Homemade feed extruder. DIY household granulator. Diy feed granulators: assembly steps
The grain extruder is one of the most important devices for improving the quality of grain. The need to purchase it is justified by many factors. The extruder allows you to increase several times quality characteristics cereals. Extruded feed is more economical, easier to digest and completely safe.
This technology is applied both in agriculture, helping to significantly reduce feed consumption, and in Food Industry to improve the quality of the final product.
Extrusion is by far the most effective way to increase the nutritional value of cereals!
Description
Grain extruders are designed for the rapid production of feed, the digestibility of which is 90-95%, while the digestibility of untreated cereals does not exceed 65%.
As a result of a short-term increase in temperature, as well as mechanical stress and artificial pressure drops, structural and chemical changes occur in the grain.
Starch, which makes up 50% of cereals and is rather difficult for animals to digest, and grain proteins acquire a structure that is easier for the body to absorb.
Starch breaks down into simple sugars, complex proteins and carbohydrates are broken down into simple ones, and fiber is converted into secondary sugars. Since the temperature exposure lasts only a few seconds, useful vitamins and minerals are completely preserved, and fungi, pests and bacteria die.
During processing, the grain explodes from the inside, becoming more airy and acquiring the necessary plasticity and porosity. The volume of processed grain increases by about 15-20% compared to the original.
Even grains affected by insects, fungi or mold are suitable for the production of animal feed using extrusion.
The food after processing is much easier for the body to perceive, since most of the work of the stomach has already been carried out by the apparatus. Thanks to this, the animal spends 2 times less energy for processing food. As a result, with the same amount of feed being fed, weight gain increases to 40%, milk yield up to 35%, and poultry egg production up to 30%.
Extruder working principle
After the grain is fed into the hopper, the processes inside the apparatus take place without outside interference. With the help of vibration, the material is fed into the working area of the unit, where it is subjected to three-phase processing.
The processed material does not need to be steamed or subjected to any additional processing!
After entering the extruder, the grain is heat treated at a temperature of 110 to 160 degrees under a pressure of up to 40 atmospheres. When the grain is ejected from this compartment, the pressure drops sharply, the water contained in the cells turns into steam and increases in volume by 1000 times. As a result, an explosion occurs inside the grain, due to which it swells, acquires a porous structure, increases in volume and lends itself better to forming.
After being pushed through the shaping tool, a swollen strand in the form of a rope emerges from the extruder. In the presence of a cut-off device, the size of the fraction is approximately 10-50 mm.
The extruding process takes about 30 seconds, which ensures high productivity with minimal costs energy. Heating and compression of grain takes place without heating elements and hydraulics, only due to the electric motor.
Three extrusion methods are used:
- Cold forming;
- Warm processing;
- Hot extrusion.
No foundation is required to install the extruder. It can be installed on any level surface, even an earthen floor!
Usage
Extruders are used to make animal feed. The use of this technology can significantly reduce the cost of feeding animals. In addition, when animals are transferred to feeding with extruded feed, the mortality of young animals is reduced.
Feeds made with extruders have the ability to prevent gastrointestinal diseases in animals and significantly improve the digestive process!
Extruders are also used in the food industry. With their help, breakfast cereals, corn sticks, chips, croutons, baby food, diet breads are made.
Twin-screw extruders are also used in the manufacture of polymers: films for bags, polystyrene and polypropylene.
However, the most common use of an extruder is to improve the feed quality of grain crops. As a material for the manufacture of feed, you can use any cereals, soybeans, legumes.
After processing, the taste of cereals is significantly improved due to the release of oils. The food acquires a pleasant aroma and bread flavor. In this case, the animals eat up faster.
Separate models of extruders allow you to process waste from meat and fish production. Extruders are also used to process oily products prior to pressing. This process facilitates squeezing and increases the final volume of the oils produced.
Extruder E-500
The device is designed for the manufacture of animal feed, cleaning grain from harmful microorganisms. It is also used to prepare soybeans, rapeseed, sunflower seeds for oil extraction.
