home Wooden

Schematic diagram of storm drainage. Storm sewer installation. Linear drainage systems

Storm drainage is a hydrological engineering system, which consists of channels and special equipment that collect, filter and drain atmospheric precipitation into designated places - collectors, filtration fields, and reservoirs.

Landscape design studio LENOTR-PARK designs and installs stormwater systems:

around residential buildings;
around public and industrial buildings and structures;
on personal plots;
in the territories of parks, squares, recreation areas;
in areas and around buildings and structures for agricultural purposes.

Order a turnkey stormwater system and solve the problems:

flooding of buildings during periods of snow melting and intense precipitation;
soaking of green spaces from excess surface water;
destruction of road surfaces;
soil erosion, formation of landslides, ravines;
rising groundwater levels.

5 advantages of cooperation with landscape studio LENOTR-PARK:

we design, install stormwater systems and provide a 3-year warranty;
turnkey projects (design and installation) cost 7% less;
We select special equipment from our own fleet that matches the size and conditions of the site. This approach allows work to be carried out locally and accurately;
We use only high quality components from European manufacturers (Germany, Switzerland) and domestic brands;
We create loyal prices, on average, 10-15% lower in the landscape services market.

Call +7 499-397-82-02 or leave in the form feedback your phone number and get a free consultation about the stormwater system on your site or territory.

LENONR-PARK specialists work only on the principles of an individual approach. We do not use standard solutions. When designing and installing a stormwater system for your site, all the nuances will be taken into account. At the same time, all requirements of the relevant SNiP are strictly fulfilled. You can submit an application for the installation of a stormwater system in the feedback form, or by calling the specified phone number.

Probably everyone has had the opportunity to observe, during heavy rainfalls, dirty streams of water along the roads and huge puddles in which cars froze, unable to overcome the self-formed reservoirs. This clear example a faulty or incorrectly laid stormwater system, or the absence of one. In any case, such phenomena are fraught with economic damage - from damaged shoes (in pedestrian areas) to the destruction of foundations and road surfaces (if repeated many times).

In order to avoid the situations described above, the organization (as an event) of surface runoff is undertaken through the arrangement of stormwater systems.

Types of storm systems

Depending on the type of drainage systems, stormwater systems are divided into point and linear, and according to the method of removing sediments - into open and closed.

Point drainage systems

Point systems installed to collect water from roof gutters, and consist of storm water inlets and pipe lines connecting them. Water is diverted through a pipeline to a storage tank or discharged outside the site. Storm water inlets are equipped with an internal basket for collecting debris entering the system and a mesh for filtering water.

The arrangement of a point stormwater system around the perimeter of the house requires the presence of a drainage system on the roof.

Linear drainage systems

Linear drainage systems are designed to drain water not only falling from roof gutters, but also flowing from paths, platforms, highways, etc. Ie. linear system covers much large quantity objects. It is a network of canals, above-ground or underground. Sediment is also discharged outside the site, or used for other purposes, accumulating in the collector.

The linear drainage system, in turn, can be open or closed. Often, when arranging a storm drain, a mixed type of system design is used.

Open storm systems

Open storm system consists of gutters laid in the ground at a shallow depth and with a slight slope, through which water flows into the local sewer or collector. Water collection trays and gutters are equipped with gratings and sand traps along the entire length of the laid channels.
Gutters can be semicircular, triangular or trapezoidal in shape. Their size and shape are determined in accordance with the relevant SNiP, based on data on the intensity, frequency and duration of average annual precipitation typical for a particular region. Gutters may or may not be covered with grates.

For open storm systems, gratings are used:

steel. Advantage - inexpensive, disadvantage - covered with rust;
cast iron - long service life, disadvantage - paint flies off quickly;
from aluminum alloys- these are the most expensive products, but also the most durable, not losing their original design over time.

We see examples of open storm drains everywhere - along the perimeter of sites, along pedestrian paths, transport highways, etc. The undeniable advantage of an open storm drain system is ease of installation and low financial investment.

Closed storm systems

Closed storm systems represent a more complex and expensive option, since they provide for the removal of moisture from storm water inlets through pipes laid at a certain depth. This system is used over large areas - industrial enterprises, objects social sphere, private holdings with an area measured in hectares, etc.

The slope of the pipes, the diameter of the pipes, and the size of the water intakes are calculated for each individual case. Pipes are usually PVC, for outdoor use. But for large slopes, metal ones are recommended.

In stormwater systems of this type, inspection wells are required, through which the pipes are periodically cleaned. These are standard products that are produced by industry different sizes and configurations.
Depending on their depth, closed stormwater systems can be either freezing or non-freezing. The first ones are laid to a depth of less than a meter (within the depth of soil freezing) and in early spring they do not work. Their advantage is that it is simpler, and therefore cheaper, technological process. The second ones, which are non-freezing, are laid below the soil freezing level (for the Moscow region this is within 150-170 cm). The advantages and disadvantages of such a system are obvious - it is reliable, but expensive (and not always advisable when it comes to private homes).

When arranging closed storm drains Do not combine the drain with the drainage system. This is fraught with overflowing the system and water coming to the surface, with all the ensuing consequences. And another potential threat is silting of drainage pipes that cannot be cleaned. Those. the drainage system will fail.

You should also not discharge surface water into the sewer system.. During a good rainfall, the rate of influx of water is quite high - from 10 m³/hour. There is a high probability of the well overflowing and water entering the sewer system.

