Production of oil pumps. Review of pumping equipment for the oil industry. Pricing on the domestic pump market

Pumps designed for pumping oil and petroleum products are used in technological processes oil production: during drilling operations, pumping formation water from wells and pumping formation fluid into a well. These pumps are divided into three groups. Certain types of pumps are used at the stage of pumping oil through field and main oil pipelines.

Mud pumps are, as a rule, piston and plunger pumps used for injection of liquid media (clay, cement, salt solutions). These pumps are used for flushing and squeezing operations and cementing oil and gas wells during their drilling and overhaul, as well as for injecting fluid into the formation to intensify oil production.

Among piston and plunger pumps, mud pumps are the most powerful, which determines the way the flow is controlled through the gearbox used in the design of these pumps. Feed control is carried out in steps. The design of individual pumps provides for the possibility of changing the flow through the use of replaceable hydraulic unit parts (liners and pistons of different diameters). Mud pumps, being positive displacement pumps, have the property of self-priming, but the descriptive table traditionally indicates the accepted characteristic of the suction capacity of this group of pumps - the permissible vacuum suction height.

Pumps for pumping formation fluid from a well, as indicated above, are divided into downhole centrifugal, downhole screw and rod pumps. Centrifugal and screw downhole submersible pumping units are part of installations that, in addition to units, contain cable lines and ground-based electrical equipment. Unit and cable line are lowered into the well using tubing pipes. The ground equipment includes a transformer substation and starting and control equipment. Downhole rod pumps are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the American Petroleum Institute standard (specification II AX).

Pumps for pumping formation fluid into a well are represented by a group of surface and borehole pumps. The surface pumps under consideration are horizontal centrifugal sectional multistage pumps of the CNS type. This group of pumps also includes mud pumps. Downhole submersible pumping units of the EDS type for pumping liquid into the formation are structurally analogous to pumping units for pumping liquid from wells. For liquid injection, downhole pumping units of the semi-submersible ESP type are also used, in which the electric motor is installed on the surface at the wellhead.

Pumping equipment manufacturing companies

OJSC Livensky Production Association of Hydraulic Machines (livgidromash)
The largest supplier of pumping equipment for the oil production, petrochemical, shipbuilding industries, energy, municipal enterprises, agriculture and other leading sectors of the Russian national economy. The company has been operating since 1947 and produces more than 300 standard sizes of pumps.

Since 2005, OJSC Livgidromash has been part of the Investment and Industrial Group (IPG) “Hydraulic Machines and Systems,” which unites leading manufacturers of pumps and pumping equipment. The products of IPG enterprises are sold through the Group’s unified trading division, CJSC Gidromashservice, as well as the company’s wide dealer network. The company has an extensive service network - more than 20 service centers in Russia and the CIS countries.

Currently, in the pumping equipment market, Livgidromash OJSC is one of the largest machine-building enterprises producing pumps and components. In Russia and the CIS, the main consumers of the products are municipal enterprises, oil and gas production companies, metallurgical plants, nuclear and thermal stations. For oil industry OJSC Livgidromash produces centrifugal oil pumps (ND, CN), submersible pumps(ECNM, EVN), as well as a wide range of various types of pumps for petroleum products;

JSC "Ena"

Created on the basis of the Shchelkovo Pump Plant, it is one of the leading Russian manufacturers pumping equipment. The products are widely known on the Russian market and abroad. JSC ENA is a full member of the Russian Association of Pump Manufacturers (RAPN).

The company produces more than 250 items, over 780 standard sizes of centrifugal pumps for industrial use made of cast iron, steel, including stainless, non-ferrous metals and plastic. Pumps for the petrochemical industry: horizontal cantilever electric pumps – AX, X; monoblock chemical pumps – XM, XME; semi-submersible electric pump units - KhP, THI, KhIO, HVS, AHP, AKhPO, NV; devices for the oil and gas industry - ANG; sealed pumps with magnetic drive – ХГ, ХГЭ; centrifugal pumps for ammonia – ANM, ANME;

CJSC NPO "Gidromash" / CJSC "Kataysky Pump Plant"

The only successor to the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Mechanical Engineering, founded in 1931, is VIGM (later VNIIgidromash), which developed 80% of all pumps in Russia and the CIS countries. OJSC NPO Gidromash continues to develop and manufacture pumps for various sectors of the national economy: from nuclear energy and space technology to utility systems. The company has its own production base (CJSC Kataysky Pump Plant) with unique equipment that allows the production of complex pumping equipment, two design bureaus - special and energy pumps, a research laboratory, test benches for the entire range of pumping equipment produced.

JSC "Kataysky Pump Plant" is a leading manufacturer of centrifugal horizontal pumps for the chemical and petrochemical industries, metallurgy, fuel and energy complex, pulp and paper industry, housing and communal services, agriculture, land reclamation and other sectors of the national economy intended for pumping clean water, condensate, light petroleum products, superheated water, liquefied gases, wastewater, sea and fresh water, chemically active and neutral liquids, for supplying water in domestic conditions, as well as spare parts for them. The plant maintains stable relations with 40 countries. Has a wide dealer network.

Export supplies of pumping equipment account for 20% (including CIS countries) of total supplies. The plant has been accepted as a member of the Russian Association of Pump Manufacturers, which represents the interests of all its members in the European Association of Pump Manufacturers “EUROPUMPS”;

OJSC Livensky Submersible Pump Plant Livnynasos

Specializes in the production of electric pumping units of the “ECV” type with a submersible electric motor, designed for supplying water from artesian wells for urban, industrial, agricultural water supply, irrigation and level lowering groundwater. Since 1996, Livnynasos OJSC has been a member of the Russian Association of Pump Manufacturers (RAPN) and provides about 50% of the pump demand in Russia. In addition to Russia, pumps are sold to all neighboring countries.

In mid-2005, the plant mastered and certified 126 standard sizes of pumps by the Russian State Standard. As of August 1, 2005, the plant manufactured more than 360 thousand units of various pumping equipment. In 2006, OJSC Livnynasos, during the consolidation of the main manufacturing companies of pumping equipment within the Hydraulic Machines and Systems group;

CJSC NPO "Uralhydroprom"

It is one of the leading manufacturers of pumps in Russia and the CIS. Areas of application of pumping equipment: chemical, public utilities, oil, mining, construction, metallurgical. The company's dealer network covers most regions of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine;

OJSC "Volgogradneftemash"

It is one of the leading manufacturers of equipment for the gas, oil and petrochemical industries. In 1991, the enterprise became part of OAO Gazprom. Currently, OJSC Volgogradneftemash unites the Volgograd Petroleum Engineering Plant named after. Petrova (Volgograd) and Kotelnikovsky reinforcement plant (Kotelnikovo, Volgograd region).

