Development of passports for grounding devices. Can the chief engineer himself make passports for the grounding loop? What does the document include?
Good day, dear friends.
Today, as promised, I will talk about the documentation for the grounding device (GD).
Let's start with the fact that in any project for an electrical installation there is a separate paragraph (section) which contains a drawing of the charger, a specification for the materials used for installing the charger, as well as the resistance of the charger calculated for a given type of soil. I note that the PUE and PTEEP provide the values of the charger resistance for soil with a resistivity of 100 Ohm*m, but more on that another time.
And so, the project is the starting point. According to the results installation work a hidden work report is drawn up for the circuit:
and an as-built diagram of the charger, drawn to scale, indicating the artificial grounding lines, grounded equipment, places of connection of grounding conductors to the charger (the as-built diagram must show all underground and above-ground connections of the charger):
The charger resistance is also measured. You can read about this in detail in the article “Grounding devices. Tests.” Based on the measurement results, a PROTOCOL is drawn up.
Now the memory can be put into operation.
A PASSPORT is drawn up for the memory:
This is the main document for the memory, which reflects:
date of commissioning of the storage unit (date of reconstruction or repair of the storage unit);
basic parameters of the ground electrode (material, profile, cross-section of conductors);
charger resistance data;
as-built diagram of the charger, made to scale, indicating the artificial grounding lines, grounded equipment, places of connection of grounding conductors to the charger (the as-built diagram must show all underground and above-ground connections of the charger);
soil resistivity;
touch voltage data;
data on the communication resistance of the equipment with the charger;
degree of corrosion of artificial grounding conductors;
information on electromagnetic compatibility;
a list of defects discovered during ongoing inspections;
information on eliminating comments and defects in the memory;
conclusion on the suitability of the charger for operation.
Those. As a result, you will have a passport for the charger, an executive circuit, a protocol for measuring the resistance of the charger, a protocol for the metallic connection of electrical equipment with the charger, and a list of defects.
That's all for today.
If you have any questions, write. I'll be glad to answer.
A lightning protection passport is a document that is transferred to the Customer (the owner of a building or structure) from an organization that installs or carries out inspection (control tests) of the lightning protection and grounding system, with data from visual inspection, checks and measurements of system elements for compliance with the requirements of the project and regulatory documents ( basic RD 34.21.122-87, SO 153-34.21.122-2003 and others).
This organization must have a certified electrical laboratory and properly verified instruments necessary for monitoring and testing.
When is certification required?
It is carried out during acceptance work, comparison or control tests, as well as after a certain service life for compliance with operational characteristics.
Document in Lately representatives of inspection departments, especially fire and gas supervision, require.
What does the document include?
The lightning protection passport contains the following blocks:
- Title page
- Protocol No. 1 of visual inspection
- Protocol No. 2 for checking the transient resistance of lightning protection system elements
- Protocol No. 3 for testing the resistance of grounding conductors and grounding devices
- Diagrams indicating measurement control points
Copies of the registration (certification) certificate of the electrical laboratory and calibration certificates for the control and measuring instruments used to carry out the measurements must be attached.
All protocols and the title page must be signed by the responsible engineer and the head of the electrical laboratory.
How to fill out measurement protocols
Visual inspection protocol
Includes the following marks:
- Compliance of installation with project documentation
- Compliance with the requirements of regulatory documentation in the context of the lightning rod part, down conductors, grounding device, indicating specific points of the rules
- Identified violations or comments that do not interfere with operation, but require attention
- General conclusion on further operation or acceptance
Transient resistance test protocol
Measurements are taken moving from the lightning rod to the grounding conductor, at the junctions of the conductor with lightning rods, with metal elements of the building and fittings, as well as with each other. Typically these are places where connectors, holders, terminals and other fastening elements are welded or installed.
It is necessary to indicate:
- purpose of testing (acceptance, comparison, control tests, operational, for certification purposes)
- climatic conditions (temperature, air humidity, atmospheric pressure)
As a result, the table indicates the locations of measurements and the system elements for which they were taken, the number of points of the same type and the actual resistance value.