Mixed type of storm system design

Mixed drainage systems- a compromise option, and, I must say, the optimal one in terms of quality, speed of water drainage and cost. In this system, part is closed, and part is open, part is point, and part is linear. Through gutters, through wells and catch basins, water enters the pipeline and is discharged outside the site.

But in any case, there is no single, universal model of a surface water disposal system. For each object, the structure of the drainage system is determined separately. For each object, calculations are made, taking into account climatic features, soil absorption capacity, relief, shape and area of the site.

What to do with waste water

Disposal of waste water is far from an idle issue. Not all plots are located on the banks of a river or lake, where they can be taken, not everyone needs water for irrigation or other household needs, and not everywhere there is an opportunity to connect to the city storm sewer.

Options for draining or using storm water:

Watering beds and paths is possible if toxic substances do not get into the water. Moisture is accumulated in wells, from where it is pumped into the irrigation system. This use of water (we emphasize if it remains clean) fits well with the environmental concept;
discharge of water into the city storm sewer;
discharging water into a drainage ditch or a nearby body of water;
discharge of water into the ground - carried out when the previous options are impossible. Water is discharged into a system of perforated pipes located quite deep. The depth of their occurrence is calculated in such a way that storm water entering the soil does not raise the groundwater level to a critical level.

Sequence of laying a storm system

The first and, perhaps, main stage, which will protect the owner of the site from wrong decisions, extra costs– this is the development of a stormwater system project. Of course, this task is best handled by specialists who have both the necessary knowledge base and extensive experience.

If a complex territory improvement project is ordered, then the process of arranging a storm drain can be significantly optimized in terms of cost, labor costs and time, since all work related to soil excavation is carried out in parallel. Those. drainage and stormwater systems can be installed in conjunction.

As for the actual installation of the stormwater system, the order, in general, will be as follows. By the way, if there are no gutters on the roof, they need to be installed.

Sequence of actions when installing a storm drain:

trenches are dug for storm water inlets, sand traps, gutters and pipelines;
trenches are compacted, the slope is checked;
crushed stone is added in a layer of 10 cm (the layer is determined by the nature of the soil);
pipes are laid;
gutters, storm water inlets, inspection wells are installed (can be placed on concrete foundations, depending on design solutions);
parts and sections of the system are connected;
trenches are filled with crushed stone, then sand or earth;
gratings are installed over gutters and rainwater inlets;
the outlet pipe is connected to the manifold.

Heavy rains and spring thaw become a real problem for many homeowners. After all, after rain, the site turns into a kind of swamp, and regular flooding of the foundation and walls contributes to their destruction. Let's consider the main points of the construction of such a device as a storm sewer - SNiP, GOST and other requirements that should be taken into account.

What's happened ? Storm drains are usually called complex network engineering, which serve to collect and remove moisture from the drained area that falls in the form of precipitation. To construct these schemes, you should be guided by the requirements of SNiP, which address the issues of constructing external sewerage networks.

The SNiP, which regulates the standards that external sewer networks must comply with, contains the necessary formulas for carrying out calculations when designing a system, specifies the requirements for materials, the depth of pipes, etc. important points construction.

Types of storm drainage

There are two types of storm drains:

Point system.
Linear system.

Point type storm drainage system

Point diagrams are networks of stormwater inlets and pipes connecting them. In order to assembled circuit was durable, safe and effective, technical specifications for storm sewers, they provide for the installation of protective gratings on storm inlets, as well as the installation of special filters - sand traps.

Linear storm sewer

A linear scheme is a network of canals that are designed to collect and transport water. According to the requirements of SNiP, storm sewers are installed so that there is a slope towards the main collector.

A closed-type storm sewer consists of a network of storm water inlets connected by pipes laid at depth through which water is discharged to the collector. To maintain and monitor the operation of the system, inspection wells with a diameter of 1 meter are included.

Advice! All aspects that will need to be taken into account when developing a project and constructing a storm sewer are set out in the regulatory document SNiP 2.04.01-85.

If, when laying pipes for some reason, it is not possible to withstand minimum slope, then the system includes pumps for pumping liquid, since it cannot move by gravity.

Storm drainage elements

Typically, the sewer network includes the following elements:

Storm water inlets. This is one of the important elements of the system, the main function of which is the local collection of water from the surface of the earth.
Door pallets. This is an analogue of storm water inlets that are installed in front of entrance groups at home or at the gate.
or . Elements installed in ditches for water drainage. So that water can move through them by gravity, a slight slope of the storm sewer is provided, directed towards the collector.
Pipes. This element performs the same function as the trays, but is laid not in surface trenches, but underground.

Sand catchers. These are filter elements that prevent debris and soil particles from entering the drainage system.
Inspection wells. Elements necessary to control the operation of the system.

Storm sewer calculation

Before starting the construction of a storm drain, you need to make a correct calculation of the storm sewer, for this you need to know:

Average rainfall in this area.
Drainage area, that is, the area of roofs, platforms and paths with a waterproof coating.
Soil properties at the site.
Locations of already constructed underground communications on the site.

You can calculate what the diameter of a storm drain should be using the formula:

Q = q20 x F x Ψ

Designations in the formula:

Q is the volume of water that the system will have to drain.
q20 – precipitation intensity.

Advice! This value depends on the climatic conditions of the area; you can find its value in the tables according to SNiP 2.04.03 - 85.