All gas production and gas transportation enterprises of Gazprom, oil refineries of large oil companies, gas pipelines, gas condensate and oil fields from the Far North to Central Asia are equipped with technological equipment manufactured by the Company. Centrifugal oil pumps and pumping units based on them are designed for pumping oil, liquefied hydrocarbon gases and petroleum products. Types of pumps produced: TKA (cantilever), NKV and NK (cantilever), NT (double-bearing), TKAm (sealed, up to + 1000 C), S5/140T;

FSUE "Turbonasos"

A research and production enterprise, which includes design, production and experimental complexes, interconnected by a common production and technological cycle. Currently, the Federal Space Agency has assigned FSUE "TURBONASOS" the development, manufacturing, testing and servicing of pumps, turbines and energy systems for basic industries. Consumers of the products are enterprises of oil and gas production, petrochemical, oil refining, chemical, metallurgical, mining and other sectors of the national economy of the Russian Federation;

OJSC "Plant of Blade Hydraulic Machines"

(JSC LGM, until 1991 - Moscow Pump Plant named after M.I. Kalinin, Mosnasosmash - one of the oldest enterprises in Russia for the production of pumping equipment with extensive experience in the production of high-quality pumps used in various industries: shipbuilding, chemical , petrochemical and oil refining, energy, metallurgy, including for pumping liquefied gases (cryogenic pumps), in public water supply systems and other industries;

OJSC "Uralgidromash"

Manufacturer of hydraulic machines, power, chemical and oilfield equipment, specializing in the design and manufacture of axial, diagonal, centrifugal, submersible pumps and pumps special purpose for the chemical, mining, metallurgical, oil, shipbuilding industries, main canals and pipelines, thermal and nuclear power plants, technical and domestic water supply systems, land reclamation, irrigation, sewerage and other industries, as well as the design and manufacture of low and medium power hydraulic turbines;

ROSHYDROMASH

Manufacturer and supplier of pumping equipment, electric motors and generators for various purposes. The range of supplied products includes pumps for pumping water and other liquids, including aggressive ones, oil and petroleum products, steam and condensate, as well as electric motors for general industrial and special purposes.

Rosgidromash is also a dealer of VIPOM AD, Vladimir Electric Motor Plant, CJSC Trading House - KEM, Yasnogorsk Machine-Building Plant, Bavlensky Plant of OJSC Elektrodvigatel, Baranchinsky Electromechanical Plant;

JSC "Talnakh"

Association manufacturing enterprises TALNAKH has been successfully operating in the markets of Russia and the Commonwealth countries since 1994. In 2006, the Fluidbusiness Group was organized on the basis of the association of industrial enterprises Talnakh. The group included highly qualified specialists in the field of hydraulics and technological equipment for industrial processes. The main area of ​​activity of the group is the selection, supply and maintenance of imported equipment from ITT Corporation. The corporation's range of pumping products is very wide and is represented by the following main brands: ITT Flygt AB (Sweden), ITT AC (USA), ITT Vogel (Austria), ITT Goulds (USA), ITT Well Point (Italy), etc.

"Talnakh" unites 11 enterprises specializing in the development, design and production of pumping equipment, spare parts for pumps, chemical water treatment systems, hydrodynamic treatment, etc. Among them: CJSC DNS (Dosing pumps and systems), CJSC NPO "Hydraulic technologies", CJSC NPO "Centrifugal Pumps" and other enterprises.

Manufacturers of oilfield equipment

Production company "Borets"

Manufactures a full line of submersible oil production equipment and provides services for its repair, control and maintenance. The Borets plant became the first enterprise in Russia to establish serial production of submersible pumps for oil production. Currently, the Borets plant produces a wide range of oilfield and compressor equipment: complete installations of submersible electric centrifugal pumps (ESP), pumps of the types ESPND, ETSNMIK, ETSNM, ESP, ETSNDP, IIETSN, LETSP, LETsNM sectional pumps, reservoir pressure maintenance units (RPD) ), screw and piston compressor units, compressor stations, gas injection units (UNG and UNGA series).

PC "Borets" owns 19 companies in Russia. The main subsidiaries of PC "Borets" are Lebedyansky Machine-Building Plant (production of submersible centrifugal pumps for oil production, gas separators and jet pumps), Kurgan Cable Plant (production of heat-resistant power cable for submersible electric pumps), service company "Borets", Lysva Petroleum Engineering Plant.

The company also includes Lemaz LLC, which is one of the leading Russian manufacturers of submersible centrifugal pumps for oil production. It also develops and manufactures centrifugal pumps for pumping petroleum products, piston and plunger pumps of various types and purposes, including for nuclear energy and special shipbuilding.

According to the holding, the share of PC Borets in the market of oil production equipment and services (together with its subsidiaries) will be about 21.5%. The Moscow plant "Borets" occupies up to 50% of the Russian market for certain types of equipment for oil production.

One of the leading American companies for the production and maintenance of oilfield equipment, Weatherford International acquired a stake (less than a third) in the Russian Borets group;

OJSC "Izhneftemash"

One of the largest specialized Russian enterprises producing oilfield equipment. OJSC Izhneftemash produces more than 40 types of equipment. Low and medium power drilling pumps, automatic stationary drill tongs, cementing and mixing installations for cementing wells, pumping machines and deep rod pumps for mechanized oil production, hydraulic pipe tongs for screwing and unscrewing pipes during well repairs and much more.