The machine can be used to process wheat, rye, corn, barley, peas, amaranth, lupine, soybeans and sunflowers. A magnetic catcher of metal particles is installed in the extruder funnel, which allows avoiding the ingress of unnecessary impurities into the apparatus and, subsequently, into the feed.
Soybean processing capacity reaches 500 kg. per hour, when processing grain up to 300 kg. in hour. At the same time, the power consumption is 55 kW / h.
Extruder dimensions:
- Length - 230 cm;
- Width - 210 cm;
- Height - 170 cm;
- Weight - 1400 kg.
A distinctive feature of this model is the presence of a humidification unit in the working area. This guarantees a smooth and even grain handling process and also reduces wear on the working parts.
Extruder ES-1250
Powerful machine for use on large and medium-sized farms. The productivity of this model reaches 1250 kg / h. At the same time, the extruder is able to work around the clock. Equipped with lateral feed of raw materials from the hopper directly to the working area. This eliminates the operational problems that are present when processing wet grain or complex mixtures in top feed extruders.
In addition to standard extrusion materials (wheat, oats, millet, barley), this model is suitable for the processing of biowaste, minced meat and bone, flour and other waste. The device is equipped with two hydraulic cylinders with the help of which the bodies are automatically removed when disassembling the working part of the extruder or replacing the screws. This greatly simplifies the lengthy and laborious maintenance and repair process, especially in emergency situations.
The weight of the extruder is 2130 kg and the power consumption is 110 kW.
This model allows you to adjust the gaps inside the working part of the extruder, which makes it possible to make precise settings for the apparatus for each raw material.
Extruder PE-900 UShK
Equipped with a grain conditioning and steam processing system. This technology makes it possible to give the processed material softness and elasticity, which significantly reduces the energy consumption for processing. In addition, it helps to increase the life of the main extruder assemblies.
It is used for processing wheat, soybeans, barley, corn, and peas. Productivity from 1300 to 1800 kg / h. Power consumption from 97 kW / h. Steam consumption is approximately 100 kg / h at a pressure of 0.4-0.6 MPa. Dimensions 280 * 256 * 255 cm. The weight of the unit is 2500 kg.
The extruder of this model is characterized by high productivity and can be used to prepare soybeans and sunflower seeds for oil extraction.
Outcome
The purchase of an extruder is undoubtedly a profitable investment. In addition to the fact that the amount of feed fed to animals decreases and its nutritional value increases, extrusion allows the production of high-quality feed without chemical impurities... Feeds made with extruders allow increasing the productivity of farms without adding chemical and hormonal preparations to animal food.
Extrusion allows you to add up to 30% of impurities (hay, silage, straw, meat processing waste) to the original raw materials, without reducing the quality and energy value of the produced feed.
In addition, the purchase of an extruder will have a positive impact on the economic health of grain producers. Finished high-quality feed is much more expensive than unprocessed grain, and the demand for it is practically not decreasing.
That is, extrusion allows you to increase the cost of the final product without high energy and labor costs. The process is fully automated and takes place in just a few seconds!
In the production of feed using this technology, grains affected by mold or insects can be used to obtain a suitable final product. This allows you to avoid crop losses, which, even with proper storage grains make up at least 20%. This is one of the few technologies that allows you to get high profits at the lowest cost.
The extruder is an indispensable device for the preparation of combined feeds in a private household. Granules are healthier and more economical: animals do not have the opportunity to choose tidbits from the mixture, they eat food better, and get more vitamins. You can make the device yourself in several ways from scrap materials.
The apparatus consists of several parts, and is conventionally divided into three sections:
- The first is responsible for the acceptance of raw materials,
- In the second, plasticization and compression occurs,
- In the third, pressing.
Grain processing in industrial extruders occurs at high temperatures: from 110 to 180 ° C, and a pressure above 40 atmospheres. These conditions are necessary for the breakdown of the fiber, protein, and starch found in whole grains. The whole process takes only a few minutes, which means that the split protein does not have time to coagulate.
Another plus of extrusion is obtaining a clean and safe compound feed: almost all types of bacteria and fungi die during heat treatment.
