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Oil painting of the walls. Interior paint for walls and ceilings: how to choose and how to apply. Features of oil-based paint

Currently, repair work of any complexity is carried out easily thanks to the professionalism of builders, innovative technologies and a wide variety of finishing materials. Paint coatings also play an important role in achieving the effectiveness of the repair. Their range consists of various types of paints.

Peculiarities

Oil paints - paints and varnishes, which are made in the form of suspensions with vegetable fillers. Depending on the type, they are used in painting, for painting wooden and metal surfaces.

The main components of paints are pigments and binders. The first give the paint a specific shade. They usually change the characteristics of the resulting suspensions, for example, they can slow down or accelerate hardening, reduce corrosion wear, and increase the service life.

There are several types of pigments:

colored (chromatic);
black and white (achromatic);
organic;
inorganic.

Oil paints are made with both organic and inorganic based pigments. Pigments are made from mineral flour, which does not dissolve. Drying oil is used as a binder. Coloring compositions settle at the bottom of the jar, so before starting work, you need to shake the jar thoroughly.

The second main component of the paint is considered to be a filler, which is used in order to save pigment. These include kaolin, talc, mica. To improve performance, for example, for accelerated drying, a desiccant is added to the paint. It is a cobalt, manganese, lead salt that can dissolve in drying oil. In order to facilitate the dispersion of the pigment, surfactants are used.

Drying oil is the main component of natural paints. IN last years their cheap synthetic substitutes are increasingly being used. Due to the slow evaporation of oils, the drying of the painted surface will take quite a long time. Only with the addition of desiccants is an accelerated drying process possible.

For the production of oil paints, the following types of drying oil are used:

As part of natural drying oil, the content of vegetable oil reaches 97%. Linseed, sunflower, soybean, hemp base is used as oil, the remaining 3% is the process catalyst.
Oksol contains a little more than half of the composition of natural oils, 40% - white spirit as a solvent, 5% of the composition falls on the desiccant. Unlike natural drying oil, the price of oxol is much lower, but due to the solvent content, it prevents ozonation.
In combined drying oils, the composition is the same as in oxol, only in different percentages. The solvent accounts for up to 30% of the entire mixture, 70% - vegetable oil.
Alkyd drying oils are alkyd resins mixed with natural oil, catalyst and solvent.
The composition of synthetic drying oils includes products of oil refining and other industrial waste.

Sometimes, if necessary, bring the composition to the required density. The following thinners are used for oil paints:

turpentine - essential oil with a complex chemical composition, which is obtained by processing the resin coniferous plants and living things.
white spirit is a residual product of oil refining.

Since all thinners are active chemicals, they must be used with care. They are added gradually, in small portions, since a high content of diluent destroys the bond between the pigment and drying oil.

Specifications

For right choice paint material you need to know the most important characteristics oil paint:

The content of film-forming substances. Most best option- more than 26% of the total volume. For the durability of the paint, it is necessary to know the percentage of these components. The higher it is, the longer the life of the coating will be.
The content of volatile components in the composition of the paintwork material is usually in the range of 10%, as they are toxic and harmful to human health. At an ambient temperature of more than 20 C, they evaporate and emit a specific odor. Therefore, after painting the surface, it is recommended to ventilate the room.
The degree of grinding of the components of the paint. This value must be lower than 90 to obtain a smooth surface, while higher values are more likely to cause surface roughness.

The viscosity of high-quality paint lies in the range of 65 - 140 points. Fluidity depends on it, as well as the hardening time of the coating. Good oil paint dries in about 48 hours.
The hardness of the film is especially taken into account when processing exterior walls. With an increase in the degree of hardness, the service life of the paint increases and the impact on it of external factors decreases.
Absolute hydrophobicity is important for some of the outer walls, and for the inside, the indicator ranges from 0.5 to 1 unit.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of oil paints:

possibility of application for internal and external walls;
fit well on an untreated wall, as well as on top of other paints;
resistant to frequent washing;
low consumption due to the high degree of hiding power;
low cost compared to other types of paint;
good adhesion ability;
reliable surface protection.