The plant has powerful technological potential. The range of manufactured products includes:

  • oil production equipment,
  • well cementing equipment,
  • stationary drill keys,
  • drilling pumps and pumping units,
  • well repair equipment,
  • technological oilfield equipment;

JSC "Electon"

For 16 years it has been offering its solutions and products in the field of oil production in the CIS. Specializes in the production of control stations and associated instruments and equipment for submersible electric motors (SEM) of the "ELECTON" series, intended for operation as part of installations of electric centrifugal pumps for oil production, sucker rod pumping units, formation water injection, water intakes, etc. The share of consumption of PED ELEKTON control stations out of the total number purchased by oil companies in 2008 amounted to more than 60%. ELEKTON JSC has more than 30 patents for manufactured equipment, including contactors, submersible telemetry and motor control stations. The production of submersible oilfield equipment developed at ELEKTON JSC has been mastered: a plug-in screw pump for the production of high-viscosity oil, starting couplings for starting submersible centrifugal and screw electric pumps and other equipment;

OJSC "Neftemash"

Specializes in the production of oilfield equipment in block-packaged design. The product range includes more than 90 types of equipment:

  • equipment for measuring the flow rate of oil wells,
  • equipment for the pressure maintenance system,
  • pumping stations. Reagent dosing units,
  • water purification equipment,
  • fire-fighting equipment,
  • equipment for the preparation of oil, gas and water,
  • administrative buildings and electrical equipment,
  • questionnaires for ordering equipment;

OJSC "Alnas"

It is part of the Rimera company, the oil service division of the ChelPipe Group, which provides services for exploration and field development, as well as the design and construction of pipelines. Rimera unites the service assets of the ChTPZ Group - leading enterprises producing components for pipeline construction, a network of service centers located in the largest oil-producing regions of Russia. The company also has representative offices in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

The assets of the ChelPipe Group are managed by ARKLEY CAPITAL. In August 2008 Rimera, representing the oil service division of the ChelPipe Group, acquired 24.765% of the voting shares of the leading enterprise in the domestic oil engineering industry - OJSC Izhneftemash;

Ritek-itz LLC and NETZSCH company

A joint Russian-German enterprise, LLC RN - Integrated Pumping Equipment, has been created, which develops, produces and supplies new installation for the production of high-viscosity oil. This installation includes NETZSCH submersible screw pumps and special drives for them developed by RITEK-ITC LLC (for example, a gearless, low-speed, high-torque adjustable electric drive of a submersible screw pump for UEVN).

OJSC RITEK is part of the structure of production enterprises of the vertically integrated oil company OJSC LUKOIL and belongs to the group of medium-sized Russian oil producing companies, occupying a leading position in terms of key indicators in its group;

CJSC Novomet-Perm

The first products were centrifugal pump stages for oil production. In 1997, a new type of stage was developed - centrifugal-vortex, and in 1998 production of serial centrifugal-vortex pumps began, aimed at oil production in difficult conditions, which made it possible to create a production facility for the production of 1 million stages and 2000 pumps per year.

Today, NOVOMET produces complete submersible units for oil production, RPM units and stands for testing this equipment; provides services for the selection and manufacture of equipment for specific wells; provides equipment on a daily rental basis; executes current and major renovation submersible equipment; provides research and expert services in the field of materials science, tribology and fluid dynamics.

Today, the Russian Association of Pump Manufacturers (RAPN) makes a significant contribution to the overall coordination of the sub-industry. Having been a member of the similar European association EUROPUMP since 1992, RAPN interacts with it on issues of integration in accordance with market conditions.

Manufacturers of oilfield pumping equipment from CIS countries

OJSC "Bobruisk Machine-Building Plant"

The largest manufacturer of centrifugal pumps in the CIS. The pumping equipment produced by the plant is divided into five main groups according to its purpose - pumps for oil, petroleum products and liquefied hydrocarbon gases (oil pumps of the NK, NPS, NSD types), for highly abrasive hydraulic mixtures (soil, sand), for clean water (water), waste liquids (waste, fecal) and paper pulp (mass).
It is a member of the Russian Association of Pump Manufacturers (RAPN), which is part of the European Association of Pump Manufacturers (EUROPUMP). Geography of sales markets: CIS, Europe, Central and Southeast Asia, Middle East and Africa.

OJSC Sumy NPO named after. Frunze"

Founded in 1896. Currently, it is one of the leading engineering complexes in Europe for the production of equipment for the oil, gas and chemical industries and supplies its products to more than 40 countries around the world.
Export is the basis of the enterprise's production program; The range of manufactured equipment, volume and geography of supplies are constantly expanding. Among the company’s partners, the leading positions are traditionally occupied by the CIS countries - Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ukraine, and among non-CIS countries - Iran, Turkey, Bulgaria, China, India, USA, Italy, Argentina and many others .

For the oil industry, the company supplies to Russia AK-60 well repair and development units, clay separators and modernized CNS type pumps to maintain pressure during oil production. In total, the company manufactured over 10,000 CNS type pumps.

OJSC Sumy Plant Nasosenergomash

The largest enterprise in Ukraine and the CIS, specializing in the production of pumping equipment. Manufactures centrifugal pumps for various industrial sectors, including oil production; free-vortex and vacuum pumps for use in agriculture and industry. The company is part of the Investment and Industrial Group "Hydraulic Machines and Systems" - a machine-building holding company that has the most powerful research and production complex in the CIS in the field of development and production of pumping equipment, power units and complex hydraulic systems for various industries, energy, pipelines transport, water management and housing and communal services.

JSC "Kharkovmash"

Specializes in the development of new technologies for integrated supply of enterprises in the oil and gas production and oil refining industries, hydro and heat power, and utilities. He is the founder of the Scientific and Production Enterprise “Oil and Gas Equipment”, on whose production base serial production was mastered oil pumps type NK and NKV. The range of oil pumps completely covers the lineup pumps produced in the CIS countries. The company has mastered the production of other types of pumps, as well as the production of various boiler and auxiliary equipment.
In 2002, the enterprise became part of the South Russian Industrial Corporation OJSC, which made it possible to significantly expand the circle of equipment consumers at the expense of enterprises in Russia, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, and Uzbekistan. For the oil industry, the company produces the following types of oil pumps: NK, NKV, NPS, pumping units such as TsN, PE, oil pumps N and ND.

LLC "South Plant of Hydraulic Machines"

Specializes in the manufacture of pumping equipment for all sectors of the national economy. Pumps from the Yuzhgidromash plant successfully operate in 49 countries of the near and far abroad - in Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America. Consumers: enterprises of thermal and nuclear energy, metallurgical, food, chemical and oil refining industries, in land reclamation, water supply and irrigation, in drainage systems of coal mines and subways, in small boiler houses, in public utilities, on personal plots.