F is the area of surfaces from which water is planned to be drained.
Ψ is a correction factor that depends on the covering material of the site from which water is collected.

Advice! The correction factor for roofing is 1.0, for areas and paths covered with asphalt - 0.95, for concrete coverings– 0.85, for crushed stone coverings – 0.4 (and if the crushed stone is treated with bitumen, the coefficient will be 0.6).

Pipe depth

The question of what the depth of storm drainage should be is widely discussed in construction forums. Meanwhile, a completely understandable answer is given in SNiP 2.04.03-85 - the minimum depth of storm drainage is determined by the experience of operating systems in this area.

Advice! As a rule, subject to operation in middle lane and the use of pipes with diameters up to 500 mm, the minimum depth is taken to be 30 cm. In the event that larger diameter pipes are used for the construction of a system such as a storm sewer, their laying depth should not be less than 70 cm.

In order not to carry out complex calculations and not worry about possible errors, it is best to find out what the laying depth should be from people who are involved in the construction of storm sewers in practice. You can ask your neighbors if they have already finished building external drainage and storm sewer networks, or make inquiries with construction organizations working in this area.

Slope of stormwater pipes

In order to find out the minimum slope of a storm drain, you need to consider:

Type of drainage;
Pipe diameter;
Surface coating.

When using pipes with a diameter of 200 mm, the slope should be 0.7 cm for each meter of pipeline length. If pipes with a cross-section of 150 mm were used, then the slope should be 0.8 cm per meter.

In case of urgent need, SNiP 2.04.03-85 contains a direct indication that in certain sections of the network the minimum slope can be slightly reduced:
up to 0.5 cm per meter when using pipes measuring 200 mm;

up to 0.7 cm per meter for pipes with a diameter of 150 mm.

Thus, if local conditions force you to do this, you can “save” up to 2 mm for every meter of pipeline length. Do not forget that SNiP regulates not only the minimum, but also the maximum slope of the pipeline. It should not exceed 1.5 cm for every meter of pipe.

If you exceed this figure, the risk of clogging the structure will increase. The fact is that if the slope is greater than normal, the water quickly leaves, and the sand contained in it settles, as a result of which the inner surface of the pipe quickly silts up.

Construction of storm drainage

In general, installation work on the installation of storm drains is carried out in the same way as when laying external pipelines of a conventional sewer system.

If external storm sewer networks are installed, SNiP allows the use of the following types of pipes:

Asbestos-cement;
Steel;

Asbestos cement is a traditional material used for the construction of external sewerage pipelines, including stormwater. The disadvantages of the material include its high fragility and significant weight (a meter of pipe with a diameter of 100 mm weighs more than 24 kg). Steel pipes have much less weight (a meter of pipe weighs about 10 kg), but they are prone to corrosion, so it is not profitable to use them for the construction of storm drains.

IN Lately used for the construction of storm drains plastic pipes. They are light (a meter weighs no more than 5 kg), but durable and resistant to corrosion. In addition, they are easy to connect and do not require welding. Can be used:

, if external networks are being installed, then for their construction you need to use a special type of pipes; they are painted orange;
Multilayer polymer pipes. Today this is best option. These pipes have a smooth inner surface, so there is no hydraulic resistance.

Installation of the roofing part

The work goes like this:

Openings are made in the ceilings for installing rainwater inlets, and all junctions are carefully sealed.
Drainage pipes are strengthened when constructing a point system or trays when installing a linear storm drain.
Install drain risers or pipes.
A unit is assembled for discharging water into a collector or discharging into tray systems.
All devices are attached to walls and ceilings using clamps. Places for installing clamps are planned in advance, not forgetting to follow the recommended slope values.

Laying the underground part

Installation begins with the installation of trenches. When constructing systems such as storm sewers, the depth of installation is most often determined not by the depth of freezing, but by the experience of operating the systems at the construction site.
Trenches are dug with a slope, that is, their depth should gradually increase.
At the bottom of the trenches there is a sand cushion, the layer height is 20 cm.
A pit is being prepared for installing the collector.
Pipes should be laid in the prepared ditches, the pipes should be connected to each other and connected to the collector using conventional fittings.
If the sewer network consists of a single branch more than 10 meters long, then it is worth planning to install a manhole in the middle of it. Such wells should be installed at network branch points.
Sand traps are installed at the junction of water inlet gutters and stormwater pipe systems.
Now all that remains is to backfill the trenches and cover the open structures (trays) with gratings on top.

The need to create security zones

Few people know that there is such a thing as a sewerage security zone, including storm sewerage, and meanwhile, SNiP stipulate that a security zone of a certain size be organized near the pipes. Thus, the storm drain protection zone provides for a distance of 5 meters from the pipe walls in each direction. A security zone is a place where it is prohibited:

Build permanent or temporary structures.
Set up garbage dumps.
Arrange parking.
Plant trees or bushes at a distance of less than three meters from the pipe.
Block free access to manholes.

So, installing a rainwater drainage system is a necessary measure when landscaping a site. When constructing such systems, it is necessary to strictly comply with the requirements and rules that are formulated in regulatory documents - construction and sanitary rules.

