Metal turning staircases with winder steps: features and advantages. Methods for calculating winder steps Calculation of winder steps of a staircase at 90 degrees

Please indicate the required dimensions in millimeters

X- the length of the opening that the staircase will occupy
Y- height from the floor level of the first floor to the floor level of the second floor
E- width of the stairs
F- step projection
Z- thickness of steps

C- number of all stages
P- number of steps + platform

Calculation turning stairs somewhat more complicated than calculating straight stairs.
Calculation of stair comfort is calculated using a formula based on step length.
A person's stride length ranges from 60 to 66 cm, with an average of 63 cm.
A comfortable staircase corresponds to the formula: 2 step heights + step depth = 63±3 cm.

The most convenient inclination of the stairs is from 30° to 40°.
The depth of the steps of the stairs must correspond to shoe size 45 - no less than 28-30 cm.
The lack of depth can be compensated by the protrusion of the step.
The height of the step should be up to 20-25 cm.

You can also achieve the convenience of a turning staircase by changing the height of the platform.

The program will draw drawings of a turning staircase with the main angles and dimensions.
The drawings show the general dimensions of the stairs, the markings of the top of the steps on the strings, the corners of the steps and the main dimensions of the steps themselves.

A staircase is an indispensable means of moving between floors of residential and commercial premises. As a rule, owners of multi-storey private dwellings and country houses prefer a turning staircase. This design saves square meters in apartments, it looks impressive and fully performs its main functions - ascent and descent. How to correctly calculate a staircase depending on its type - read the article.

The calculation of the steps of the staircase leading to the second floor of a private house or apartment depends, first of all, on the type of structure - regular (straight) or curved (L-, U-shaped, screw). There are general formulas for calculating stairs, the basic values ​​of which vary depending on the type of staircase.

Most often, a formula based on step length is used for calculation: 2 x tread height + riser height = 60 cm.

When making calculations, you should focus, first of all, on the composition of the family (presence of children, elderly people). So, risers that are too high are not suitable for children, and for older people it will be difficult to use stairs with shallow treads.

How to calculate the steps of a staircase, knowing the length and height of the structure

One of the main indicators of the convenience and comfort of a staircase is the number of steps. Optimal for one flight of stairs The number of steps is considered to range from 3 to 16. A smaller number increases the likelihood of stumbling, and a larger number increases the likelihood of getting tired when climbing.

In order to calculate the length of the stairs, you need to:

• Measure the distance between the floors of the first and second floors (do not forget about the thickness of the ceiling, which should be included in the total length of the stairs);
• Divide the resulting value by the height of the riser.

The height of the riser, according to GOST, should be within 12-20 cm and selected in accordance with the type and purpose of the structure.

Constructing a “Duck Step” staircase: calculating the step of the stairs

“Duck step” is an ideal design for a small room: to organize such a staircase, 2.5 meters in length and 80 cm in width will be enough. The compactness of the staircase is achieved due to the special design of the steps, the width of the treads of which increases in places corresponding to the step.

In order for the duck step design to be comfortable and safe, you must follow the following recommendations:

• For straight structures, the optimal width of the step tread at the step location is 300 mm;
• The step height should be increased to 15 cm minimum;
• Risers should only be used on wooden stairs;
• The transition from the wide to the narrow part of the step should be smooth, in metal structures it is allowed to use pedal steps without a narrowed part;
• To calculate the length of curved lines, spiral staircases the formula should be used to calculate the length of structures with a rotation angle of 360 degrees: l = 2πr.

To calculate the length of a “duck” step, the following formula is suitable: squared step height + step width = 65 cm.

How to calculate stairs with steps of 90 and 180 degrees

The most popular type of staircase found in two-story houses and apartments - L-shaped - design with winders, turning steps or a platform forming an angle of 90 degrees with adjacent walls.

The peculiarity of designing a turning staircase is that in different parts of the corner of the structure the width of the steps is different: at the outer edge of the staircase it is larger, at the inner edge it is smaller.

In order to calculate corner stairs, you need to select a type of design (spiral, with a straight or 180-degree angle) and enter certain parameters.

Namely:

• The height and length of the ceiling opening;
• Estimated width of the flight of stairs;
• Total number of steps;
• Estimated number of turning steps;
• Number of lower steps.

Most calculators also offer to determine the height of the step relative to the floor.

A computer program that does not require an Internet connection to carry out calculations and can provide both a two-dimensional and three-dimensional model of a rotary structure will also help you calculate corner stairs.

Calculation of staircase steps (video)

Today, in order to design a convenient and safe turning staircase, it is not necessary to turn to the services of construction companies. To do this, you can use simple formulas, online calculators or offline programs that allow you to create a staircase model that will fully comply with both your preferences and safety standards. All you have to do is choose the easiest and convenient way and create a comfortable staircase that will fit perfectly into the interior of your apartment!