JSC "Moldovahidromash"

Is one of the largest pump manufacturers in the country of Eastern Europe. Within the CIS, the company continues to be one of the main manufacturers and designers of chemical, fecal, marine, circulation, special and other electric pumps. The pumps produced are used in the chemical industry, oil refineries, the metallurgical industry and other industries. The main products of the company are centrifugal sealed explosion-proof electric pumps.

JSC "Hydropump"

Production of electric pumps of the type ETsV, ETsV KhTrG, ETsV KhTr, TsMPV and OMPV, TsMF, Torent, Farmek, Gradinarul, Asvatik.

OJSC "Bugulma Electric Pump Plant"

Production and repair of electric centrifugal pumps (ESP).

Volume of the Russian market of pumping equipment for the oil and gas industry

The production of pumping equipment is a sub-branch of mechanical engineering, but mainly performs a related function for other industries. The pump is one of the main structural elements of the infrastructure of such industries as oil production, oil refining, oil transportation, energy, water management, housing and communal services and chemical engineering. Fulfilling the role of accompanying production determines the dependence of the dynamics of pump production on the state of the above-mentioned industries.

Currently, more than 200 enterprises produce pumps in the post-Soviet space, including 147 enterprises directly in Russia. For comparison: in 1990, 78 enterprises produced pumps in the USSR, 52 of them in the Russian Federation.

According to the reports of the Livgidromash and Livnynasos companies, over the past five years, no significant changes have occurred in the main components of the market for the production and sale of pumping equipment (all types of pumps). During the period 2001–2004. The volume of pump production in Russia remained constant at the level of 5.5 million pumps per year (all types of pumps). The ratio of imported and domestic products sold in the country remained unchanged during the period under review - about 60% versus 40% in favor of domestic producers. In 2005, there was a tendency towards revival of the pumping equipment market. So, overall growth production in 2005–2007 amounted to 10–17% of the 2004 level, depending on the sector. In 2007, the growth in pump production was 15.4% of the 2006 level.

Sales volumes of pumping equipment forecast for 2008 show fairly high growth rates - up to 15% per year. Smooth growth is forecast, driven by pent-up demand and the need for equipment to support the implementation of more complex production and infrastructure projects. Deferred demand is determined by significant wear and tear of the pump fleet, reaching up to 90% in some companies.

In the segment of submersible pumps (including pumps in ESP installations), according to market participants, the demand of the oil industry amounted to 22,650 thousand units in 2007. The production volumes of domestic companies in this segment were:

  • Fighter – 8 thousand units, share 36%,
  • Novomet – 3 thousand units, share 11%,
  • Alnas – 2 thousand units, share 8%,
  • Diamond – 1.4 thousand units, share 6%.

In the oil production industry of Russia, the CIS countries and throughout the world, the flow rate of oil wells tends to decrease. With a flow rate of wells 2 -:- 20 m3/day. the use of centrifugal pumps is impractical, therefore deep-well sucker rod pumps with pumping machines are used. Suction rod pumps in Russia are mainly produced by the following plants: OJSC Izhneftemash, CJSC Perm Oil Engineering Company (CJSC PKNM) and OJSC ELKAM-Neftemash, Perm.

Some experts note a downward trend in demand for sucker rod pumps. Since rod pumps have a number of disadvantages, work is underway in Russia and the USA to develop electric-hydraulic diaphragm pumps with high pressure up to 3,000 m and a flow rate of up to 25 m3/day. In Russia, RAM LLC has developed and is testing the specified pump (EGPDN), and in the USA, the Smit Lift company produced and tested in 2005 an experimental batch of double-diaphragm pumps with a head of 720 m and a flow of up to 25 m3/day.

OJSC Livgidromash is testing double-diaphragm pumps driven by a rod with a pumping machine, which leads to a limitation on the pressure characteristic.

Due to the increase in the number (up to 20%) of idle low-yield wells and those located in hard-to-reach areas where oil production with sucker rod pumps becomes unprofitable, the use of electro-hydraulic driven diaphragm pumps is a promising high-tech direction.

In addition, due to the inertness of diaphragms to aggressive formation fluid, diaphragm pumps are used for pumping it in a booster pump with a capacity of 450 m2/day created by OJSC ELKAM-Neftemash. and a pressure of 4 -:- 6 MPa, as well as in a high-pressure installation developed at RAM LLC of 25 MPa and a productivity of 600 -:- 800 m2/day. for a system for maintaining reservoir pressure directly at well pads. Diaphragm pumps have high efficiency(at least 60%) and with a modular design allow remote control of productivity and pressure.

The market volume for production diaphragm pumps, both in Russia and abroad, can be at least 50% of the stock of operating wells and at least 50% of the pumps used in the system for maintaining reservoir pressure of pumping pumps. In addition to these advantages, diaphragm pumps can be used in the production of viscous oil, oil with a high content of technical impurities and from great depths (over 3000 m) in case of financing of developers by the state or oil companies.

Since the main component of diaphragm pumps is an autonomous closed hydraulic drive using positive displacement oil pumps, cooperation between factories producing components for hydraulic drive units and machine-building plants producing diaphragm pumps is necessary. In Russia, FSUE Turbopump, CJSC POTEK and OJSC ELKAM-Neftemash are beginning to master the production of new generation diaphragm pumps.

In the segment of screw pumps, the oil industry demand amounted to 1,500 units. in 2007, the main manufacturing players in this segment are Borets, Livgidromash, Elekton, Ritek.

According to Livgidromash OJSC, in the segment of pumps for oil and petroleum products (NDv, VAT), the shares of Bobruisk Machine-Building Plant OJSC and Volgogradneftemash OJSC each account for 5% of the market.

According to official data from Rosstat, there has been a steady increase in the production of pumps of various types (not only for the oil industry). At the same time, the largest share falls on centrifugal pumps (37–38% of the total volume of pumps produced). A significant share in the total volume of pump production in the Russian Federation is made up of centrifugal artesian and submersible pumps (10–12%). The total number of pumps of all types produced (including water pumps and household pumps) increased from 610.3 thousand in 2004 to 738.8 thousand units in 2006.

The oil production industry, as the most important component of the Russian fuel and energy complex, is the basic foundation of the country's national economy. The growth rate of oil production achieved in Russia over the past last years were among the highest in the world. The growing global demand for oil is an important incentive for domestic companies to actively develop, increase oil production capacity, and commission new fields.

The most important indicators of demand for pumping equipment in the oil industry are: production and exploration drilling, commissioning of new wells, positive dynamics of oil production.