Disadvantages:

due to the content of toxic components in the composition, a person may experience a severe allergic reaction;
cutting bad smell;
dry for a long time (sometimes up to several days);
the painted surface gradually peels off and cracks due to the lack of the ability of the paintwork material to breathe;
when the paint is stored for a long time, it undergoes some changes: it acquires a rubbery or gelatinous appearance, the mass hardens. Such paint becomes unsuitable for work.

Despite significant shortcomings, oil paints are produced in large quantities. GOSTs strictly control the quality of these finishing materials, designating each type of paint with various combinations of letters and numbers.

Types and scope

Currently, two types of oil paints are produced: paste-like, or thickly ground and liquid, and ready-to-use. The first are obtained in a mixer and rubbing on a special grater. Obtaining the second type includes mixing the composition in ball mills or diluting pasty paints with natural drying oil.

The scope of alkyd materials depends on the applied pigment and drying oil. They are applied to the surface of wood, metal, concrete, plastic, bituminous plaster. Often used under finishing as a ground cover. They paint pipelines and batteries.

Paint is often used to protect against high humidity due to its water impermeability, which enamel and tempera coatings do not have. But this advantage of oil paints interrupts a serious drawback: during operation, the paint peels off on the surface and disappears.

When painting, consider:

When processing window frames, door trims, walls and glass usually get dirty. Removing oil-based stains will not be easy, so you need to protect parts that should not get dirty in advance. Walls can be made with plywood, cardboard, tin sheets, and glass can be glued with paper.

If you still managed to stain the glass, you can prepare a mixture of crushed chalk and an aqueous solution of washing soda. The mixture should be in the form of a paste. It is necessary to apply the consistency to the glass and leave it like that. The paint will become softer and can be removed with a cloth or paper material. To remove dried paint from the wall, apply aluminum foil and iron it with an iron. Then the soft paint can be removed with a spatula.
A drill can be used to stir the paint to avoid soiling clothing. To do this, you need to make a hole on the lid of the jar, stick the rod in and fix it with the reverse side into the drill. It remains only to turn on the device and mix the contents of the jar for 60 seconds.

To remove paint from the body, you need to use a special dissolving agent, but if it is not at hand, you can try to clean the skin with vegetable or animal fat. Also, washing powder will do a good job with this task.
After painting windows and doors, you can not close them until the paint is completely dry, but if necessary, you need to lay foil between the wings.
It is better to paint metal walls with a spray gun - this way the surface will look neater.

Colors

Coloring paint in a certain color depends on inorganic pigments - achromatic, giving black and white, and chromatic, giving color shades.

Achromatic pigments allow you to get:

zinc white, which is widespread and cheap, imparts a white color;
titanium oxide also imparts a white tint;
lipoton - zinc sulfide mixed with barium sulfate gives a shade of white;
carbon black (soot) and graphite give dark pigments;
zinc, aluminum, brass, bronze powders give a bronze, silver (metallic), matte finish.

The most common chromatic pigments are:

yellow - iron hydroxide;
iron oxide - red;
red litharge - lead oxide;
brown - chromium oxide;
green - cobalt.

All information about the paint is written on the label, which indicates the main purpose, the necessary thinners, the color palette, the average consumption per square meter, features and duration of drying, as well as staining conditions.

It often happens that it is very difficult to find an identical shade of paint from one manufacturer. Therefore, it is recommended that when buying several cans of paintwork material of the same color, make sure that they are all produced by the same company, the same brand and with the same batch number. Only in this case, you can get the desired result.

How to choose?

Oil paints are often used in exterior finishing work. They have a high level of resistance to adverse weather conditions: frost, temperature extremes, sunlight. The paint protects the painted surface.

The composition can also be used for interiors, but not for painting floors due to its low resistance to mechanical damage.