The grain extruder is equipped with a special chamber in which the products are pressed. It also contains a shaft with screw pressing, intermediate and feeding elements. The power of the device depends on the motor and the rotor, which is responsible for the operation of the cutting unit.
Types of homemade extruders
Industrial models of the device in price start from 45,000 rubles, which is not always acceptable for small farms and private households. In order to prepare a complete and healthy feed for livestock and poultry, many farmers have learned to assemble the device on their own. There are several ways to make your own extruder:
- For large volumes of raw materials,
- From spare parts for agricultural machinery,
- From a vacuum cleaner.
Before you start manufacturing, you need to find diagrams and drawings. They will help you understand the intricacies and nuances of fastening and the location of the main working units.
A homemade extruder is not only cheaper. It can be made in a size suitable for the needs of the farm, equipped with additional curly knives or several dies.
Extruder for large amounts of feed
This unit consists of:
- Receiving bunker,
- Motor and drive,
- Frames,
- Reducer,
- Cuffs,
- Cutting unit,
- Dosing auger with a drive,
- Cylinder.
The chamber of the pressing unit is a cylinder into which the delivery auger is inserted. The auger is divided into three parts: initial, middle and outlet. For greater strength, each of them is secured with a left-hand threaded stud. The assembly is closed with a sheet steel body.
The frame is welded from a corner or pipe sections. The dimensions depend on the planned volumes of processed raw materials and the length of the cylinder. The pressing unit is mounted on the frame and secured with several bolts. Next, they begin to manufacture the receiving hopper. Usually it is welded from steel sheets, and a hole is made in the lower part, under which a tray is placed. Through it, the raw material flows from the receiver to the blower auger. Longitudinal grooves are made to move the grain in the lower part of the housing. A cutting unit is installed at the end of the auger section to adjust the size of the granules. It includes:
- Nasal body,
- Matrix,
- Knives.
The knives are pressed against the matrix by a spring, and the shaft is rotated using a drive and a driver. Finished product comes out through the holes in the matrix, and is cut with knives according to the specified parameters.
The feed extruder processes grain only at high temperatures generated by the operation of the engine and gearbox.
They are connected to the shaft and nose housing by a chain drive, and are attached to the frame. For safety, the electrical unit can also be closed with steel sleeves. Temperature control is carried out by changing the position of the matrix, and control - by a thermometer. Install it next to the cutting element.
Extruder from spare parts for agricultural machinery
To make this apparatus, you must have:
- Electrical engine,
- Gears from a tractor gearbox,
- Rod, diameter 5 mm, from the hydraulic cylinder,
- Wire, 8 mm thick,
- Sheet metal.
To make a cylinder, several gears are welded together. The result should be an auger with a diameter of about 6.25 cm. Then a wire is wound on it with a variable pitch. The step width gradually decreases from 2.4 cm to 2 cm. All elements are welded, and the seam is smoothed out with a grinder.
The next step: grinding the axle boxes on lathe... One is made for the auger, the second for the gear shaft. When the elements are ready, the parts are welded together in the following sequence: shaft, axle boxes, bearing, auger. The extruder head is attached to the latter using a die.
The assembly of the feed extruder begins with welding the frame to which the motor is attached. It is connected to the working unit and the starting element using a chain drive. A hopper is placed on top for loading: it can be either a bucket or a box welded from iron. At the opposite end, a mold is installed to compress the processed mass. Passing through the die, the grain is forced through the holes and enters the dispenser.
The grain extruder works on the principle of a meat grinder, and the size of the granules depends on the shape and size of the holes in the die.
Extruder from an old vacuum cleaner
For manufacturing you will need:
- The body and motor from the vacuum cleaner,
- Plywood sheet,
- Steel blank for knives,
- Metal disc,
- Wooden pins,
- Fasteners and bushings.
This device is not very powerful, therefore it is most often used for preparing compound feed for a small number of poultry, rabbits, piglets or small ruminants.