According to participants' estimates, the oil and gas equipment market in 2008–2009 will grow by 20–30% per year, while consumer interest in high-tech equipment will increase.

Trade engineering companies

Among the companies that are not involved in the production of pumping equipment, but provide services for its sale (intermediaries, dealers), we can highlight the companies "Rosenergoplan", "PromSnabKomplekt", "Agrovodkom", "Energomashsystem", "Gidromashser-vis", "NPO Air Conditioner" , CJSC "Ventilation, Water Supply, Heat Supply" ("VVT"), "Electrogidromash", PIK "Energotrast", "Central Pumping Company", "Energoprom" and others.

Another segment is companies that carry out a full cycle of work: design, construction, production/supply, installation, commissioning, and service of oilfield equipment. This segment includes such companies as Baker Hughes, Alnas, Elekton, RITEK OJSC, Gidromashservice, Novomet, Gazenergokomplekt, Industrial Power Machines, Schlumberger.

There are also service companies that do not manufacture or sell equipment, but provide a full range of design and service work.

According to experts, the volume of the service services market in 2007 increased 1.5 times compared to 2006 and amounted to about $400 million. The positive dynamics of growth in the service services segment will continue. According to some experts, the volume of this segment will be about $900 million by 2015. Interestingly, the service market is growing faster than the sales market for the equipment itself, which is associated with the development of technology and increasing requirements for high-quality maintenance of modern equipment.

The development of service services is also facilitated by the trend of wells being withdrawn from service by their own divisions of oil companies and the transfer of services to independent service companies (currently the total well stock is 76,300 units, of which only 28,600 are currently serviced by external service companies, with which companies such as BP are already cooperating , Lukoil, Yukos and others).

Foreign manufacturers of pumping equipment

For a long time, foreign companies have been working intensively on the domestic market. Anticipating a review of the nomenclature of the main foreign companies actively operating in the Russian market, we can note the most common features that characterize the equipment of foreign companies.
1. Wide boundaries of the parametric areas of pump operation, in some cases overlapping the boundaries of the operating parameters of domestic pumps.

2. Wide range of design options for pumps for different conditions operation. Of particular note is the group of multistage vertical pumps, which are practically absent from the range of domestic manufacturers.

3. High quality of materials used in the production of pumps. The range of materials used by foreign companies practically coincides with the range of materials used in domestic pump construction, however, imported materials and castings are of higher quality than domestic ones.

4. Wide selection of pump configurations with various automation elements, measuring instruments and starting protection devices, pipeline fittings and other types of components.

5. The list of companies offering consumers units with built-in frequency regulators of electric motor speed, controlled remotely by an operator or an automation system, is expanding.

Currently, the following companies are most active in the Russian market for pumps used in the oil industry:

  • Reda (Schlumberger) Electric submersible pumps
  • Baker Hughes (Centrilift division) LIFTEQ submersible screw pumps; screw pumps with rod drive; horizontal pumping systems
  • Wood group (England) Multistage centrifugal pumps company
  • Weatherford (USA) Rod screw pumps Electric centrifugal submersible pumps
  • "Vipom" (Bulgaria, JSC "VIPOM") Pumps of the "DV" series With a double-entry wheel Pumps of the "E" series Cantilever, cantilever monoblock pumps Pumps of the "E-ISO" series Cantilever, cantilever monoblock pumps Pumps of the "KEM" series Cantilever monoblock pumps of the "series" MTP" Multistage Pumps series "12ESG" Self-priming
  • "NETZSCH" (Germany, LLC "Netsch Pamps Rus") Single screw pumps NETZSCH - Dosing of reagents Horizontal pumps NETZSCH - Pressure control systems Horizontal pumps NETZSCH - Emptying of tank trucks Multiphase pumps - In-field pumping Submersible screw pumping units
  • "Bornemann" (Germany) High pressure rotary pumps "LEISTRITZ" (Germany). Screw Pumps Multiphase Pumps

Centrilift pumps account for about 4% of total pump sales for the oil industry (with services, Baker Hughes's share is 9%), and Wood group has a market share of about 2% (with services, 4%).

According to experts participating in the oilfield equipment market, in 2007 the volume of the market for pumps for the oil industry (not including services) amounted to about $800 million, and in 2006 this figure was equal to $750 million. Forecast value of the market volume in 2015 - $1.1 billion

Pricing on the domestic pump market

Prices for pumps for the oil industry are determined not only by general factors (cost, delivery time and competitors’ prices), but also by many additional market factors, incl. world oil prices. The average price of an oil production pump in 2007 was $36,700 per unit (domestic production). Imported products are 1.5–2 times more expensive.

Deviation of pump technical characteristics from nominal values ​​and low quality indicators not only significantly reduce the price of the pump, but sometimes force industrial and commercial firms to refuse to purchase the equipment offered. The latter is due to the desire of firms to maintain their reputation in the market, as well as to reduce pre-sale preparation costs.

The price of a product on the domestic pump market is determined by the following main factors:

  • manufacturer's monopoly;
  • product quality;
  • place of aggregation and pre-sale preparation.

In addition, the prices of pumping equipment are influenced by a number of other factors that can be very significant: ensuring warranty obligations, purchasing equipment after long-term storage ( distinctive feature domestic pumping equipment market is the availability large quantity pumps that remain in storage for a long time; To sell such equipment with a guarantee of reliability, it is necessary to carry out thorough pre-sale preparation, which usually consists of disassembling units, replacing bearing assemblies and seal assemblies, replacing parts included in spare parts and accessories, replacing electric motors, as well as painting and preservation, as a result of the price of these pumps at market below factory prices by 35–50%), the impact of transport costs.

Trends in the Russian market of pumping equipment for the oil industry

Currently Russian market pumps for the oil industry can be characterized by the following trends.