When building houses with more than one floor, a common problem is the limited space for installing stairs. Most suitable option in such cases there will be a metal turning staircase with winder steps. Such stairs, thanks to the variety of shapes, will fit well into modern interior and save useful space.

Types of structures

Usually, to get to the second floor, a staircase with one flight is installed. This ascent can be divided into two flights, then there should be a transition platform between them. To save space and have a more aesthetic appearance, this platform is replaced with winder steps. Winder stairs are called staircases with steps shaped like triangles or trapezoids, attached radially to one common support.

There are several types of such stairs.

1. Screw. Looks like a spiral. They consist entirely of winder steps.
2. Marching. Instead of transition platforms, there are winder steps with a 90-degree bend.
3. P - shaped. The parallel flights are connected to each other by a 180 degree bend.
4. Mixed. The lower flight and upper spiral staircases are connected by winder steps.

The requirements for turning staircases with winder steps are quite strict.

When installing such a ladder, comfortable, unhindered and safe movement should be ensured. To do this, the following conditions must be taken into account when designing:

• the width of the step along the line of movement (where the foot directly steps) is at least 200 mm, in its narrow part - 100 mm, and in the wide part - 400 mm;
• the height of the tread should be equal on all flight flights and comfortable for descent and ascent; the optimal range is considered to be from 120 to 220 mm;
• for comfortable movement, the distance between the ceiling and the steps should be equal to the height of a tall person plus 10 cm, but not less than two meters;
• the recommended angle of inclination of the stairs is 30-45 degrees;
• the angle of rotation should be equal to or slightly greater than the angle of inclination of the stairs;

• the railings are installed parallel to the angle of inclination of the stairs at a height of 0.8-1.0 m;
• the optimal width of the flight of stairs is at least 0.9 m;
• the stairs must be freely accessible;
• the structure is located in a less visited part of the room, for example, in a corner;
• installation metal stairs In a building made of wood, it must be done after the house shrinks, otherwise a structural failure may occur.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like all stairs, winders also have their pros and cons.

The advantages of these designs include:

• Possibility of installation outdoors and indoors;
• saving space not only on the first floor, but also on subsequent floors;
• thanks to the variety of shapes and designs, you can create a unique work of art that fits original into any interior;
• long service life;
• reliability of the design.

Disadvantages include:

• For safety and ease of use, required accurate calculations during design;
• high risk of injury and inconvenience when moving due to the width of the steps: wider on the outside and narrow on the inside (absent with proper design);
• noise made when walking (eliminates by finishing the steps with wood, rubber, tiles, etc.);
• painting or enamel coating is required, with the exception if the structure is made of stainless metal;
• high price both when purchasing a finished product and when making it yourself;
• at self-installation Welding knowledge and related equipment are required.

Design of a turning staircase with winder steps

One of the main stages of staircase construction is design. It depends on what size and appearance will have a future interfloor passage.

Design includes the following stages:

• taking measurements;
• carrying out calculations;
• drawing up a diagram - a drawing according to which the rotary staircase will be mounted.

Initially, they determine the location of the stairs and take measurements of the length, height, and width of the space under the flight of stairs. The type and size of the future inter-level transition depends on the amount of free space.

For each turning staircase, a corresponding calculation is carried out.

Calculation of the number of steps

For a more accurate calculation, you can use the formula N=H1/H2, where:

• N – number of steps;
• H1 – span height;
• H2 – step height.

If you don’t get a whole number, then you need to change the height of all steps or just the first one. You can substitute a platform with the missing height under the flight of stairs.

It is not recommended to install more than 3-5 winder steps, otherwise the steps will be narrow and inconvenient to climb.

For products with sharp turns

At the initial design stage, the master determines the axis from which the bending radius of the staircase is located. For a 90-degree bend, the axis is located at the point where the lines of the outermost straight steps in the flights join. If the angle is 180, then it’s right between two spans. To prevent the steps from being too narrow, the axis can be moved beyond the span by 1/8 of the flight width.

The outer edge of the winder section is equal to the gap from the axis to the outer edge of the straight marching steps. And also from the axis you can draw arcs passing along the inner edge and the middle line.

Along the line of movement, it is necessary to set aside segments equal to the width of the foot, approximately 200 mm long. Draw rays from the central axis through these segments. This will be the silhouette of future steps.

For model with smooth transition

Stairs with a steep transition are inconvenient for movement, so a softer transition is often used.

In such a transition, the change of steps into a triangular shape begins from the march flight.