How to make a grain extruder: a square is cut out of a sheet of plywood - a base with a side of 30 cm.A motor is installed on it so that the shaft is 4 cm below the base.To make knives, they use steel of the STZ brand or higher, or they are machined from car holders. The thickness of the knife should not be less than 1.5 mm, and the length and width should not be less than 20 * 1.5 cm. The knife should be sharpened in the direction of the rotating axis. For greater efficiency, the workpiece is given the shape of a propeller or the angle of the edge of the corners is changed.
To attach the cutting elements, a hole is drilled on the motor axis, and a conventional bushing acts as a fastening element. The working chamber is made of sheet metal. The dimensions of the container: 70 * 6 cm. The sheet is bent in the form of a cylinder, and the upper and lower parts are bent outward. Flanges should be formed with a width of 1 cm. They are needed to attach the chamber and hold the sieve. Three pins are installed on the bottom of the cylinder.
The mesh size of the sieve determines the size of the finished granules. The smallest is used to obtain feed meal. A receiving hopper with dampers is welded above the working chamber. With its help, you can regulate the volume of supplied raw materials.
The grain extruder is installed on a flat, flat surface. It is advisable to use the device in a room with low humidity and good ventilation. The grain is fed evenly and constantly, otherwise the press compartment will be overloaded. To adjust the size of the finished granules, change the sieve or tighten the matrix bolt.
Finish the work by gradually reducing the speed. After each use, the device must be disassembled and washed to avoid clogging of the working and cutting units with particles of dried feed.
An extruder is a tool that allows you to process large quantities of cereals, fruits and vegetables, which are turned into a complete feed. In a farm, such a device is indispensable, especially when you need compound feed for normal growth. But high prices are a problem.
Not all farmers can afford to buy such a tool. As a solution, you can make a do-it-yourself feed extruder.
1 How does a feed extruder work?
Before making an extruder with your own hands, you need to understand how it works. The principle of operation of the extruder includes the following stages:
- cereals, vegetables and fruits are loaded into the tank of the device;
- here they enter the compartment where high pressure acts on the raw material (about 60 atmospheres);
- then the feed is processed with high temperature (in most extruders it reaches 1.5 thousand degrees);
- the resulting composition is compacted and comes out in the form of a long rod with a thickness of 3 cm;
- the rod is cut into smaller pieces, after which it is completely ready for use.
The main advantage of the feed, which is processed by such a device, is that it is very quickly and fully absorbed by the animals. Under the action of high temperatures and strong pressure, the structure of the original components breaks down into simpler components, which individually are much better absorbed. By this principle.
1.1 What the feed extruder consists of
The structure of this device is quite simple. It is based on a frame that connects all units and ensures their stability. A hopper is installed on the frame, into which everything is supplied, and the drive of the mechanism.
Further on, there is a metering screw and a pressure auger, through which small portions of cereals are fed into the receiving chamber. The whole process is organized by a motor with a gearbox. When leaving the device, the finished feed rods are automatically cut off with a special knife or manually.
2 What is a homemade feed extruder made of?
The main snag when assembling the device at home is the need to purchase most of the parts, since the design is quite complex here. First of all, you need an accurate drawing.
It can either be downloaded from the Internet (here you can find all imaginable models) or you can use the ready-made instructions from the factory model. The drawing should accurately convey the dimensions of the components and the entire required material... After the drawing is ready and that's it important points thought out, you can proceed to collecting materials.
2.1 Assembling a homemade extruder
First of all, we start making the auger for the device. It consists of a cylinder and a body. To make the cylinder, the gears from the tractor transmission are used. They are tightly welded together. If standard gears were used, then the diameter of the resulting part should be somewhere around 62 mm.
Then we work with the body. The basis for it will be, prepared earlier, the rod from the hydraulic cylinder. A wire is wound on the stem in the form of a spiral (if there is a sufficiently long spring corresponding to the diameter, you can use it). The wire on the rod must be placed so that the distance between the turns of the spiral gradually decreases towards the end of the part. The initial clearance is 25 mm, after which there is a gradual decrease to 20 mm.