Before starting outdoor work, you first need to prepare the surface, for which solvents are actively used. They bring the consistency of the composition to the desired consistency. The most famous solvents are gasoline, turpentine. Treatment with antiseptics and a primer will allow the coating to lie in an even layer without subsequent peeling and peeling.

Paints protect from increased moisture, prevent the appearance of mold and fungi, damage by pests. A high-quality choice of paint and varnish material will allow you to get a stable surface to UV rays, a bright fresh shade for a long time. The coating usually lasts at least 5 years.

Oil paints for finishing exterior surfaces on the modern market are represented by a small variety of color shades. To obtain a certain color, you have to mix several types of paints. Such a composition does not meet environmental requirements due to the pungent chemical odor.

The interior decoration of the premises should be approached responsibly as when choosing design solutions, and when choosing an oil coating.

For interior decoration houses use materials with organic solvents. The most commonly used solvents are gasoline, white spirit and kerosene. When working with them, safety precautions should be observed, and a respirator should be used during the staining process. Over the course of several days, the solvent gradually evaporates, so a sharp unpleasant odor is felt inside the room. It is necessary to ventilate the room until there is no smell left, since various toxic harmful impurities are in the air at this time.

The main disadvantages of oil paints are the loss of the original color with the acquisition of a yellowish tint and a high fire hazard.

If you need to paint a wooden surface, and the can label says that the paint can kill wood pests, you should refuse to purchase it. Due to the content of additives for pest control, toxic gases are released into the air.

If the label says "dry abrasion resistance" - this means that the surface can be wiped with a dry cloth. And "washable, resistant to intensive washing" means that the surface can be washed with a damp cloth.

If the paint contains vegetable oil, this means that it meets the requirements of environmental friendliness. Usually the label indicates its percentage.

Natural paints are different from environmentally friendly and natural-based paints. They are made from harmless natural ingredients - silicone, methylcellulose, natural wax, shellac, casein and xanthene. The resulting shade depends on mineral, earth, vegetable and animal pigments.

High-strength paints should be chosen for floors, for furniture - not prone to yellowness, for doors, window frames- standoleic.

Compositions with natural ingredients are much more expensive than paints of synthetic origin, but they are distinguished by a long service life and safety for health.

Consumption

When finishing surfaces with oil paints, the average consumption is from 100 to 150 grams per 1 m2. The amount of material used depends on the structure and roughness of the surface. For example, a tree absorbs liquid well, including paintwork, so 2 coats of paint are applied to the wooden surface. Also, depending on the degree of preparation of the wall for painting (priming, sanding), material consumption depends.

Manufacturers

All European quality standards are met by manufacturers such as Finnish Tikkurila, Canadian Forester, German Dufa and several others. They manufacture products suitable for harsh climatic conditions. This has earned them a good reputation. In large industries, materials are produced for all types of work, with a wide range colors, means for preparation of a surface for coloring.

Manufacturers, along with high quality products, offer an expensive price for it. Paying attention to lesser-known European brands, you can save a lot on paint. These manufacturers include Estonian Vivacolor, spanish Isaval, German Reesa. They try not to be inferior to their not the cheapest counterparts, but their advantage can be attributed to the low probability of acquiring a fake.

Manufacturers in Russia have just begun to establish the production of high-quality paints and varnishes. Among the most successful manufacturers are Lakru, Tex, Kotovsky paint and varnish plant, Stroykompleks and Olivestu. They are increasingly trying to update and improve the quality of their products.

Tikkurila is the number one brand in Russia for the production of paints and varnishes. In the New Product Development Manufacturing Lab, employees create new recipes with unique textures and improved product properties. The manufacturer offers more than 20 thousand shades.

Another well-known manufacturer of paints and varnishes - "Lacra", founded in 1996. It specializes in paints, varnishes, coating materials on water based and PVA. In addition, the manufacturer produces and sells primers, parquet varnishes, and enamels. The entire range of products meets quality standards and is manufactured using modern equipment using European technologies.

