as well as replacing individual structural elements.

What stairs to build to the second floor? This question is asked by almost every owner of a private house. The main selection criteria are safety and ease of use of the design. It is also important that the moment how organically it fits into the interior. Therefore, the design of the stairs in wooden house does not go by the wayside when drafting a project.

Stair design options

There are several types of wooden stair structures:

Marching structures are the most commonly used staircase structures. There are several subspecies of stairs:

on stringers;
on bowstrings;
on the pains.

Stairs on stringers

Stringers are called load-bearing beams at an angle, on which steps, fences are attached. Fastening methods are different and depend on the number of beams. Based on the properties of the design and shape, they are straight, broken, involute.

Structures on stringers have the following advantages over other types of stairs:

high level of security;
universal appearance, thanks to which they will look good both in an ordinary log house and in an elite cottage.
the presence of a large selection of sizes, decor;
the choice of using risers.

Stringer structures are also attractive because, on the basis of the traditional model, you can create beautiful wooden stairs according to an individual order. For example, structures can be lightened with glass railings or transparent plastic handrails.

Transparent railings create a feeling of lightness and airiness

Stairs on bowstrings

The basis of the design is lateral load-bearing beams with grooves into which steps are inserted. For the manufacture of this type of stairs, wood is often taken, although in Lately plastic models began to appear on the market.

Ladders on bowstrings are installed, as a rule, in small country houses. Among the positive aspects of such structures are the following:

the possibility of replacing individual structural elements;
simple installation;
safety, high strength;
a wide choice of staircase shapes: spiral, L-shaped, rounded or straight;
the possibility of implementing various design solutions: arrangement of balusters in a free form, the presence or absence of risers.

The disadvantages of the construction on bowstrings are high-precision calculations and experience in the performance of work. Errors in the design or unreliable fastenings will adversely affect the safety of the facility. The discrepancies of the supporting beams, the loss of steps from the grooves is fraught with serious injury.

Bolts are strong metal supports fixed with bolts. The design is uncomplicated, reliable, durable. Since the load-bearing beam is attached to the ceiling, wall or floor with metal rods, structures can withstand very high loads.

Stairs on the rails are good because they can be dismantled, repaired or reconstructed at any time. For such structures, open and closed steps are suitable. They can be of any shape, size.

Beautiful stairs on the rails in a wooden house give the interior airiness and lightness due to the lack of a pronounced load-bearing element. And the free area under them can be used rationally. For example, make a small library there by installing 2-3 shelves of books.

Spiral stairs

Buildings of this type are perfect for lovers original interior, as well as owners of premises with a limited number of usable square meters.

The spiral structure is formed by: support post, steps, fences, railings. The shape of the stairs are very diverse: from round to 8-coal.

The frame of the screw structure is made in most cases from metal. However, there are often models made only of wood. Strength, durability - the main advantages of spiral staircases. However, such structures are not recommended for installation in homes where there are children and elderly people with disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Materials for the manufacture of stairs

In the production of stair structures use:

wood;
concrete;
glass;
metal;
stone;
plywood;
combination of materials.

Metal structures are in great demand. They are considered environmentally friendly, reliable, durable, affordable. Often practice a combination of these materials with glass, stone, plastic. This allows you to bring designs closer to the style of the interior.

Combination of metal frame and steps made of wood

Wooden staircase in modern style It is made from such tree species as pine, oak, beech, fir, larch, birch. Such designs can be complemented by metal railings decorated with forging.

Wrought iron railings fundamentally change the overall perception

A stone structure also looks no less impressive and is characterized by a long service life. However, its installation requires a high-strength base, as stone is a heavy material.

The stone is quite heavy, so a solid concrete base is required for a structure made of this material.

Steps or risers are often made of natural stone, and all other elements are made of artificial, which greatly facilitates the design. An unnatural stone is inferior to a natural stone in its characteristics, but in terms of appearance little different from it.

Stone staircases with forging look especially beautiful and rich. interesting view create steps from raw stone in combination with railings from twisted branches.

Untreated stone steps give the interior the atmosphere of an ancient castle

Concrete is considered the most budgetary finishing material for stairs. Despite its strength and safety, it is not distinguished by its durability.

For high-tech, pop art, loft styles, stair structures with glass steps are suitable. They are made of high-strength tempered glass, so you can safely walk on them.

Designs with glass steps fit perfectly into the high-tech style

Popular stair styles

Currently, there are many options for styles of staircase designs. Their number is constantly changing, as design elements are improved, supplemented, while forming a completely new style.