Once the wire (spring) is properly secured, grab it with a welding machine. The welding must be very strong, as the part will be subject to severe stress. Further, the auger is carefully inspected for irregularities and excess protrusions.
All detected defects are erased with a file or grinder. The auger can also be turned on a lathe, if available. The part will be of higher quality, and the work is much less. In addition, the channels will be much deeper, which will simplify the feeding of the grain.
How to make an auger housing? Any piece of pipe that is suitable in diameter is suitable as this component. The screw cylinder is placed inside it. It must be connected to the extruder head and the gearbox driving the screw. To do this, we grind two bushings on a lathe. Then we connect all the parts. An additional bearing must be installed at the junction between the gearbox and the auger shaft.
First of all, you need to make a solid frame on which the device will be installed. Specific instructions there is no. Its design depends on the features. The main requirements for the frame are stability, stability and strength. The first two points can be achieved by making a wider base, which, after assembly, is bolted to the floor with bolts with a large diameter. You can assemble the frame from corners welded together.
We install an engine and a gearbox on the frame with a screw and a head welded to it. The transmission of torque to the gearbox will be carried out by a belt. It connects the trigger, gearbox and motor together.
We fix the grain bin on the installed auger. This part can be any metal container with a hole in the bottom. In the absence of such, an ordinary iron bucket will do. The hopper is fixed so that the grain easily passes into the auger, where it is pushed and pressed. The peak is reached in the die, which dispenses ready-made feed. The thickness of the resulting feed rod will depend on the diameter of the die.
We install the frame in the selected part of the room, after which we weld all parts of the device. The do-it-yourself extruder is ready.
2.2 Last checks and first launch
The resulting extruder is quite powerful electrical device, which before direct work requires a thorough check of all components and assemblies. For security reasons, the following inspection plan should be adhered to:
- The first point is re-checking the reliability of all seams and joints... If individual components are connected with bolts, tighten them as much as possible.
- Further goes checking the flatness of the surface on which the device is installed.
- The next step is starting the mechanism. For some time, the mechanism should run idle. This will allow it to warm up before use. To check if the extruder has warmed up enough, you can run flour into it. It is possible to determine the readiness of the device for operation by the form of the processed raw materials.
- If all the preparatory processes went well, you can proceed to check with grain... Grain should be fed into the hopper gradually and steadily. Interruptions in the feed result in negative idle, which damages the machine. But, and surplus of raw materials will lead to work "through force", which can damage the mechanisms.
- The finished product should be constantly tightened. This will remove gaps in the die and increase the density.
- In no case should you suddenly stop the device after active work. If the right amount grain has already been processed, add flour or waste from sunflower seeds to the hopper again. During processing, such material collects, released during processing, cereal oils and unprocessed residues that contaminate the mechanisms.
- The speed of the car gradually slows down until it cools down. After stopping, it takes some more time for the machine to cool down, otherwise there is a risk of getting burned on the hot mechanisms of the extruder.
2.3 The operation of a homemade grain extruder (video)
It is prepared very often. This also requires equipment, and industrial designs cost a lot. But there is still a way out - to assemble a grain extruder with your own hands.
Description and purpose
This mechanism is designed to process raw materials (grain, straw, etc.) into "light" animal feed. Necessary conditions to obtain such products are high pressure and high temperature.
This specificity of work leaves an imprint on the entire structure. Among the main parts and assemblies are:
- frame (aka frame), which will hold the entire apparatus;
- receiving hopper;
- belt drive;
- engine;
- reducer;
- screw;
- fier;
- cylinder;
- cuff;
- adjusting key;
- washers;
- control panel.
Of course, industrial designs are more complex and productive, but the owner of the courtyard will have enough and homemade version... If you have a fairly powerful electric motor at hand, you can get up to 40 kg of high-quality mixture per hour.
Principle of operation
Having learned what the extruder is intended for, and how it can help in the preparation of the feed base, let's take a closer look at the processing process itself.
Most extruders (both factory and homemade) are distinguished by their versatility. In addition to the grain mass, the following are suitable as raw materials for processing:
- and soy;
- meal and cake obtained from these crops;
- and meat flour.