  • The strong development of the oil industry explains the growing demand for complex integrated pumping systems that require individual engineering solutions, and determines the trend of transition from node consumption to complete consumption, in which cooperation involves not only the supply of equipment, but also its installation, maintenance and “bringing into operation.”
  • Intellectualization of the process of managing and servicing pumping systems, the creation of “smart wells” that successfully operate in the Middle East, exist at the level of pilot projects in the Russian Federation; in the future – the creation of “intellectual fields”.
  • The material and technical base is lagging behind in comparison with foreign firms - leaders in pumping production, which is reflected in the fact that imports are growing faster than domestic production, and foreign competitors are becoming more active.
  • Lower cost of domestically produced products compared to foreign analogues.
  • High moral and physical wear and tear of pumping equipment;
  • Tightening of consumer requirements for the technical characteristics of pumps, increasing equipment service life and mean time between failures.
  • Considering the decrease in the flow rate of oil producing wells in Russia, the share of which in the total volume is up to 50%, interest in new high-tech pumps for low-yield wells is growing.
  • Consolidation of pumping equipment manufacturers in order to successfully develop the domestic equipment market - large players occupying a significant market share are able to invest in updating fixed assets and expanding production.

From the analysis of changes in the structure of pumping equipment production, we can draw a general conclusion about a noticeable increase in the share of complex and expensive pumps. The imported submersible equipment purchased by domestic oil companies served and serves as a catalyst for the rapid development of Russian engineering companies in the oil and gas sector, their technical growth - Oleg Mikhailovich Perelman, General Director of Novomet-Perm CJSC. There are positive trends in cooperation between oil workers and producers.

Oil companies, having appreciated the efforts to improve the quality and reliability of submersible equipment, invite domestic machine builders to participate on an equal basis with foreign companies in tenders for the supply of complex and high-performance pumping equipment.

Pumps designed for pumping oil and petroleum products are used in oil production processes: during drilling operations, pumping formation water from wells and pumping formation fluid into a well. These pumps are divided into three groups. Certain types of pumps are used at the stage of pumping oil through field and main oil pipelines." />

The peculiarity of the production of pumps for oil industry enterprises is the variety of production products. Each of them has their own physical characteristics. In this regard, pumping equipment used for pumping and transporting petroleum products must be adapted to the solution specific task. The design also takes into account the physical and chemical properties of the fluids.

Oil pumps can be used for pumping oil, oil and gas emulsions, petroleum products, liquefied gases, sludge, non-aggressive liquid media and other substances with similar characteristics. If specialized pumps are used to solve a specific task, it can be guaranteed that the declared service life will correspond to the actual one, and the technological conditions will be at the optimal level.

Basic requirements for oil pumps

The specific operating conditions that characterize oil industry enterprises have stimulated the development of manufacturers of special pumping equipment for this sector. Today there are generally accepted requirements for devices and systems of this type, which simplifies the selection process for the end user. Based on the operating conditions specified by the manufacturer and the list of work performed, you can quickly select the model that is optimal in terms of power, performance and safety.

The peculiarity of pumps for pumping oil is that there is always a risk of ignition of the working fluid. That is why manufacturers pay special attention to the fire safety of their devices, as well as chemical resistance to various aggressive chemical environments. To ensure this, strictly prescribed materials are used to manufacture each part. Another particularly pressing requirement is the absence of harmful effects on the environment and environmental safety.

Unlike similar units, oil installations can operate stably under specific conditions. For example, during oil refining, the working components of pumping equipment can be exposed to various pressures, temperatures, and the hydrocarbons themselves. At the same time, the pumped substance has a high viscosity (for oil the figure reaches 2000 cSt), which increases the level of loads that the device regularly experiences.

Oil pumping units are used on all continents and operate in different weather conditions. To ensure their stable operation in the North Sea, the UAE and the deserts of the USA, manufacturers offer various climatic versions of their devices.

Power is an important parameter of the pump, because during pumping and transportation it is necessary to lift the liquid medium from a significant depth, typical of wells. By the way, their operational characteristics are largely determined by the type of energy that is necessary for the operation of the oil equipment complex. This indicates the need to take into account the conditions of use when choosing the type of drive for pumping units.

Oil pumps can be equipped with the following types of drives:

  • hydraulic;
  • mechanical;
  • pneumatic;
  • thermal;
  • electric.

If there is a source of electricity at the place where the equipment is used, the latter option turns out to be the most profitable and convenient solution, as it has a wide range of characteristics. When power from electricity is not possible, the pumps are equipped with gas turbine engines, as well as engines internal combustion. A pneumatic drive will be the optimal solution if it is possible to use natural or associated gas to generate energy, which increases the profitability of using a pumping unit.

Types and design features of oil pumps

Here are the main design features of pumping units intended for the oil industry:

  • mechanical seal;
  • explosion-proof design of the electric motor;
  • hydraulic units of pumping equipment;
  • materials that allow installation and operation of equipment outdoors, in open areas.

The drive and pump are installed on a single foundation. Between the shaft and the equipment housing there is a mechanical seal with fluid and flushing systems. For the manufacture of the flow part, nickel-containing, chromium or carbon steel is used.

There are two main types of oil pumping equipment: screw and centrifugal.

Screw pumps are designed for use in more difficult operating conditions than centrifugal pumps. Since there is no contact between the screws inside such a device when pumping liquid, they can work with substances with high densities, as well as with those environments that contain various impurities: brine, sludge, pulp, crude oil, etc.

There are single and double screw pumps for oil companies. Both types are characterized by excellent self-priming ability, high pressure (more than 10 atmospheres) and pressure level (more than 100 meters).

Twin screw oil pumps are capable of pumping liquids with increased viscosity even with temperature changes environment. This, for example, could be oil sludge, tar, bitumen or fuel oil. Such installations can cope with substances with a temperature of 450 degrees at temperatures down to -60 degrees Celsius. If we talk about multiphase twin-screw pumps, they are capable of pumping liquids with a gas content of up to 90%.

Screw pumps can also be useful for unloading applications such as rail tankers, road tankers and acid containers. Using general industrial equipment, these operations are simply impossible to perform.

Centrifugal and cantilever pumping units can be equipped with a rigid or elastic coupling, or supplied without this element. The latter type of equipment is mounted along a central axis or vertically or horizontally on feet. The temperature of the pumped liquid medium here cannot be more than 400 degrees Celsius.

The single-stage cantilever pump is equipped with unidirectional impellers. Such equipment is used to move oil and other liquids that are characterized by high temperatures (up to 200 degrees).

Double-support pumping units are:

  • one-, two- and multi-stage;
  • single- and double-hull;
  • with one-way and two-way suction.

The temperature of the pumped medium here should not exceed 200 degrees.

There are also suspended (semi-submersible) vertical pumps, which are available in single-casing or double-casing form. The drainage can be separate or through a column. The list of additional equipment for this equipment may also include a spiral outlet or a guide vane.