Water that accumulates after precipitation and is not drained from the structure in a timely manner and land plot, leads to the destruction of the foundation and structures, the appearance of dampness inside the building, and in winter period Black ice appears around the house. If a piece of land has high The groundwater, that is, the risk of waterlogging local area. Basements and basements, where there is no drainage of liquid, are constantly humid, and the walls are covered with mold and mildew, come under severe attack. You can resist such misfortunes with the help of storm drains. Storm drainage is complicated engineering structure for accumulation and removal of wastewater.

— radically reduce the number of puddles in the yard and get rid of ice;

— reduce the risks of destruction of sidewalks, blind areas and building foundations;

— eliminate the possibility of dampness on the first and basement floors;

- almost completely eliminate moisture from entering the basement;

— eliminate the process of soil waterlogging or soil erosion;

- does not worry about preserving the aesthetic appeal of the local area and the building itself.

And most importantly, the storm system prevents oversaturation of the soil with moisture.

Types of storm drains:

Spot. The principle of operation of the sewerage system is an organized network of stormwater inlets and connecting pipes. Protective gratings and special sand catchers, a kind of filters, must be installed on rainwater inlets.

Linear. Such a sewer system is a network of channels that allows you to collect and transport water flows, sloping towards the collector. If the required slope in the landscape cannot be achieved, then slopes are installed to pump water.

Storm drainage has another classification:

— Open type, considered the simplest, as per installation work, and by design. The cost of installing such a storm drain is minimal. The principle of operation is also the simplest - open gutters and channels collect and discharge surface runoff;

— Closed type. A system with rainwater inlets and a closed or underground piping system;

- Mixed type. The storm system is a combination of open and closed system. It is rational to use such a system on large plots of land.

Stormwater systems are divided according to the type of drainage:

- Move to the side. Such a system involves the construction of a foundation blind area for the accumulation of rainfall;

— Retraction down. In this case, the water is discharged pointwise and the system must have a grate to contain dirt.

The principle of any stormwater system is the collection, direction and distribution of incoming water into the system. Even the most basic stormwater system has many elements:

— pipes that may be on the surface of the ground, may be buried in the ground, covered with concrete or asphalt, paving slabs;

- drainage trays and channels, storm water inlets, the efficiency of the entire system may depend on their rational distribution along the perimeter of the land plot;

— inspection wells designed to monitor the performance of the entire system;

— distributing and filtering elements, that is, sand traps.

Each element is important for storm drainage and failure of even the smallest part can completely reduce throughput the entire system.

Water container

The water container is intended, first of all, to collect liquid and further transport it to the disposal site. Today, containers are made of polymer concrete, ordinary concrete and polymer materials.

Containers made of ordinary concrete have a high degree of reliability, are cheap, but are heavy. The production process of containers is based on vibrocompression, which determines their durability.

Polymer concrete containers will last even longer than structures made from conventional concrete. However, the cost of such containers is high.

Polymer containers are the most popular. They are easy and quick to install and have a low cost. Polymer containers are very light and, due to their smooth surface, almost never become clogged.

Hatches

All storm drain hatches are classified according to the type of material from which they are made:

Cast iron. Such hatches have a long service life, at least 80 years. The cast iron hatch can withstand a load of 90 tons and withstands sudden temperature changes.

Cast iron has two main disadvantages:

- high cost of products made from it;

- heavy weight.

Cast iron hatches are produced for main needs, for installation on highways. Heavy duty hatches for busy roads. Medium weight ones are installed in residential areas and light ones are intended for lawns and pedestrian areas. In the private sector, cast iron hatches are installed exclusively on the roadway; in other places it is not advisable to spend money on cast iron products.

Plastic. Plastic hatches have, perhaps, one drawback - they are unable to withstand heavy loads. Otherwise, plastic has the same advantages:

— possibility of operation for 50 years;

- light weight;

— high resistance to aggressive environments;

— resistance to temperature changes;

— a wide range of colors, which allows you to install the hatch on any landscape;

- a huge range of different shapes;

— the ability to independently install a plastic hatch.

Composite and polymer-composite. In this case, the composite hatch can be made of fiberglass, powder filler or polyester resin.

Polymer-composite hatches are plastic and sand, with the addition of other materials, and the product is manufactured by pressing using high temperatures.

The main disadvantage of such hatches is the minimum degree of resistance to loads. This design can last no more than 20 years. But they tolerate temperatures from -60 to +60 very well, without fear of exposure harmful substances, petroleum products. Not subject to corrosion.

The cost of composite and composite-polymer hatches is low, but it is better to install them in places where high loads are not expected, on lawns or in park areas.

Another classification of hatches is by shape. Most manufacturers make square, round and rectangular hatches.

Most often you can find round-shaped hatches; in this case, a minimum amount of material is spent on the construction of the structure, and therefore their cost is low. Round hatches best distribute the load over the entire area and are practically not subject to deformation.

The advantage of plastic and composite hatches is that they can not only be installed independently, but also decorated. Stones can be used as decorative elements, which, if necessary, can be removed and the storm drain can be cleaned.

This element of storm drainage is used when the system is installed on asphalt areas or roofs.

A storm inlet is a rectangular funnel with outlets to which the entire sewage system is mounted. This element of the system is made from:

- plastic;

- cast iron;

— polymer concrete;

- polypropylene.

Plastic storm water inlets are very popular in private construction. Cast iron receivers are usually installed in places with high traffic, as they can withstand heavy loads.

Plastic rainwater inlets are lightweight and easy to install. Can be used both at high and low low temperatures. They tolerate mechanical and chemical stress well. Such storm water inlets can be installed even below the freezing level.