Important!When working, the case warms up almost immediately-be careful not to touch it.
That is, the unit can "dispense" any compound feed, and this is already a direct saving - there is no need to buy bags on the market every weekend, it is enough just to fill up wheat or soybeans from the available stocks. In addition, such food is easier for animals to digest (which has a good effect on body weight gain).
Processing starts from the fact that the raw materials that have entered the hopper are fed to the injection auger, the heating washers of which soften the grain. The auger, rotating, transports the products onto the fier. It is there that heat treatment and main pressure testing take place.
The last stage is the passage through the disc, controlled by the handle (by changing the position, you can set the desired size of the fraction). A small roller with a knife is attached to it by a spring, which cuts the resulting "sausages". They come out through the holes in the form of a thin (up to 3 cm) dense bundle. Note that this is typical for large, industrial units. For homemade ones, the output is adjusted directly from the fiery.
The extruder, designed for the preparation of feed, has an advantage in that even stale and slightly overheated grain can be put into operation - with this heat treatment, the mold is "neutralized".
How to do it yourself
You can assemble such a device at home. This will require the right parts and locksmith skills (although familiarity with turners is also desirable). Let's start with preparing the hardware.
Materials and tools
The first step is to select electric motor... Here you need a 4 kW motor (1400 rpm) - to work with a 220 V household power supply, this is the best option... A less powerful "engine" will not cope with such loads.
Often, for such purposes, they take old motors that have not been used for years, falling into dust in the corner. In this case, the unit will have to be thoroughly inspected - the case is disassembled, the condition of the rotor, winding and bearing is checked.
Basic diagnostics will not hurt either. Simple spinning test: try to spin the rotor by hand (only on an unconnected motor). If with effort, but still went - no problem. In turn, the sluggish movement may be the result of clogged or unusable grease in the bearings (or the use of an unsuitable one).
After making sure that the motor is in good working order, put the cover back in place and try to turn it on. Listen - the hum should be even, without "wedging" cutting the ear. Their presence indicates bearing play or a broken race.
With the engine sorted out. In addition to the "heart", you will need the following components:
- iron corner (25 and 35 mm);
- shaft for auger;
- steel wire (10 mm diameter);
- rods (8 mm);
- pipe (for the body);
- blank for fier;
- threaded transition;
- outlet lock nut;
- axle box with two bearings (63x18 in diameter);
Important!It is advisable to wipe the prepared bearings before installation. For this, a rag moistened with kerosene or gasoline will do.
- two pulleys (gear ratio ¼);
- galvanized iron under the bunker;
- capacitors (4 working capacitors at 8 mKf and 2 starting capacitors at 280 mKf);
- plug and switch.
Manufacturing process
The algorithm of actions at the beginning of the assembly will be as follows:
- The frame is prepared first. The corners are cut to size, exposed and boiled. In our case, the base of the "bed" has dimensions of 40x80 cm. The upper platform for the body is 16x40.
- Then the legs are put on the frame (40 cm). Having welded them to the base, they proceed to the connection with the "top". Paired jumpers are placed under it in 5 centimeters.
- To mount the engine, you will have to cook another frame from the same corner. Elongated slots are made in its racks, thanks to which the belt tension will be adjusted. It is finally fixed only after both shafts are exposed.
- On one of the edges of the shaft (42 cm long and 27 mm in diameter), a 2 cm cone with 45 ° angles is turned on a lathe. He is assigned the role of a tip.
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- On the base of the shaft, tightly clamped in the yew, a wire - "ten" is wound. These will be the screws. It will have to be set at the right angle, welded and carefully trimmed with a grinder. This is almost impossible without an assistant.
- The first comes out from the unmachined roller. From the first to the second screw should be about 25 mm (if measured in the center of the ridge) - this is where the raw material gets. The gap between the second and third will be the same.