For U-shaped stairs

1. Initially, the drawing indicates the contours of the marching spans. There should be ¼ of their width between them. The radius of curvature of the winder section is equal to half the width between the marches plus the width of the march. Then this radius is set off from the upper edge of the winder steps and the axis of curvature of the flight of stairs is found.
2. After the radius of curvature has been found, the upper and lower arcs of the marching turn and the middle of the staircase are drawn from the axis.
3. The next stage is the distribution of steps. It is recommended to start from the center. Segments with a length equal to the width of the step are laid along the midline. This line should be exactly in the middle of the step, and from this line the next steps are sequentially marked.

Unlike a soft transition, you need to decide where the winder section will begin. The fewer steps there are in this area, the safer and more convenient this area will be.

For stairs with a 90 degree turn

To save space and reliable fixation It is more convenient to install the structure in the corner of the room.

The calculation must begin with a drawing of a circle with a radius equal to 1/2 the span width. In the future, this will be the middle line on the run-in section.

In relation to the vertical of this circle, draw a line (rotation axis) at an angle of 45 degrees. The tangent line to the axes of the circle indicates the line of movement along the stairs. Then this line is divided into segments equal to the average width of the steps.

There may be two options for the distribution of steps:

• the rotation axis divides the middle step in half;
• the steps are proportionally laid out on both sides of the rotation axis.

Then we find the intersection point of the last step of the lower march and the first step of the upper march. This will be the center from which radial lines are drawn through the segments on the line of motion. This center can be adjusted to maintain the size of the external step width of 400 mm and the internal width of 100 mm. These lines are the contours of the steps.

The resulting drawing is a scale diagram of the staircase.

To obtain more accurate dimensions, it is better to carry out calculations in a graphic editor or special computer program. The programs will allow you to create a three-dimensional model indicating all the parameters.

The most famous programs are:

• "Compass"– you don’t need to have any special skills to work in it;
• SolidWorks– a program for creating engineering structures;
• Consultec Staircon– will allow you to create a 3D project and calculate the necessary costs.

But the data obtained by drawing up a drawing on paper will be enough to build a reliable and durable staircase. For ease of construction and obtaining the most approximate dimensions, it is better to draw up such drawings on graph paper. This will make it easier to convert sizes to actual size. Minor inconsistencies can be eliminated during the installation process.

It often happens that insufficient space in a private house simply does not allow the construction of an ordinary single-flight staircase to the second floor. We have to look for another solution - divide the rise into two flights or fit a screw structure into the available space.

Or you can combine these approaches - the staircase will have two flights, but between them there is not a platform, but a section of ascent of the spiral type, for the transition between straight sections. In this area, so-called winder steps are installed, which allow you to change the direction of the stairs. The design, of course, becomes more complicated, but the required compactness of the interfloor transition is achieved.

Can a winder staircase be built with your own hands? Yes, definitely. But in order to understand this issue, it is necessary to first consider what types of structures that have winder steps are, and learn how to calculate them.

Stairs with winder steps

First of all, it must be said that winders are steps that have the shape of a regular or irregular triangle and are almost always located on the same support. Such steps can completely form the structure of the staircase or replace the platform between two flights.

Staircases with winder steps include several types of structures:

If the room has high ceilings, then you should also pay attention to buildings consisting of a series of steps with a 90-degree turn. To make the ascent safer, it is preferable to use an intermediate platform during the construction of structures.

Let's highlight some features:

• the space under the steps can be used for your own needs;
• can, if necessary, have an approach from any side: ninety-degree stairs, right-handed and left-handed;
• winder steps during the construction of a structure are smaller in height, unlike other types of stairs;
• the marches are at right angles, the intermediate platform is made in the shape of a square.

The most commonly used material in manufacturing is wood. In the production of wooden staircases rotating 90 degrees, hard wood species are used: oak, ash, beech. Or semi-solid: spruce, larch, pine. Wooden structures have always been famous for their grace. In addition, wooden products will have a beneficial effect on health.

The presented building, right- or left-entry, can be equipped with winder steps. Climbing a winder staircase with a 90-degree turn cannot be called very comfortable, because inner side its steps are fewer than the outer one. However, the design has an elegant appearance, and when correct location will significantly save space and will serve for many years.

Calculation of a ninety degree turning staircase

Calculating the dimensions of the finished structure is not an easy task. You can use special mathematical formulas, but it is easier to do this using an online calculation calculator, which can be found on the Internet. You will need the following measurements:

• the distance between two floors (from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second);
• opening length;
• width of the structure.

This is the minimum set of parameters that you will need.
Having certain knowledge and skills, you can carry out the calculation yourself. If not, we recommend using the services of our professional measurer.