As a rule, rainwater inlets are produced in the shape of a cube, 30x40 cm. All faces have adaptive pipes so that pipes of any diameter can be mounted.

The second most popular is the cast iron rainwater inlet, although it is heavy.

On sale you can find stainless steel receivers, which are additionally coated with an anti-corrosion layer.

Despite this, plastic and concrete storm water inlets have the longest service life, especially since few people would want to steal such structures.

Regardless of the material from which the rain inlet is made, it must be equipped with filter baskets that will prevent foreign particles from entering the system.

So that the rainwater inlet does not have unpleasant odor, it can be equipped with a special siphon, and the design of the funnel itself should allow it to be freely cleaned of debris.

Lattices

The main purpose of the grate in a storm sewer system is protection from large debris. It is important where the grating will be used, on a personal plot or in a pedestrian area, on a highway, that is, according to the type of load. For example, the marking on the grate is DN 100, which means that it is suitable for a gutter with a channel width of 10 cm. Grilles of this type are in the range from A15, that is, for sidewalks, squares and pedestrian areas.

Storm drain gratings can be made from:

— cast iron, which is not subject to corrosion and will last as long as possible, is usually used at industrial facilities, airports, sea and river terminals, and terminals;

— gray cast iron for gratings is used for installation in garages, car parks and pedestrian areas, that is, in places where average level traffic intensity;

— made of stainless steel, hatches are used in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, in swimming pools and baths.

Conclusion

It is necessary to realize that if the rainwater inlet is placed incorrectly, water will still accumulate and the sewage system will not be effective. In order for all the water to flow completely into the water intake, it is necessary to find the lowest points on the site so that the water has the opportunity to drain on its own. The sewerage pipe must be clearly located above the rainwater inlet, that is, the water must clearly hit the target. When carrying out excavation work, it is necessary to adhere to the slope.

The work must be carried out in strict accordance with SNiP standards. There are certain requirements for storm sewers - you cannot build anything, park, dump garbage or plant plants within a distance of 5 meters from the system. That is, storm drains have a security zone.

In order to remove water from precipitation from the foundation of the house and from the site, storm drainage is used. Moreover, for high-quality installation and selection of elements requires a certain level of knowledge and skills.

If you take a responsible approach to studying the issue, you can install high-quality storm drainage yourself. First of all, you should understand the purpose of such a system.

Why do we need storm drainage?

In addition to directly draining water from precipitation, storm sewers perform a protective function. When water flows from the roof of a building, it falls on the blind area (which you can build yourself), the foundation, from which it rises along the walls. The walls are destroyed by moisture.

Not only the house can suffer from the effects of precipitation, but also the area adjacent to it. In an area with stagnant water, not a single plant will grow, and it will simply become a dirty patch. On paths where precipitation collects, puddles will form, making it difficult to approach the house. Excess rainwater is also undesirable for garden beds. Therefore, water from precipitation must be drained.

When is storm drainage required?

The answer to this question is extremely simple - always. To increase the service life and quality of operation, each building must be equipped with a system for draining water from precipitation. Unfortunately, most often the idea of installing a storm drain comes quite late, when the building is destroyed and requires serious repairs.

Therefore, it is important to plan the arrangement of gutters and drainage systems at the design and construction stage of the building. These elements are being built in parallel with the implementation of roofing works and filling the blind area. Such work is extremely important in regions with high levels of precipitation.

Before starting work on arranging a storm sewer, you should study the issue and get acquainted with the algorithm for its creation.

Scheme for creating a storm sewer

To create a sedimentation water collection system, two schemes can be used:

Spot diagram of storm drainage system;
Linear diagram of storm drainage.

A point-type storm system is necessary to collect water from the roof of buildings. The installation process is quite labor-intensive and requires installation and excavation work.

Through a drainage system, water from the roof is collected in storm water inlets and through special pipelines equipped underground, redirected to a collector well and discharged beyond the territory of the land plot.
In places where sedimentary water accumulates, it is allowed to install an additional well connected through a pipeline to a collector well.
When the snow melts, it is possible to reverse the outflow of water from the collector well. To prevent such an undesirable situation, it is necessary to install check valve for the collector.

Linear storm drainage is necessary to collect precipitation from blind areas, paths and lawns.

Such a drainage system is most often dug in around the perimeter of the blind area or along paths near the building. The main installation rule is to position the drainage trays strictly perpendicular to the water flow.

Helpful information ! To prevent various debris and leaves from getting into the collector instead of water, storm grates are installed on top of the drains. At the junction of the pipe leading to the collector and the drainage tray itself, a plastic grid is placed to catch sand.

To ensure high-quality functioning of storm drainage and reliable protection At home from sedimentary moisture, it is necessary to use both systems in combination. Before starting the installation of storm drainage and purchasing the required materials, it is necessary to carry out design work and calculations.

SNiP for storm drainage: calculation

To determine the required diameter of the drain, storm water inlets, and drainage elements of the system, it is necessary to take into account the level of precipitation in the region. This information can be obtained from the following regulatory documents: SP 32.13330.2012 or “SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures."

To calculate the amount of sedimentary water that needs to be drained, you must use the formula given in these documents Q = q20 ? F? ?, Where

Q— volume of precipitation, the waters of which must be drained;

? — water absorption coefficient.