Based on the maximum temperature of the pumped liquid medium, all existing types of oil pumping units can be divided into several groups:

  • 80 degrees - semi-submersible, horizontal single-stage steel, horizontal main multi-stage sectional cast iron, equipped with one-way impellers;
  • 200 degrees - cantilever cast iron, horizontal multistage cast iron;
  • 400 degrees - cantilever steel with single- or double-acting impellers.

Taking into account the temperature level of the pumped liquid medium, the pump is equipped with a single or double mechanical seal. The first option is suitable for working with substances with temperatures up to 200 degrees, the second - up to 400 degrees Celsius.

By area of ​​application, units can be divided into devices used in oil production and transportation, as well as during preparation and processing into petroleum products. The first group includes pumping units responsible for supplying the liquid medium to central collection points and group automated metering installations, into commercial oil tanks, at the head stations of the oil pipeline, booster station units, as well as equipment for moving substances through sections of the oil refinery. The second group includes installations designed to transfer oil to centrifuges, separators, heat exchangers, columns and furnaces.

Sealed oil tank design centrifugal pump

1. Body.

2. Closed impeller.

3. Bearing.

4. Sealing cup.

5. Internal magnet.

6. External magnet.

7. Protective cover.

8. Secondary casing.

10. Oil seal.

11. Temperature sensor.


1. Body.

2. Replaceable ring.

4. Impeller.

5. Sealing block.

6. Oil chamber seal.

7. Working shaft.

8. Working shaft bearings.

9. Fins.

10. Bearing housing.

Scope of application of pumping units

The described pumping units are used primarily in oil refineries and petrochemical plants. However, they are also in demand by any other enterprises that regularly have tasks of pumping liquefied gas, oil, petroleum products and others similar in weight, viscosity, level of corrosive effects on the materials used to manufacture pump parts, and others physical qualities substances.

Depending on the climatic design, the equipment can be used both outside and inside various categories of premises, if working conditions allow the presence of a mixture of dust with air, explosive vapors or gases.

This allows thermal power plants, oil production and refining enterprises, boiler houses and gas filling stations, as well as other organizations to use pumping units for pumping:

  • various petroleum products;
  • various chemical environments;
  • crude oil;
  • commercial oil;
  • liquefied gases;
  • gas condensate;
  • acids and salt solutions;
  • chemical reagents;
  • hot water;
  • feed water for steam heating systems.

Oil pumps are also used to pump water into the reservoir (necessary for traffic control systems), as well as chemical reagents (used to increase oil recovery). They are also used in booster and injection systems.

Our company sells pumping equipment, including special pumps for oil and oils. Such pumping units are widely used in chemical plants, industrial enterprises and petrochemical production. Depending on the purpose of application, you can choose and buy the following pumps for oil and oil from us:

  • two- and three-screw;
  • single-screw submersible;
  • gear hydraulic;
  • gear;
  • rotifers;
  • console;
  • vortex;
  • console-monoblock;
  • intersupport sectional;
  • multi-stage;
  • multi-stage centrifugal two-way;
  • self-priming;
  • sealed.

You can find out the price of the pump for petroleum products and oils you are interested in from the price list, which is posted on the website of the Gidromontazhkomplekt company.

All presented pumping units have an efficiency that practically does not decrease over time and is very stable. Also, pumps of this type can significantly save energy, which is very important in factory and production conditions.

Pumps pumping petroleum products and oils are highly durable and insensitive to temperature changes, which, together with lightweight materials, makes them economical and lightweight. In addition, during the operation of such pumping units there is no additional vibration, due to which they are extremely durable and almost silent in operation, as well as unpretentious in maintenance. It is worth noting that the flow part of the pumps has an anti-corrosion coating, which ensures their long lasting performance without loss of efficiency.

Requirements for pumps for petroleum products

They must have sufficient power to pump oil from deep wells. For the manufacture of equipment it is necessary to use materials that are resistant to corrosion, adverse climatic conditions, low temperatures. Pumps must have high suction capacity, as well as resistance to contamination and abrasive particles.
Pumps must be designed to be sealed to prevent leakage. Modern pumps for petroleum products are equipped various devices, which notify about the condition of the pump, as well as control systems that give signals in case of leaks. Thus, problems are resolved in a timely and efficient manner.

Pumped media: Oil, fuel oil, bitumen, tar and other dark petroleum products. Water, sea water, fluids, oils.

Scope of application of oil pumps

In the chemical and petrochemical industries, as well as in offshore oil production, as main or bunker pumps.
In the energy and turbine industries they are used as the main pumps of lubrication systems for gas turbine bearings.

Pressure pumps, bilge and ballast pumps, trim pumps, circulation pumps, general purpose pumps, transport pumps, fire pumps for all industries.

Types of pumps for pumping oil

Pumps are divided into vertical, horizontal, submersible, as well as special-design pumps. Some pump models have special systems for flushing and cooling.

The range of pumping equipment is varied; pumps differ in design, materials, and functional purpose and areas of application. However, they all meet international and industry standards for quality and safety.

general description

These units are designed to work with oil and oil products: fuel oil, liquefied carbon gases, water with impurities, high-viscosity liquids, etc. Such pumps ensure reliability and safety of work, as well as the efficiency of the pumping process.

What distinguishes oil pumping units from other units is their ability to function under special operating conditions. Thus, during the oil refining process, the components and other elements of the pump are exposed to substances such as hydrocarbons, as well as a wide range of operating pressures and temperatures. One of the specific operating factors of these units is the high level of viscosity of the pumped substance (oil up to 2000 cSt).

Such pumping units are manufactured in various climatic versions, as they operate under a wide variety of weather conditions (from the North Sea to the UAE, as well as the deserts of the USA).

The oil pump must be powerful enough, since in the process of pumping and refining oil, the unit lifts it from significant depths of oil wells. The performance characteristics of wells are largely influenced by the type of energy used by oil equipment. Therefore, a certain type of pumping unit drive is installed taking into account operating conditions.

Thus, an oil pump can be equipped with the following types of drives:

  • mechanical;
  • electrical;
  • hydraulic;
  • pneumatic;
  • thermal.

An electric drive, provided there is a power supply, is the most convenient and provides the widest range of characteristics in the process of pumping oil. In conditions where power supply is not available, oil pumps can be equipped with gas turbine engines or internal combustion engines. Pneumatic drives are installed on centrifugal oil pumps in cases where it is possible to use the energy of natural gas (high pressure) or the energy of associated gas, which significantly increases the profitability of the pumping unit.