Protocol for checking the resistance of the grounding device
In addition to the goal and parameters external conditions, as in the previous paragraph, when measuring, be sure to enter the following information:
- Type and nature of the soil
- Soil resistivity
- Rated voltage of the electrical installation
- Neutral mode
The measurement results are entered into the table:
- Measuring location indicating the measuring point on the diagram
- Measured resistance value
- Seasonality factor
- Referred final resistance value
Based on the measurement data, conclusions are drawn and a conclusion is drawn about the compliance of the obtained values with the requirements of the standards.
As in the previous protocol, a table with the parameters of measuring instruments is filled out.
Norms, rules and GOSTs for lightning protection - regulatory documents
Learn more about standardization and regulatory regulation.
Lightning protection grounding resistance
The resistivity of different soils is compared. How do the configuration of the ground electrode and the soil parameter affect the quality of lightning protection grounding? What are the requirements for grounding conductors?
Composition of a lightning protection system according to IEC standards (IEC)
Briefly about what is included in the complex of measures for protection against lightning and thunderstorms according to the International Electrotechnical Commission, as well as interrelated solutions in the field of external and internal lightning protection.
Requirements for external lightning protection elements
What tests do elements of lightning protection systems, connecting components, conductors, and grounding electrodes undergo? Description of testing techniques that simulate natural atmospheric conditions and the effects of corrosion on components.
Cost calculation
Our objects
The need to draw up a grounding device passport is stipulated by law. According to the regulatory data of PTEEP, the grounding loop passport contains:
- main technical characteristics of the device;
- data on checks performed to ensure the proper operational condition of the grounding system.
Standardization of the availability of such a document is justified by its main task.
Why do you need a passport?
The data sheet about the installation features is recorded in the grounding kit passport. protective grounding electrical installations oriented to structural characteristics different types objects.
There are several types of grounding systems and technologies for its production. Choice optimal option carried out based on the analysis of various aspects (resistivity different types soils, climatic changes in soil resistance, etc.). Using the passport data, the specialist will be able to select the most suitable grounding kit for a specific circuit.
Correctly and clearly drawn up documentation on protective equipment plays a role important role for normal functioning electrical system object. All inspection protocols included in the document, examples of tests performed and other additional research materials serve as documentary evidence of the reliable operation of the protective grounding system.
If some controversial issues arise, all recorded data can be easily provided to specialized control bodies.
Grounding certificate: what information does it contain?
The document displays not only various kinds of technical, calculation and research information about the grounding circuit, but also additions - these are all grounding diagrams.
Standard structural content of a passport:
- Cover.
- Technical parameters of the device.
- A significant number of tables. The following tabular data is entered:
- Visual inspection materials (data on corrosion, defects and suggestions for troubleshooting options).
- Results of all inspections.
- Description of the repair work carried out.
- Data that is displayed in special protocols and acts. Documents on measurements or tests are separately attached to the passport.
- Additional information:
- Data on possible connections with similar grounding devices or various communications.
- Date of commissioning of grounding equipment.
- All basic device parameters.
- Grounding current spreading resistance.
- Soil and metal resistance.
Additional information is recorded if there is a need to record it - this is not generally necessary.
Grounding device passport form
There is standardization of data entry forms for various technical documentation. Form 24 is legally prescribed for the grounding device.
The start date of operation and the type of electrical installation are indicated. The technical characteristics of the grounding system are described in detail:
- data on the material of grounding electrodes;
- number, size and configuration of grounding electrodes;
- displays information about the location of connecting strips.
You can familiarize yourself with the principle of filling out such a technical document using an example. The content and type of the protective grounding passport form can be modified, but the basic information must be displayed (cover, technical specifications, drawing).
Principle of entering inspection results
Grounding inspection by a specialist should be carried out once every six months. It is very important to display the result of each test in a table. The main point that attention is drawn to when carrying out such an inspection is the resistance of grounding conductors to corrosion.
There should be no breaks at the connection points between the electrical installation and the grounding device. The contact of all circuit elements is checked. It may be necessary to open the soil to measure the electrical resistance of the device and to inspect the condition of the ground circuit. The results are entered into the appropriate table. The frequency of such inspection is at least once every 12 years.