In this case, the coefficient will depend on the quality of the surface:

1 - for the roof;

0.95 - for asphalt coatings;

0.85 - for cement coatings;

0.6 - materials made of crushed stone with bitumen treatment;

0.4 - for materials made of gravel and crushed stone that have not undergone bitumen treatment or treatment with bitumen analogues.

q 20 — intensity of precipitation in the region, measured in l/s per hectare. The formula for calculating this parameter is described in SNiP 2.04.03-85;

F- surface area from which water will be drained.

Based on the data obtained, the required volume of pipes for storm drainage can be easily determined.

Table of drainage system performance (in l/s) depending on the diameter of the pipes used and the slope of their location.

Pipe no.	Slope %
Pipe no.	0-0,3	0,5	1,0	1,5	2
№100	3,89	5,02	7,10	8,69	10,03
№ 150	12,21	15,76	22,29	27,31	31,53
№ 200	29,82	38,50	54,45	66,69	77,01

Using the obtained pipe diameters and the slope of the location, we calculate the required number of elements for the storm sewer and record their location. It should be taken into account that the distance between the drain and the storm inlet should not be more than 25 cm. When installing a collector well, it is necessary to deepen it to the threshold of soil freezing in the region. For example, for the central regions of Russia this threshold is 1.4 meters.

In cases where it is impossible to deepen the collector to a sufficient level, it is insulated.

After all the calculations have been made, it is necessary to select materials for installing storm sewers.

Selection of elements and pipes

First of all, when choosing pipes, you should pay attention to the temperature thresholds in the region, since, for example, plastic pipes burst in severe frosts.

All storm sewers can be divided into main and auxiliary components. The main ones include:

Pipes. These components are most often located underground, and therefore are not affected by significant temperature changes. This allows the use of pipes made of polymer materials: polypropylene pipes or multilayer corrugated polymer pipes (they are more often used at great depths).
Storm water inlets. These elements are designed to collect water from gutters and redirect it to the stormwater system. They are made from polypropylene materials, cast iron and polymer concrete. To prevent pipe clogging, rainwater inlets must be purchased with a removable waste basket.
Storm drainage trays. The materials used for the production of this element are concrete, plastic, and stainless steel. The internal cross-section of the tray reaches 100-500 mm (some models have a slope). To prevent contamination, a grid made of the same material as the tray itself is installed on top. This lattice performs not only a protective, but also a decorative function.
Door pallets. This is a rectangular element installed near the entrance to the room. Most often it is made of plastic; the upper grille can be made of steel.
Sand catchers. These are containers for small garbage. They are made from plastic and installed at the junction of trays and pipes.
Collector well. On the market you can find a huge number of models of this storm system element, made from the most different materials.
Manholes. They are located in corners or joints of several pipes. Needed to ensure quick sewer cleaning.

Auxiliary elements include all the necessary materials that will be needed during the installation and arrangement of the sewer system:

Socket bends and tees;
Couplings for connections, etc.

After all materials are prepared, we proceed to installation of the entire system.

Features of installing a storm system

Installation of storm drainage should begin after commissioning drainage system.

Installation Features:

The most complex and time-consuming work is land work. They are performed in the first stage. Trenches are dug throughout the entire sewerage area. It is necessary to fill the trench with a sand cushion (10 cm high).
Stormwater inlets are installed under each drain. In this case, the depth of the pits should be such that after installation the storm drain grate is at the same level as the blind area.
Pipes (corrugated drainage) are laid, with the help of which the storm water inlets are connected into a single system connected to the collector well. It is important to seal the joints.
The slope of the pipes leading from the storm inlet to the collector well is 2 degrees.
Linear sewerage must also be connected to the collector.
It is not necessary to make a collector well for the final precision system. It is necessary that water from this element be drained outside the site, for example, into a central sewer or ravine.

It is important to carry out the work carefully and check all connections and slopes of the pipes.

Conclusion

Arranging a storm drainage system on a site is not a difficult task. In order to maintain the system in working condition, it is necessary to perform seasonal cleaning of the system or as it becomes clogged. In addition, it is necessary to check the inspection wells, the collector, and wash the walls of all elements of the system. All exterior grilles must be cleaned weekly. How to clean it is fashionable to read “Cleaning storm drains” in more detail.

A high-quality storm drainage system will provide dry paths near your home and protect the area from excess dampness.

Humanity's desire to protect its land from negative influence Excessive rainfall has been known since ancient times. Modern drainage systems have become an integral attribute of a civilized society.

Drainage systems protect buildings and land, extending their service life, which, in turn, has a positive effect on the environment. Drainage - storm drainage in a private house (storm drain) - does an excellent job of this function. It is a structure made of pipes, trays, storm inlets, which is designed to collect rain and melt water. Storm drains are used to drain excess precipitation from the roofs of buildings, road surfaces, and land plots.

Storm sewerage is a complex that includes channels and devices that allow the collection and removal of excess rain and melt water outside the drained area. The wastewater is first filtered, and then it must be collected in a collector well. From it, wastewater flows to the loading points.

Further collection of atmospheric moisture is carried out on filtration fields, in special reservoirs, and reservoirs.

Accumulations of debris from the sewer must be periodically removed, which requires cleaning the linear network, which is the storm sewer. These steps are not difficult to do yourself. Cleaning can be done using the services of a specialized company. At the same time, it is important to know how the storm drain works, what elements are included in its composition, what technical requirements are presented to equipment in the storm sewer complex.