However, it is customary to single out several of the most famous approaches:

Color solutions

Stair structures should be made in a color that is in harmony with the interior. Presented for selection today wide range of shades. The most requested are:

Stair structures can also be two-color. For example, a building that combines white and black colors looks beautiful and rich.

Railing Options

Railings are components staircase structures, which perform the following functions:

serve for convenient, safe ascent and descent;
act as decoration.

The design of the railing includes handrails, balusters. A handrail is a plank that runs along the flight of stairs. A baluster is an element that performs the function of supporting a handrail.

There is a wide selection of railings on the construction market. They come in different models:

The choice of one or another version of the railing depends on the style of the interior and the taste preferences of the owner of the house.

Stair lighting

Staircase lighting is used for safe movement along it and for decoration. By choosing one or another type of lighting, you can create the right atmosphere in the house.

Illumination of the steps on the ladder contributes to the safe movement along it in the dark.

Practical and aesthetic use of the space under the stairs

The free space formed under the stairs can be used to good use:

Rationally use not only the place under the stairs, but also between the steps. Under them create special boxes for storing things: shoes, magazines, newspapers. It is not worth overloading the stairs with things too much, as this can lead to the destruction of the structure.

The space between the flights of stairs is filled with soft seats and this area is used for reading your favorite book or evening gatherings with loved ones.

Stairs with original design - photo

Sometimes designers are so carried away by their ideas that they create real works of art from decorative wooden stairs, from which it is impossible to take your eyes off.

Two-story houses or cottages should be equipped with reliable stairs. Wood is most often chosen as the material for the manufacture of these structures. wooden stairs on the second floor you can buy ready-made or do it yourself. By choosing the second option, you will reduce your material costs and do exactly what you really need.

Types of structures

To build a ladder structure, you must be able to use the tool, know the rules for constructing sketches and drawings. This will allow:

design all the constituent elements of the structure;
consider potentially weak spots and correct deficiencies at the design stage;
calculate the dimensions of the steps so that it is convenient to climb and descend.

For the manufacture of stairs, it is best to use wood. This building material is environmentally friendly, practical, malleable in work, which is especially important for novice craftsmen. With the help of a special tool, you can make a staircase of such a shape that would ideally fit your interior:

straight or rounded;

simple or decorative;

heavy or light.

There are the following popular types of designs of wooden stairs:

Choosing a Stair Pattern

For a private house or a village cottage, both marching and spiral stairs are suitable. However, one should not forget that spiral structures require very precise mounting, as well as special elements (for example, rounded railings). To make them, you need to master the technology of professional installation.

This is especially true for more complex staircase structures, which at the initial stage can only be used as a model for inspiration, not imitation. Do not rely on ready-made schemes, as they do not take into account all the features of your situation.

As for mid-flight stairs, it is much easier to make and install them with your own hands. They come in various configurations:

U-shaped two-march;

When placing stairs to the 2nd floor, with more than 10 steps, it is recommended to divide it with a platform with a turn, after which it can go up along the wall at an angle of 90 or 180 degrees.

The choice of one or another model depends on your taste and features of the layout of the house.

Preparation of materials

Before you make a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself, you need to decide on the choice of building material. The most popular types of wood are pine and larch. In terms of performance, larch products are better, as they are less susceptible to decay.

Larch is not afraid of moisture; moreover, when liquid is absorbed, the structure becomes stronger. This is a fairly significant advantage, since there will always be a little humidity in the house. For the construction of stairs, oak, cedar, beech and other types of wood are also suitable, but at a cost this is not the cheapest pleasure.

The life of a tree largely depends on how the lumber is dried. The limiting degree of wood moisture should be no more than 12%.

Well-dried boards are more expensive, but this is more than offset by the durability of the stairs.

If the lumber is wet enough, you will have to dry the wood yourself. To do this, it is placed in a well-ventilated room with constant temperature regime for a period of at least 3 months.

Calculation of the main parameters of the stairs

Width

Standard staircase width - from 90 to 150 cm. But when calculating this indicator, the following points should be taken into account:

how convenient it will be for two people to walk towards each other at the same time;
whether the width you have chosen allows you to carry large items (furniture, appliances) up the stairs.

The comfortable range of staircase width for a private house is 1100-1300 mm. Less - difficulties in carrying furniture; more - an excess of occupied space.

Length

To calculate this indicator, you will need to take the size of the steps and count their number. Experience shows that when drawing on paper on your own, mistakes are made. As a result, the staircase in reality becomes longer than in the picture. You can get out of this situation as follows: include several winder steps in the staircase structure.