Pumped liquids. Examples

Oil pumps pump oil, petroleum products, oil and gas emulsions, liquefied gases, as well as other substances that have similar characteristics, non-aggressive liquid media, and sediments.

Examples of oil pumps for:

At oil production sites, pumping units pump flushing fluid during well drilling, fluid during flushing operations during overhauls, and liquid media into the formation, ensuring the intensity of oil production. In addition, oil pumps pump a variety of liquid media that are not aggressive (including water-logged oil).

Design features and types:

To general design features of all oil pumping installations, first of all should include:

  • hydraulic part of the pump unit;
  • specific materials that make it possible to install an oil pump in open areas outdoors;
  • mechanical seal;
  • protection of electric motors from explosions.

The oil pumping unit with drive is mounted on a single foundation. A mechanical seal with flushing and fluid supply systems is installed between the shaft and the pump housing. The flow part of the unit is made of steel (carbon/chromium/nickel-containing).

Oil pumping units are divided into two main types: screw and centrifugal.

Oil screw pumping units are capable of operating under more severe operating conditions than centrifugal ones. Due to the fact that screw units pump liquids without screw contact, they are able to work with contaminated substances (crude oil, pulp, sludge, brine, etc.), as well as substances with a high level of density.

Oil screw pumps are single-screw and double-screw, both types demonstrate good self-priming ability, while creating a high level of pressure (more than 100 meters) and pressure (more than 10 atm.).

Twin-screw pumps of this type cope well with viscous liquids (bitumen, fuel oil, tar, oil sludge, etc.) even under conditions of changing ambient temperatures. Thus, these units can work with substances whose temperature is +450 °C, while lower limit Ambient temperatures can reach -60 °C. Twin-screw multiphase pumps are capable of working with gaseous liquids (content level up to 90%).

Oil screw pumps are also used for unloading tanks (road and railway), containers with acids, i.e. perform tasks that oil centrifugal pumps cannot perform.

The following types of oil centrifugal pumping units are distinguished:

  • Cantilever pumps can be equipped with a flexible/rigid coupling. There are modifications without a coupling. Such pumps are mounted horizontally/vertically on feet or along a central axis. The temperature of the pumped substance is no more than 400°C.

The cantilever single-stage oil pump is equipped with single-acting impellers. These units are used in the process of pumping oil, as well as liquids with high temperatures (up to 200

  • Double-bearing pumping units are available in single-stage/two-stage/multi-stage. There are single-body/double-body modifications, as well as single- and double-sided suction. The temperature of the pumped substance is no more than 200 C.
  • Vertical semi-submersible (or suspended) pumps are manufactured in a single-casing or double-casing modification, with a separate discharge or discharge through a column. In addition, such units can be equipped with a guide vane or a spiral outlet.

Separation of centrifugal oil pump types, API 610 standard

According to the temperature level of the pumped liquid, oil pumps can be divided into the following types:

  • for pumping liquids at a temperature of 80°C (oil semi-submersible, oil main horizontal multi-stage sectional cast iron pumps equipped with single-entry impellers, as well as oil horizontal single-stage steel pumps);
  • for pumping liquids at a temperature of 200°C (oil cantilever cast iron pumps, as well as oil horizontal multistage cast iron pumps);
  • for pumping liquids at a temperature of 400°C (oil cantilever steel pumps equipped with single/double-acting impellers).

Depending on the temperature level of the pumped substance, oil pumps are equipped with single seals (for a temperature level of no more than 200°C) and double mechanical seals (for a temperature level of no more than 400°C).

In accordance with the scope of application of pumping units, units are divided into pumps used in the process of oil production and transportation, as well as pumps used in the process of oil preparation and refining.

The first group includes units that supply oil to automated group metering installations, central point collection, into tanks of commercial oil, to the head station of the main oil pipeline, as well as pumps pumping oil at oil refineries and units for the booster station. The second group includes units for supplying oil to separators, centrifuges, heat exchangers, furnaces and columns.

Technical characteristics of centrifugal oil pumps

Main parts of oil sealed centrifugal pump


1.Pump body
2.Impeller (closed type)
3.Bearing
4. Sealing cup
5.inner magnet
6.External magnet
7.Protective cover
8.Secondary casing
9.Load-bearing frame
10.Oil seal
11.Temperature sensor

Main parts of petroleum products pump (BB3 type) according to API 610 10th edition


Pump design:

1.pump housing
2. pressure reducing bushing
3. impeller jacket
4.impeller with first stage diffuser
5.balancing diaphragm
6.mounting studs
7.diffuser slot seal
8.support bolt
9.shaft
10.thrust bolt seal
11.pipe

Main parts of an oil transfer pump


Pump design

1.pump housing
2.replacement ring
3.pump support
4.impeller
5.sealing complex
6.oil chamber seal
7.shaft
8.bearings
9.Finning
10.bearing housing

Application area

Oil pumping units are used primarily in petrochemical and oil refining industries. In addition, pumps of this type also operate in other areas where the process of pumping oil and petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gas, as well as other substances that have similar physical properties with the listed substances (viscosity indicator, weight, level of corrosive effects on the materials of pump elements, etc.).

Pumps, manufactured in various climatic versions and various categories, are designed for operation outdoors and in rooms where, due to operating conditions, the formation of explosive gases, vapors or a mixture of dust and air, and belonging to various explosion hazard categories, is possible.

Thus, oil pumping units operate:

  • At enterprises of the oil and gas production and oil refining industries;
  • As part of fuel supply systems of thermal power plants;
  • Large boiler houses and gas filling stations;
  • At other enterprises that distribute or use petroleum products in explosive conditions.
  • Pumping of petroleum products various types
  • Trunk crude oil pumping
  • Pumping of commercial oil
  • Gas condensate pumping
  • Pumping of liquefied gases
  • Pumping hot water at energy facilities
  • Injection of water into the formation in RPM systems
  • Transfer of chemical reagents
  • Pumping acids and salt solutions
  • Pumping of explosive and fire hazardous media
  • Injection of chemical reagents into the reservoir for better oil recovery
  • Pumping of various chemical media at oil and gas facilities
  • Pumping feed water in steam heating systems
  • In booster systems
  • In pressure generation systems
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