In Russia, manufacturers of paint and varnish products make up a large branch of the country's chemical industry. They produce more than 2000 types of paint and varnish products, while these volumes increase every year. The expansion of the production capacity of the market of paint and varnish products per year is from 20 to 40%. This is due to imports and an increase in the volume of products produced by Russian branches of foreign companies. Domestic manufacturers are in the lead in the development various kinds paintwork materials.

A rich assortment of Russian paint and varnish enterprises are:

paints;
enamels;
fire retardant paints;
putties;
primers;
organic silicate components;
quick-drying varnishes;
solvents;
facade paints.

Due to the expansion of the range of paints and varnishes due to increased competition, requirements for labor protection, health and nature in Lately the production of water-borne and powder materials is growing.

How to quickly remove old oil paint from the wall, see below.

Oil paint for walls, ceilings and other surfaces was used in Soviet times in every house and apartment. The choice of finishing materials was small, and such paint was always widely available on store shelves, and the price for this material was acceptable.

Today, in any building market, when choosing coloring agents, you can get lost in a variety of options, but the good old oil paint is still in demand and securely holds its position on the shelves.

What is this material?

The binding component in the composition is drying oil. Now this substance is produced mostly synthetically, since natural oils are unprofitable to use because of their high cost. Mineral flour and other additives act as a filler, and inorganic pigments give the solution a certain color. The solvent allows you to achieve the desired consistency and degree of viscosity.

Features of oil-based paint

Before deciding whether to purchase this material for future repair work, it would be nice to get acquainted in detail with the advantages and disadvantages of such a choice.

pros

The versatility of oil paint has long been known. This composition lies on any surface and clings to it with a stranglehold. Wood, concrete, plaster, plastic, brick, glass - all of these substrates can be successfully painted with this product.

You can note the following advantages of this material:

it has high anti-corrosion properties, which is why metal structures are often treated with oil paint;
the coating forms a hard film resistant to mechanical stress;
the surface painted with oil paint becomes water-repellent, easy to clean and is not afraid of exposure to household cleaners;
the coloring composition applied to a properly prepared base will last for many years, reliably protecting the surface from damage;
working with oil paint is easy, no serious professional skills are required for this;
the product has good hiding power, that is, it qualitatively covers the original color of the painted surface;
the material can be used not only for interior decoration, it is successfully used during facade works, as well as for painting almost any outdoor objects (roofs, benches, arbors, fences, etc.).

Oil paint covers outbuildings inside and outside, utility and industrial premises. Modern finish stairwells in entrances are often still carried out using the same coloring agents.

Renewed with oil-based material exterior finish country houses or cottages, paint plank floors, walls and ceilings.

Unfortunately, the compositions also have a number of disadvantages that may serve as a reason for refusing to purchase and use them.

Minuses

First of all, I would like to dispel the myth that there are odorless oil paints. A characteristic sharp and rather unpleasant "chemical" aroma, which does not disappear for a long time, will be present to one degree or another when working with this material.

Modern manufacturers find ways to muffle it a little, but so far no one has been able to completely neutralize it. Accordingly, if you are looking for an odorless coloring agent, then oil solutions- not your option.

Among the disadvantages of this type of paint and varnish products, the following can be distinguished:

the composition of the oil paint contains toxic substances that actively evaporate when the fresh coating layer dries and can cause serious poisoning; it is recommended to work with this coloring agent in a respirator and goggles;
even after the coating has dried, a small amount of the harmful substance will be released into the air, and this can provoke an allergic reaction in people with hypersensitivity;
the vapor permeability of the coating is almost zero, which can adversely affect the quality of the finish with sharp temperature fluctuations (cracks and bubbles appear on the surface);
drying oil, on the basis of which the coloring material is made, has the unpleasant property of turning yellow over time, which is why the color of the painted surface noticeably changes and fades.

