The composition of water-based paint for walls. What is water-based paint: composition and properties, application. Specific features of water-based paint "Tex"

Water-based paint is a film-forming material on water based with an emulsion of polymeric components - polyvinyl acetate, styrene-butadiene, polyacrylate and others. Differs in fine operational properties, environmental friendliness and fire safety.

Water-based (water-dispersion) film formers

Emulsion is a two-phase system of immiscible liquids, one of which is continuous, and the second forms a dispersed phase in the form of small inclusions. It is a type of dispersion.

Polymer dispersions are subdivided:

• primary or synthetic;
• secondary or artificial.

The former are obtained by polymerization of monomers directly in liquid. The second is by dispersing the finished polymer into the liquid phase. Depending on the state of aggregation of the finished polymer, synthetic dispersions are divided into:

• emulsions;
• suspensions.

Emulsions are formed when using the finished polymer in a liquid state or in the form of a film-forming solution in an organic solvent. Suspensions are formed when using solid oligomers, polymers or finished powder paints; are of limited use.

Emulsion polymerization is used in the chemical industry, including the production of emulsion polymers such as synthetic rubbers and polyvinyl chloride. It can be both aqueous and non-aqueous. In turn, monomers can be either "solid" (vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate) or "soft" (butyl acrylate), or gaseous (ethylene, vinylidene chloride). Conditionally "hard" and "soft" polymers are subdivided based on mechanical characteristics the resulting film. Emulsion polymerization is widely used in paint and varnish production.

How coatings are formed based on aqueous dispersions

A film from an aqueous emulsion is formed by its coagulation on the surface to be painted as a result of the removal of water from a rather thin layer of the emulsion. With an increase in the volume content of the dispersed phase in the process of the disappearance of water, a gel-like structure is formed, while the globules "fit" into the most compact structures. In the future, the globules approach each other with a corresponding deformation and an increase in interfacial boundaries. Under a microscope, the resulting structure resembles a honeycomb.

Film formation ends with the disappearance of physical boundaries between the parts of the polymer components due to diffusion through the interglobular space of macromolecular segments, which occurs only with segmental mobility of molecules. Typically, this mobility is provided at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the polymer. If this condition is not met for standard conditions, the segmental mobility of polymer particles is increased with the help of various additives of solvents (coalescents), plasticizers and softeners.

The ability of aqueous emulsions to form a film is characterized by a minimum film formation temperature (MFT), which for most water-dispersion materials is at least 5 °C.

Rheological properties

The viscosity of the dispersion medium is so low that the rheological properties of emulsion paints depend not so much on the type and properties of the polymer component, but on its concentration.

To a large extent, the rheological properties are affected by the particle size of the polymer component. The gel-like structure with small particles has low shear viscosity and high thixotropy, respectively, the paint is well applied, but the brush leaves marks due to poor flow. Emulsions with large particles form paints that are too liquid and prone to streaks.

In general, the viscosity of the paint depends on the aqueous medium and is easily controlled by water-soluble thickeners. The size and shape of pigments and fillers affect flow to a lesser extent.

Water-based paint: composition, types of copolymers

The main components of water-dispersion paints and varnishes:

• film formers;
• pigments;
• fillers;
• functional additives:
  • wetting agents (surfactants);
  • pigment stabilizers;
  • plasticizers and coalescing solvents;
  • acidity regulators, buffer additives;
  • defoamers;
  • defrosting/freezing stabilizers.

Surfactants provide:

• conditions for the polymerization of monomers;
• stabilization of the resulting polymer particles.

In emulsion polymerization, anionic and nonionic surfactants are commonly used. During the formation of the coating, the surfactant may prevent the coalescence of polymer particles.

Coalescent additives and plasticizers provide the mobility of molecules in the process of film formation. Unlike plasticizers, coalescers evaporate from the film during film formation and initial period operation without affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the coating. In practice, plasticizers and coalescents are used together.

Despite the fact that dispersions can be obtained from almost any polymeric materials, the following are mainly used in the paint and varnish industry:

• polyvinyl acetate and its copolymers;
• styrene-butadiene copolymers;
• acrylic copolymers.

Polyvinyl acetate emulsions

The first began to be used in the paint and varnish industry. At room temperature, polyvinyl acetate is a fairly "hard" polymer. The necessary flexibility of the film is provided by plasticizing:

• external - solvent plasticizers.
• internal - copolymerization.

The use of solvent plasticizers is economically unprofitable, the resulting films are not stable enough, most of the solvents are lost during the operation of the film. Improving the performance properties of the resulting film through the use of complex mixtures of several plasticizers is inefficient.

To obtain copolymers, esters of acrylic, fumaric and maleic acids, as well as higher vinyl esters, are mainly used. Copolymerization increases the degree of dispersion of polymers, which reduces the water absorption of the film, the tendency to migration of organic pigments decreases, and the possibility of increasing the content of these pigments in the paint increases.

Styrene-butadiene copolymers

Gained fame during the Second World War as a synthetic rubber, have the elasticity and stickiness characteristic of elastomers. To increase the hardness and resistance of the film, the styrene content in the copolymer is increased to 50...60%.

Styrene-butadiene copolymers are less susceptible to emulsification, inferior in durability and weather resistance to polyvinyl acetate and polyacrylates, and are used exclusively indoors.