- The five center turns are spaced 20 mm apart;
- At 2–2.5 cm from them, two pieces of wire are “riveted” tightly at once - a blank of a heating washer. Having trimmed its surface, slightly oblique shallow cuts (along the entire circumference, with a step of 1 cm) are made with a "grinder".
- From the edge of the washer, the outboard auger will protrude, after which there are three more with a gap of 20 mm. Such work can take a whole day.
WITH cylinder also have to tinker.
Expose the rods just like that, "by eye" will not work. To avoid skewing, look for a pipe - "forty" (it has an outer diameter of 48 mm). Clamps are placed at both ends, which will clamp the rods. But there is one more nuance. Even before "scalding", several rods will have to be cut so that a loading window (3x2 cm) is obtained, which will be 3 cm from one of the edges.
Important!A flat surface is selected as the working platform. Tilting to either side is contraindicated-in this case, the device will either overheat, or will "grind" without load.
The shaft should come out of the cylinder with a margin - it should be enough to install the pulley. Everything is exposed and adjusted - you can cook. Be prepared for the workpiece to heat up and sag, and it will not be easy to knock it out of the pipe. To facilitate the task, take a longer pipe, and, if necessary, weld a penny to the wall of the case, which will have to be hit hard with a sledgehammer.
When the cylinder has cooled, it is cleaned of rust. Then the finished auger is inserted. There should be no more than 1 mm between the walls and the screws. The tapered end of the shaft will protrude completely. It is there that a suitable thread (here - "50") with a length of 2 cm will be welded.
A separate topic is manufacturing fiery... This is a tricky turning job. The fact is that with one end it should be put on the tapered edge of the shaft (you will have to make a similar groove in the center). Do not forget about the external thread, with which the whole part will be screwed onto the cylinder. And here are its parameters:
- length - 80 mm;
- joint diameter - 49 mm;
- inner hole 15 mm.
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Don't forget about bearings that will have to be stuffed onto the shaft. Crimping requires care and installation of support bushings. Keep in mind that they make it somewhat difficult to maintain the bearing, therefore, the races must be "fresh".
For a small farm, the usual filling bunkers made of galvanized iron. It is based on a riveted square (16x16 cm). Having counted 14 cm from its top, make a uniform bend at the bottom of the front wall. Then the back wall is adjusted and a hole is made, which should go into the window on the body.
It is connected to the upper bed by "legs" from a corner of 25 mm, welded at an angle. The bunker is riveted to them on both sides, having previously drilled holes.
Final installation related to electrical equipment:
- All working expansion joints are placed in one block and sequentially soldered. It's the same story with launchers.
- Then both wires are removed from the first worker.
- On the middle and lower bolts of the motor "block", the free ends of the fork should already be fixed. One of the free wires from the capacitor is hooked to the upper bolt, and the second is brought out to the starting "condo".
- On the first working "condo" solder a wire from the start switch (the second is already connected to them).
Important!All capacitors must be “packed” in wooden boxes. Of course, after work, they are covered so that moisture does not get there.
The final chord is the installation and "hanging" of the pulleys, which should be strictly vertical and without the slightest distortions relative to each other. If everything fits together, you can test and get started. The first "runs" are made on soft raw materials like cake.
Make or buy?
We gave an example of how you can assemble an extruder at home, and this "manual" is enough to understand what it is, and whether it is worth taking on manufacturing yourself.
Such a decision is supported by the following arguments:
- cheapness;
- the ability to "fit" the unit to fit your needs by choosing the appropriate size;
- ease of maintenance;
- uncomplicated electrical circuit without many pads and plugs;
- savings on the purchase of compound feed (home stocks are used);
- good productivity.
- laboriousness of assembly, which requires tools and skills;
- accelerated heating of the cylinder, from which almost all homemade products suffer;
- unprotected wiring.
Let everyone draw their own conclusions based on their own considerations. We can only state that the extruder will be an excellent help for a small courtyard with a "handy" owner. But a farmer on a large scale will need a stable (and expensive) factory product.
Now you know what the extruder is useful for, and what is the reason for its manufacture. We hope you will correctly calculate the design by assembling a durable apparatus. Good luck on the farm!
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