Despite the listed shortcomings of oil paints, practice again and again confirms the feasibility of their use. These compositions have very good technical specifications, and the extremely affordable price is still one of the most important factors when choosing them.

Application

One of the options for interior decoration of the room is painting the walls with oil paint. It is practical, inexpensive and simple. This is especially true for surfaces already painted with this composition, since the preparatory process will be greatly simplified:

a similar solution will fall perfectly on oil paint if there are no cracks or other defects on the surface; adhesion will be at the highest level;
you will avoid the tedious and lengthy withdrawal process old paint, which sometimes also flies a pretty penny.

Where to begin?

Always start by cleaning the walls. They are washed if the problem is only accumulated dirt. They are cleaned with a spatula, scraper, drill with special nozzles, building hair dryer or chemical compounds designed to remove old paint (washes) if the coating is in poor condition. In this case, surface leveling is also required. At this stage, putty starting and finishing mixtures, sandpaper are used.

A flat and smooth wall is completely cleaned of dust (you can use a household vacuum cleaner) and primed.

The need for a primer is as follows:

The consumption of coloring material is reduced.
Improves adhesion of the paint to the surface.

Priming mixtures often contain antiseptics, which is very important when finishing rooms with a high level of humidity; Thus, you can protect the room from the appearance of mold and other harmful microorganisms.

The most basic tools will do:

paint brushes and roller,
paint pan,
adhesive masking tape.

If you have a paint sprayer, you can use it. In any case, joints with the ceiling, door jambs, baseboards, sockets and switches are first pasted over with masking tape. Now you can paint.

Coloring

Start with hard-to-reach places listed in the previous paragraph. They are painted over with a brush. Next, paint is poured into the tray, the roller coat is saturated with it, the excess is squeezed out on the ribbed part of the cuvette and the composition is applied to the surface.

You need to roll the roller from the very top of the wall, driving it in the vertical and horizontal directions alternately.

It is better to conditionally divide the entire area to be painted into squares and work slowly moving from site to site.

The paint will dry for at least a day, and only after that you can put a second layer, which is usually enough to get a good result. Do not forget to thoroughly ventilate the room, the walls of which you paint with oil paint.

if you have Additional Information or interesting experience using oil paint for walls, please share it in the comments.

The composition of the oil paint shows that the binder in it is drying oil, which is obtained, as a rule, from vegetable oils. Drying oil according to its purpose and composition is divided into several groups.

Varieties of oil paints

Industrial . They are produced in large containers, and their purpose is to create a durable protective layer on the surface;

Artistic . Such paints go on sale in a metal tube. They are usually used for painting and painting. They differ in high price and improved quality;

Sketchy. They are available in either plastic or tin cans. They are used to create sketches and decor.

Composition of oil paints

The composition of oil paint, in addition to drying oil, includes pigments. After applying to the surface of this type of coloring matter, an elastic and very durable film is formed that can withstand any weather conditions.

In the case of using combined drying oil in paints, it creates a thinner film on the surface, but having greater hardness and water resistance, which cannot be said about the coloring matter, which includes natural drying oil.

As for such a question, what price does oil paint have or how much does it cost water-based paint?

It is not possible to give an unambiguous answer to this question, since many factors influence the cost of a particular type of coloring composition: the area of application, the country of origin, and so on.

Before purchasing such a paint and varnish product, you should carefully look at the composition of the oil paint, which indicates that such a material has a strict regulatory classification, and therefore it does not have individual names.

Depending on the area of \u200b\u200buse and composition, the paint and varnish product considered in the article is indicated by an alphanumeric code. So for example:

the substance on natural drying oil is designated as follows - MA-021;
On pentaphthalic - PF-024;
On the combined - MA-025;
On glyptal - GF-023.

Like the composition of water-based paint, the composition of oil paint determines the nature of its purpose. As mentioned above, there are ready-to-use and thickened formulations.