Height

Determining the overall height, inexperienced craftsmen often make mistakes. They take into account only the distance from the subfloor to the ceiling of the upper floor room. This is not entirely correct. When drawing up a drawing, it is necessary to take into account the finishing mark of the 1st floor and the thickness of the floor on the top floor, along with the finish.

Floor opening parameters

It is important to leave enough space between the steps and the ceiling of the upper floor. As a rule, it is equal to the height of the tallest person and is approximately 190 - 200 cm.

Stair slope

To build a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands, it is recommended to observe the slope of the staircase structure of 40-45 degrees. If this indicator is exceeded, then it will be difficult for elderly people, small children to climb on it.

The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is in the range of 30 - 37 °

When choosing a flat design, consumption increases building materials and the useful area of the room is reduced. Therefore, when calculating this indicator, one should proceed from the available space.

steps

Their constituent elements are the tread and the riser. When determining the size of the tread, it is necessary to focus on the 45 foot size. Therefore, the optimal width of the steps is 30 cm.

The size of the riser, depending on the slope of the stairs, is from 15 to 20 cm.

When constructing drawings, it is important to consider the following:

All steps must be the same size.
If there are more than 18 steps in the design, then it is advisable to include 2 marches in the project and provide for a platform. It is called viewing, turning or intermediate. Its location can be the center of the span or an area near the beginning of the stairs.

Online calculator for calculation

For your convenience, you can perform all calculations using a convenient. As a result, you will receive ready-made drawings and bill of materials.

Installation of a marching wooden staircase

Wooden installation interfloor stairs begins with the manufacture of stringers (or bowstrings), treads and risers.

Development of stairs along the wall with dimensions

Treads are cut out of the board according to a previously prepared template. Their standard thickness varies from 30 to 40 cm. If you do more, then this will be an unjustified consumption of materials and a heavier structure. The risers perform a decorative function in the building. Therefore, you can save on them by using a board of 10-15 mm.

Stringers are made from a solid board, on which there are no defects. Both stringers must be identical so that the staircase does not turn out to be asymmetrical and skewed.

Kosour markup

Assembling a bowstring with stiffeners

Frame assembly

The installation of stringers begins with making cuts on the floor beam located at the top of the flight of stairs. Sometimes the cuts are replaced by metal stops, which should be attached to the vertical of the ceiling with anchors. Regardless of which method you choose, the stringers must be firmly fixed to the ceiling.

On the lower floor, along the line of the very first step, a support beam is installed in the floor. Anchors are used as fasteners.

Attaching the kosour to the floor

Assembly of components

Installing the steps will not be difficult. The cutouts of the stringers are coated with glue and risers are attached to them, which then need to be aligned and fixed with screws.

Fastening risers to stringers

Treads are laid on top and fixed to the risers, stringers. Under them, it is recommended to put polymer gaskets in the form of tapes. This will prevent squeaking as a result of friction between wooden parts.

The function of the fence is performed by balusters, when mounting which it is important to properly maintain evenness. For this purpose, the upper and lower columns are installed and connected to each other with a stretched thread. It serves as a guide when installing the rest of the elements. Balusters can be attached with screws or self-tapping screws, which are masked with grout or plugs.

The handrail is installed and fixed on the balusters. It can be wood, iron or other material.

Finishing

After installation, all surfaces must be sanded, including hard-to-reach places, ends, joints. Then the design is treated with protective agents, or paint.

Features of the manufacture of a spiral staircase

The manufacture and installation of wooden spiral staircases to the second floor is much more difficult than marching ones. On the other hand, they save usable area and are placed where there would not be enough space for a marching structure.

Screw structures save living space

Most best option- This is a spiral structure installation with a central support. In this case, steps in the form of a triangle or a trapezoid are attached directly to it. To give the structure reliability, the support column with a specially attached heel is placed vertically and concreted at the base.

Holes are made in the steps from a narrower edge, with the help of which they are strung on a support pipe. Inserts in the form of a cylinder are installed between the steps, which determine the height of the structural elements. The last step on the upper tier is installed flush with the opening in the ceiling on the second floor and acts as an additional supporting element.

To make it convenient to go down and up, the vertical interval between the rows of steps should be at least two meters. And the width of the flight of stairs in cleanliness is at least 90 cm.

Often resort to more compact models of spiral staircases. This is permissible only when they do not plan to use it often. This applies, for example, to country stairs or to climb to the attic.

The most convenient tread depth is considered to be from 15 cm at the central pillar and from 35 cm from the outer edge. The height of the riser is on average about 20 cm. However, sometimes you can completely refuse them. This will make the structure more convenient, reduce its weight, and also reduce the cost of building materials.