Storm drain device

The storm drainage system consists of channels that serve to remove excess moisture, which creates discomfort and destroys structures. It includes the following standard elements:

Storm water inlets in the form of funnels.
Pallets.
Linear trays for collecting water.
Gutters.
Pipes.

Technical conditions require equipping raincoats with sand traps or filtration devices, as well as gratings. This prevents suspended soil particles or debris from penetrating into the storm drain.

Which system to choose

There are linear and point storm drainage on the site. Linear sewerage, like point sewerage, consists of a roof drain (gutters, funnels) and underground pipes through which water from storm water inlets flows into the catch basins; wells and storm water inlets; trays. The drainage diagram is drawn up with a slope either to a point (point drainage) or to a line (linear drainage).

Both types belong to the surface scheme for drainage of rain and melt water.

When assembling storm drains, do not forget about sand traps (they do not let debris into the drain), plugs (prevent the reverse outflow of water), siphons (they retain unpleasant odors).

Point sewer inlets are installed under drainpipes around the house and watering taps, usually in places where slopes intersect. Stormwater inlets are usually equipped with baskets that trap debris. They need to be cleaned periodically.

Trays are required for a linear design. They are produced from various materials: plastic, concrete, composite. Installing them is easy, since the kit includes mounting components, plugs and adapters. Mount the trays at an angle. The top is covered with storm gratings. They are built around the house and around the site.

Open and closed types of storm drainage

The open type of storm drain is called linear because the water must flow over the roofs to a specific place.

You can install an open storm drain if you use gutters made of concrete, metal or plastic. To protect the sewer system from contamination, gratings should be placed on the gutters to perform an aesthetic function. To prevent soil shrinkage, it is necessary to provide a slope by making channels under the gutters. Channels can be installed using waterproof sealants.

Calculation of closed storm sewer:

Determine the characteristics of the territory and landscape features.
Provide for the presence of architectural structures around the house on the summer cottage.
Calculate the average degree of precipitation.
Understand the placement of technical structures.

After this, preliminary drawings should be prepared, which will indicate the layout of pipes and locations for installing equipment, and calculate the depth of the storm sewer. Designing a closed storm sewer will require the preparation of the following documents:

Information about the project.
Storm drain scheme.
Preliminary drawings.
Work report.

It must be remembered that the work of any sewer system will be of high quality if all equipment and sealants are of appropriate quality. Preventive cleaning of rainwater drains should be carried out at least once a year, which will prevent blockages of water inlets and trays

Materials

To install a storm drain, you can hire specialists, or you can do it yourself. Modern materials, from which storm sewers are installed, do not cause difficulties in work even for an inexperienced person.

You will need:

pipes;
couplings;
screed tapes;
bends (corrugated);
tees;
crosses or adapters.

As mentioned above, the storm drain consists of a roof drain and a ground part. They should be installed at the same time. So the effect of the work will be higher.

All storm drain elements are combined into general scheme according to technology, which can be of two types: point and linear. The choice of one scheme or another depends on the method of collecting wastewater. If the installation of rainwater drainage channels is carried out in the ground, then pipes are used. Plastic, concrete or asbestos trays and gutters are used to equip surface ditches, arranging internal and external drains that form a point system.

When constructing a storm drain, you should use PVC pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, which are connected by a double coupling. If pipes with maximum strength are used, then their laying depth should be greater. If there is a drainage system on the site, then the storm drain is installed above it. To insulate pipes with less strength, laid at shallow depths, geotextiles and crushed stone are used as insulation.

The design of a house's storm drainage system should include its connection to the site's irrigation or water supply.

If near summer cottage If there is a reservoir, then the collector should not be installed. The system is arranged so that water can enter the reservoir.

Installation requirements

There are certain requirements for the methods of laying elements, for example, trays, sewer pipes or gutters. It is necessary to maintain an inclination when laying the listed elements towards the catchment structures, as well as loading points.

Stormwater inlets for storm drainage are installed under the drain, and a funnel receiving water must be equipped using a filtration mesh. However, you will need an internal basket for collection. Another method of installing storm water inlets involves following the following installation diagram of elements:

On the right is a chute and a sand catcher.
In the center there is a funnel for receiving water from the drain.
On the left is the door tray.

Pipes for storm drainage are produced from different material: asbestos cement, PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PP (polypropylene), fiberglass.

Storm sewerage is laid with a slope of at least 1 cm per 1 linear meter of pipe. Under this condition, water flows through the pipes freely, and the sewage system cleans itself.

A linear storm drain is a network of channels that are laid underground or in shallow trenches. Trays designed to collect and move water are laid open method. At the same time, they are equipped not only with grates for rainwater drainage, but also with sand traps. The gratings are installed along the entire line.

For the purpose of drainage, more elements are involved in a linear sewer system than in a point scheme. Therefore, water is collected both from roof drains and from platforms and paths, which can be paved with sidewalk bricks or covered with concrete.

A linear storm drainage scheme allows you to cover a large area. Drainage can be carried out both from sidewalks and landscaped areas. If the specifics of the pitched structure do not provide for the presence of drains, then the drains are discharged from certain sides of the house.

The type of storm drain chosen will depend on the extent of coverage of the area. But these selection criteria are not fundamental. You can install a storm drain with your own hands at your dacha if you have some experience related to the organization and operation of complexes of this type. In this case, it is important to determine not only the type of channel laying, but also their depth.