In the first case, the paint and varnish product goes on sale in containers with a volume of 0.5 to 3 liters, and in the second case, the coloring matter is diluted with drying oil until the required consistency is created.

Before buying this material, be sure to read its instructions, in which the manufacturer describes in detail the composition of the oil paint and indicates its scope, as well as consumption per square meter, color and solvents used.

Characteristics of oil paints

The structure of such substances allows them to be used for protection against high humidity. In other words, oil formulations can be used on those surfaces that are often washed.

Such a paint and varnish product can be applied both on concrete, plastered, and on metal or wooden surfaces.

Oil paints for ceilings have been on the building market since the 20th century. Since then, their composition, and, therefore, the quality has not changed much.

This begs the question: “Is it worth using outdated paints when the market is flooded with many modern proposals, such as, for example, textured ceiling paint?”.

What is oil paint?

For about 5 years, it has been no secret to anyone that oil paints are a harmful chemical. This is true, however, the demand for such paint does not fall, people continue to use it in repairs.

Oil paints can be used to decorate office spaces, but are not recommended for residential areas such as bedrooms and other areas of the home.

At the heart of oil paints for the ceiling are three components: pigment, filler and drying oil. by the most harmful substances pigments are considered in such paint.

To give the paint a certain color, manufacturers add harmful inorganic substances to the paint, for example, titanium, zinc white, oxides and salts of iron, zinc.

The most different materials, which give the paint various properties: viscosity, strength, etc.

Drying oil is the material thanks to which these paints got their name. This is the main film-forming material, which is obtained synthetically from vegetable oils.

In general, oil paints are used to cover not only ceilings, but also walls, floors, and even veneer for door painting. In addition, oil paint is used to paint the facades of houses.

How to apply oil paints correctly?

Like any other paint, oil must be able to apply correctly. Ceiling oil paints can be used to finish wood, concrete and metal surfaces both indoors and outdoors.

The process of applying paint to the surface:

After the ceiling is cleaned, it must be covered with a special primer, which, during finishing work, will allow you to save paint, and also increase the adhesion of the paint to the surface;
The first step is to prepare the surface. To do this, it must be cleaned, degreased, and the old coating removed;
After that, the paint must be thoroughly mixed;
After thorough mixing of the paint, it can be applied to the surface. Can be applied with a brush, roller or spray gun. You need to apply the paint in thin layers (2-3 layers in total) so that there are no thickenings and smudges. A new layer should be applied only after the first has completely dried.

In general, oil paints are easy to use, but their composition can harm others and those involved. finishing works unless special protection is used.

There are many other options on the market that you can consider, such as silicone ceiling paints.

Oil paints for walls began to be used in the seventies of the twentieth century. It was then that they were released and became a truly innovative product.

Their main advantage then and now is reliability, ease of application and relatively low cost.

Where to use oil paints for walls?

First of all, oil paints are a moisture-resistant paint and varnish product that is designed to protect any kind of material, from wood to metal, from high humidity.

It so happened that the wettest rooms in people's homes are bathrooms and bathrooms. It was in them that oil paints were most often used and are used.

But it is worth noting that many years of practice have shown that it is necessary to use oil paints for walls with some caution.

Since, due to the complete impermeability of this paintwork material to moisture, it simply has nowhere to go.

Applying oil paints to walls

Oil paints for walls can be applied, as mentioned above, to almost any surface.

The only exception is plastic. But in order for the oil-based paint and varnish material to lay on the walls evenly and securely fasten to the surface, it is necessary to use a primer for painting in the preparatory process.

Regardless of what material the walls are made of, only a deep penetration primer should be used when painting with oil-based paints and varnishes.

This is due to the fact that oil paint has a rather aggressive chemical composition and the surface must be partially protected.

It is for this reason that no other primer for painting is suitable for surface preparation.

Beyond the aggressive chemical composition, oil paint in liquid form has a certain level of toxicity, which requires the person who will work with it to use products personal protection respiratory tract, as well as, if possible, ventilate the room during the work and during the drying period of the paintwork.