If certain faults are detected with grounding equipment, specialists will begin work to eliminate them. At this stage, portable grounding is often used.
Passport for portable model
Using a portable grounding model, the safety of electrical installation or repair work is realized when the electrical equipment. All such devices comply with GOST.
The requirement for obtaining a passport for such devices has been approved by law. The structure of the portable model technical document is very similar to that of the electrical equipment.
Standardization of passport data of a portable grounding model:
- technical parameters and characteristics of the device;
- product acceptance data;
- permits for its operation;
- device manufacturer's warranties;
- conditions of its storage;
- safety precautions when working with it.
At correct device This portable model of grounding equipment is the main means of protection when working with electrical installations in circuits without permanent chargers (up to 1 kV).
All technical documentation for the protection of an electrified facility is drawn up taking into account relevant standards and regulations. A responsible approach to the design, electrical installation of grounding and proper documentation of the results of such work will serve as a guarantee maximum level security for elements electrical network
Documentation for any electrical installation includes a drawing of the grounding device (grounding), a precise description of all its parts and resistance calculated for specific operating conditions. Rules for the operation of electrical installations (PTEEP) require that a passport be issued for any grounding. What information is included in the ground loop passport, and how to fill it out correctly?
General information
Grounding is installed to protect people from shocks electric shock, it also provides correct work electrical appliances. When they talk about a grounding device, they mean a grounding conductor and grounding conductors together. When installing a grounding mechanism, it is necessary to issue a passport.
The passport for the grounding device must include the following elements:
- date from which operation of the device began;
- listing technical characteristics and properties;
- results of inspection of the device condition;
- list of inspections and detected faults;
- executive scheme.
- information about repairs and those transformations that were made to the design.
Breaks and insufficient contact along the entire circuit between the electrical installation and the ground electrode must not be allowed. It is necessary to measure the electrical resistance of the structure and inspect its components. To this end, in different places The soil is lifted and an inspection is carried out.
Grounding device passport form
The grounding passport has the status of the main normative document, therefore, when checking electrical installations by authorized bodies, it must be provided.
There is a special form for entering data - Form 24. When filling out the grounding device passport, indicate the name of the electrical installation and the date of commencement of its operation.
If carried out renovation work, then the date of their completion is noted.
The list of technical characteristics of grounding includes information about the material of the grounding electrodes, their quantity, size, and configuration. Vertical and horizontal grounding conductors are described separately. The depth of the connecting strips is indicated.
The passport must contain an executive grounding diagram. Make any changes related to repairs or replacement of parts. If changes occur in the design, these are also noted.
Data on the resistance of the soil and the grounding device is entered, and the method of connecting the elements is noted. Describe what kind of protective agent the joints are coated with (enamel, resin, etc.).
Entering test results
There is no single form for a grounding device passport. There is only a recommended sample. It can be changed at your discretion, but the basic data must be present in the document.
On the very first page (cover) they write the name of the object, followed by technical characteristics and a diagram. Then a table is presented in which the results of the inspections are entered.
Since ground electrodes are in close contact with the ground, corrosion resistance is important for them. Each time during inspection, special attention is paid to the degree of corrosion and the characteristics are entered into the table. The specialist inspecting the grounding writes his name on the form and signs it. Such entries in the passport are made every 6 months, in accordance with the requirements for verification periods.
The soil is selectively opened and... The passport also contains a table for this data. After checking the grounding circuit, a report is drawn up and attached to the passport. The frequency of such inspections is much less - once every 12 years.
You can read more about methods for monitoring grounding equipment in manual RD 153-34.0-20.525-00.
Portable model
This type of grounding is used to ensure safety when working on electrical equipment that is turned off. It is also used on those parts of the device through which current must flow, but it is turned off during work. Absolutely all portable devices strictly comply with GOST.
A passport is also issued for portable grounding. It contains information about technical specifications product, information about its acceptance and permission to operate, manufacturer’s warranties, as well as storage conditions and safety measures when handling the device. In essence, this document is similar to any other passport of an electrical product.