Instructions for installation of closed storm drainage system

This device requires not so much professional installation as careful preparation. Should do whole line measurements and research: study the terrain of the site, calculate the level of precipitation and loads, collect necessary tools and equipment and, finally, design a scheme for the future sewerage system.

If all calculations are made correctly and the work is carried out competently, then your storm drain:

protects the foundation and blind areas of the house;
will significantly reduce the possibility of flooding of basements and cellars of the house;
protects the building from dampness;
will prevent the possibility of waterlogging of the area.

Preparation

Materials used during the work must be waterproof and anti-corrosion.

Corrugated pipes are not suitable for such storm drains, so there is no point in using them due to rapid clogging. You should not use complex diagrams when determining the location of pipes. When laying pipes, you should not make additional routings or turns.

Connections of structural elements must be airtight. Having prepared the installation diagram, it is necessary to calculate the footage of pipes and other required elements. Protection and high-quality cleaning of storm drains involves the installation of two additional wells. Pipe cleaning is done with a metal cable.

Roof drain

For work you will need: gutters, drainpipes, funnels, fastening material, plugs.

Installation of a house drain occurs in stages:

funnels are installed;
gutters are laid;
pipes are fixed (if a point scheme is selected);
trays are fixed (if the diagram is linear);
a closed discharge of water into a catch basin, or an open discharge into a storm drainage system, is arranged.

During installation, the slope of the structure should be taken into account. It must be at least 2%.

The technology for installing gutters on the roof of a house is as follows:

Prepare special holes for installing rainwater inlets.
Install the elements and then seal all joints.
Install pipes to allow water to flow through them.
Strengthen all devices and elements with clamps to the roof and walls of the building.

Ground part

First, we mark the territory of the site. Along the laid route, dig around the trench for trays and pipes, taking into account soil freezing.

To ensure the slope is correct, experts advise using a tracing cable.

ground storm water inlets are fixed;
sand is poured around the bottom of the ditches and compacted;
trays and pipes are laid;
all components of drainage and storm sewerage (storm inlets, sand traps, wells) are combined into one system;
trays are secured;
gratings are installed.

Once assembled in this manner, drainage and storm drainage require inspection. The roof is watered with water from a low-pressure hose. If it does not stagnate and flows freely through drains and sewers, it will serve you for a long time and will protect both your home and the land around them from melt and rainwater.

Pipes in a trench can be insulated using geotextiles and crushed stone.

Storm drainage is one of the components of the drainage system country house. Therefore, it is impossible to install a storm drain directly into the drainage of a plot. Pipes for drainage and storm water on the site are laid in such a way that the latter are located above the former.

In order to install a closed storm sewer, the following actions are followed:

Having approved the installation plan, they mark the territory using the designations of the preliminary places for installing the sewerage system;
dig holes, compacting their bottom and covering it with 15–20 cm of sand;
insulate trenches with geotextiles, if necessary;
prepare a pit for the collector by digging a hole and filling it with concrete using metal rings or a plastic container.

To create a pit, you can use a factory well placed in a prepared pit. To facilitate the work, plastic pipes and fittings are used. Pipes are laid in trenches dug in advance. They are then connected to the trays and manifold.

An inspection well should be located every 5 m of sewerage. In places where there is no water intake, a gutter is installed, covered with a grate. The sand cleaner should be located between the chute and the tray. This ensures that purified water flows into the system.

Checking work

When the entire divnevka has already been assembled, you can start testing it. This will reveal the functionality of the design. 10 liters of water are poured into all water intake wells that are installed. Next, you need to determine at what speed water leaves the system and in what quantity.

At a fast enough speed, the volume of water flowing out will be equal to the volume of water flowing in. This means that the system was assembled with high quality and all work was done correctly. In the future it will function correctly.

Along the perimeter of the house, storm drainage is installed in the same way as on the territory.

Sewer maintenance involves the use of appropriate cleaning methods:

Mechanical.
Vodyanoy.
Thermal.
Chemical

The mechanical method involves removing dirt, plugs or sand. Water based on the use of a jet of water that breaks through plugs. Thermal is associated with the use of water at a high temperature.

Chemical involves cleaning using reagents. External part, located on the roof, is associated with the use of a mechanical method. For this purpose, gutters and water intakes for garbage collection are inspected. Storm water inlets are cleaned using the water method, when a stream of water is directed onto the grates under maximum pressure.

For the purpose of cleaning storm drains open type perform the following actions:

remove the grids covering the trays;
clear channels from blockages;
wash the channels with water;
install gratings.

To clean a closed sewer, it is necessary to use a water jet under a maximum pressure that exceeds 350 Bar, to improve the quality of water purification by supplying it in two directions: to the collector and back. If the pipes have a diameter of no more than 200 mm, then cleaning can be done with your own hands. Otherwise, you will need special equipment and professional help. If you had to use their services, you should find out the likelihood of using heavy equipment, prepare enough space for the equipment to enter, and provide access to sewerage equipment.

The cost of installing a closed sewer system is determined by the depth of the pipes, the area of the site, and the number of storm water inlets. The cost of installing the system is about $28 per 1 m2, taking into account the number of rainwater inlets not exceeding 15 pieces. If the depth is shallow - up to 1 m. If the sewer depth is 1 - 1.6 m with 15 water inlets, the cost of installation will be $71 per 1 m. About $61 will be the cost of installing additional rainwater inlets.