You can apply oil paints for walls with brushes, rollers, and you can also use a special spray gun for oil paints.

None of the methods has any significant advantages over the other, and therefore everyone chooses the tool that is more convenient for him.

On the modern construction market, GOST oil paints are all the same reliable and inexpensive paints that appeared in the Soviet Union in the seventies of the twentieth century.

They are also reliable and inexpensive, and what is no less important - they have a rich palette of colors.

Properties of oil paints

GOST oil paints - it is this inscription on the can that guarantees that this paintwork material was made in compliance with all technical and sanitary regulations.

And this means that this paint and varnish product can serve for a long time indoors with high humidity, and this is precisely the main functional task that GOST oil paint should perform.

Another important market property is the variety of oil paint colors. In the modern construction market, this is very important, because most consumers are already accustomed to the richness of the assortment.

Oil paint manufacturers are constantly trying to expand the palettes of their oil paint lines, so you can find a wide variety of oil paint colors in hardware stores. Black to white, bright red to pale green.

Unfortunately, oil-based paints and varnishes are not without a negative property - toxicity.

When working with oil-based paints and varnishes, it is imperative to use personal respiratory protection, even if these are GOST oil paints, this is the negative effect of fairly cheap components from which oil paintwork is made.

In modern repair, the use of interior paint for walls and ceilings is common. The compositions that were used before have long been replaced by new ones, now the coating of the walls with paint is durable and reliable way final finishing. But in order for the wall painting to live up to expectations, it is important to choose the right interior paint. It is not enough to choose the color of the coating in order for the paint to hold and last for many years, you need to choose suitable look interior paint depending on the coating material.

Classification of interior paint

Paint for walls and ceilings is divided into 3 main types. Other options that will meet in hardware store, are derived from these colors.

Oil paint for walls and ceilings. The basis of oil paint is drying oil. The disadvantage of oil paint is a long drying time. In addition, the paint smells strongly, for the time of staining and until it dries completely, it is necessary to free the room from people and animals. The advantage of oil paint is its low cost.
Alkyd paint for walls and ceilings. Alkyd paint contains synthetic resins. Forming a film on the substrate, this paint is resistant to moisture and UV rays.
Water-dispersion paint for walls and ceilings. Water-based paint contains water instead of a solvent. Non-toxic, breathable paint, but not resistant to moisture. To eliminate this problem, acrylic is added to the composition of the water emulsion.

How to choose interior paint

The choice of interior paint depends on the substrate to be painted.

For painting wooden surfaces, use oil or alkyd paint. The water contained in water-based paint will harm the tree. Don't forget to pre-treat the wood, but finish painting with a protective varnish.
If the walls of the apartment are prepared for painting by leveling with concrete or plaster, water-based paint is suitable. But it is better to cover the same base when painting walls in a bathroom or kitchen with alkyd paint, it interacts better with water.

For the ceiling, the type of paint is unimportant, but for the convenience of painting the ceiling, purchase a thixotropic paint (it can be of all kinds). Its peculiarity lies in its density. When stirring, the paint becomes liquid, but as soon as you stop stirring, the solution thickens to a state of sour cream. This is convenient for working with a horizontal ceiling surface. But for the walls it should not be chosen: regular paint spreads itself under the influence of gravity, unlike thixotropic, which will have to be carefully distributed.
Working with a metal surface is similar to working with wood. Metal also does not like water, so oil or alkyd paint is suitable in this case.

Difficulties arise when there is already a coating on the walls and ceiling, and it is impossible to determine its composition. In this case, it remains only to completely get rid of the old paint, and only after that apply a layer of new one.

How to apply interior paint

Painting the walls and ceiling is just the final step. Before you get the brush, you will have to do the main part of the work, prepare the base for painting. There are several key steps:

Removal of the old coating, if the repair is not the first time.
Wall alignment. For large level differences, use cement mortar.
Applying a primer. The primer performs several functions. It enhances the adhesion of materials, and also reduces the amount of paint wasted. Without a primer, the first layer of paint will soak into the wall without leaving a trace. Choose a primer to match the paint - acrylic primer to acrylic paint, for example.

Fix foundation flaws. Use putty to repair cracks in walls and ceilings.
If necessary, treat the walls with an antifungal and antiseptic solution.
Paint the finished walls and ceiling using the appropriate painting technique. Wait for each layer to dry before applying a new one.

Painting walls and ceilings with your own hands is not a difficult job, but it is creative and requires patience. Do not rush, wait for each layer to dry, then the coating will please the eye for a long time and look like freshly painted.

For repair work indoors, they were used even when there was a shortage building materials on the market. But even today, in a period of sufficient choice, the demand for such material remains. How to apply oil paint? What staining technologies exist? What is the difference between oil paint and other compositions? More on this later in the article.

Inexpensive do-it-yourself repairs: painting walls with oil paint

Drying oil - the basis of oil paint - is produced synthetically, which reduces the cost finished products, while its qualities remain the same: the paint fits tightly on the surface, does not allow moisture to pass through, and is resistant to abrasion.

How to paint walls with oil paints

The main problem faced by a person performing work on painting walls with enamel or oil composition- an unpleasant, persistent odor that literally eats into clothes, skin and hair. In addition, the substances released during evaporation and drying are toxic.

Wait until the first one dries before applying the second layer. If you paint over a seized, but not dried layer, then the surface will be with stains, smudges and bumps.

Coloring technology

Wall painting technologies depend on the following points:

wall dimensions, height and width;
the presence of a previous layer of paint;
wall material (concrete, slab, drywall, wood);
room temperature;
desired structure;
composition viscosity.

If you need to repaint the walls on top of the existing one, then you need to sand the surface, close up the openings and irregularities with putty, then soak it with a primer.

For a structurally rough surface, a roller with a long and dense fleecy synthetic base is required. After one application, the surface will be uneven, with small protrusions and droplets. As a rule, this technology is used instead of putty with a relief base.

For a perfectly smooth surface with a brilliant effect, it is necessary to initially level the surface, free the wall from bumps, old plaster and paint.

After priming, use the spray gun method.

The technology of painting walls with a brush is not used due to the fact that on a flat surface, after a while, the paint flows down even with a thin layer, stains and unevenly painted areas are obtained.

The brush helps in hard-to-reach places:

corners;
ceiling-mounted area near the baguettes;
corner area near the window and doorway;
skirting area.

Painting the walls begins with painting the corners, then use a roller with a pile of no more than 4 mm, 150-200 mm wide.

Nuances at work

In addition to a roller, brush or spray gun, you will need:

masking tape for protection and even application of paint in the corners, on window slopes;
a tray for distributing paint and limiting the amount of material taken per roller;
sandpaper to eliminate bumps, sagging of hardened old paint;
floor film;
drying oil to control the density of the mixture.

When using an airbrush, it is necessary to test this technology in advance on small area to understand the process and estimate the final layer thickness on the wall. If the oil composition is very thick, it is worth diluting it with drying oil so that the pigment lies evenly.

Painting with oil paint: how is it different from others

The main difference between repair work with an oil composition is a persistent smell. Intoxication of the body when safety rules are neglected can be severe, hospitalization will be required. However, it is worth remembering that the first signs are extremely difficult to recognize, headache, nausea and vomiting are already complications of chemical poisoning.

It is also important to remember that oil paint fades, peels and burns over time. Therefore, when choosing a material for painting walls, you should pay attention to the availability of light, distance from hot household items. With constant thermal contact, it will burst, peel off and fall off the wall.

Today, oil paint for painting walls or ceilings is used extremely rarely. More often, this composition is used for outdoor work or for painting floors. In any case, you should follow the safety rules: ventilate the room and use respirators.