Acrylic water-based paint

The high price of acrylic monomers is due to significant production costs and limits the mass use of acrylic paints and varnishes. Acrylic copolymers where possible to obtain high quality coatings

outperform polyvinyl acetate and styrene-butadione. Films based on polyacrylates have high weather resistance, good water resistance, and are resistant to ultraviolet radiation. The ease of copolymerization of acrylic monomers with various types of monomers and polymers provides ample opportunities to control the technological, operational and special properties of the resulting film. The most commonly used copolymerization with styrene.

A typical representative of quality acrylic water-based paint is "VEAK 1180". Differs in high technological and operational properties. Can be used for both outdoor and internal works. Easy to tint. Apply by brush, roller or spray gun.

Water-based paint: application, specifications

By area of ​​​​application are divided into:

1. Soils.
2. Front.
3. For interior work.
4. Special.

soils are used to strengthen the substrate, smooth out its defects and increase the adhesion of the painted surface. Protect coatings from attack by aggressive components of the cement substrate, especially recently made. They can be either pigmented or non-pigmented. Soils must have the following technical characteristics:

• good penetrating ability;
• formation of a film with acceptable strength properties;
• ability to provide excellent adhesion;
• resistance to hydrolysis and electrolytic processes;
• resistance to water.

Facade water-based paints and varnishes must be resistant to:

• temperature fluctuations;
• ultraviolet radiation;
• the influence of water and chemicals contained in the atmosphere;
• abrasion;
• exposure to microorganisms (molds, lichens and algae).

Facade coatings must have stability during operation, low water absorption with good vapor permeability. IN facade paints pigments and fillers resistant to solar radiation are used. In this case, the weather resistance of the coating may depend more on the quality of the pigment than on the type of dispersion.

More mild conditions use of various types of copolymers as film formers, including styrene-acrylic, vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate and high-pressure polyethylene. There are no serious requirements for water resistance to coatings. The use of paints with a low content of copolymers and a high content of fillers makes it possible to optimize the price-quality ratio.

Coatings for interior work are characterized by the following properties:

• good hiding power;
• ease of painting, no defects;
• use for both walls and ceilings;
• plasticity, resistance to cracking;
• good compatibility with tinting pastes;
• resistance to brushing and washing.

Special water-based paints and varnishes are used for fire-resistant coatings, for bathrooms or floors, for painting metal, wallpaper and other materials.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of water-based paints and varnishes:

• high operational properties coatings;
• good adhesion to the painted surface;
• economical consumption;
• the possibility of painting wet surfaces or at high humidity;
• saving on irretrievably lost organic solvents;
• harmlessness of use;
• fire safety;
• manufacturability of coating;
• short drying time;
• obtaining a different color with your own hands using color;
• ease of maintenance of the working tool.

Preparing for alterations in the apartment, we come to the problem of choosing paint, thanks to which our design ideas will come to life. It should fit in 3 parameters: safety, high quality, durability. All the parameters mentioned are suitable for polyvinyl acetate paints with a water-based component, or they can also be called PVA. The attractiveness of these paints is due to their balanced composition in terms of price, quality and huge selection. To date construction stores ready to provide more than 30 colors with glossy and matte surfaces. The manufacturer focuses on GOST - 28196 89 among the presented paints, which have the best technical characteristics.

Polyvinylacetate compositions are an emulsion developed according to the "oil in water" pattern, where the main components are:

• Water based emulsion with polyvinyl acetate- the main component, it looks like thick viscous sour cream. Because the composition includes water, then it is worth remembering the freezing point at 0 ° C, there is also an unplasticized emulsion that can withstand 3-4 repetitions of complete freezing);
• Coloring pigments- give color to the glue;
• Stabilizers- a number of additives that improve technical characteristics;
• plasticizers- regulate physical and mechanical properties and are responsible for film formation.

The drying time of water-based paint is about 2-3 hours, keeping the temperature at 17-23 °C. After drying, a slightly porous semi-matte film layer is obtained on the surface.

The price of polyvinyl acetate paints is relatively low, since its composition is very simple, but you should know that they are afraid of moisture. Exceptionally in dry rooms, the composition reveals its potential by 100%.

Together with PVA paints, it is possible to use the color scheme of the desired color. This combination should be mixed according to the proportions in the instructions and the adhesive is ready for use.

Information: In fact, water-dispersion and water-based paint compositions are as close as possible to each other. After painting the surface with your own hands, the water included in the emulsion leaves, the plasticizers harden and become hydrophobic.

Operating procedure

As an instruction on how to work with polyvinyl acetate paints (PVA), we will provide a video in which craftsmen paint walls with similar paint:

Now a short squeeze for printout. Firstly, we check and select the coloring composition for suitability for use in this room or place. Secondly, we prepare the working area for painting: we remove dust and dirt, close up cracks and seams, wash the whitewashed surface, to save money, you can first apply a primer. Thirdly, we remove the dried lumps, stir the polyvinyl acetate paint, dilute the water-based composition with water according to the instructions, depending on the application method (brush, roller or). The final step is to apply several layers.

Advantages and disadvantages

The characteristics of PVA, depending on the added mass of the polymer substance, may vary, but as a rule, the following positive aspects connect them all:

• Easy to apply and dilute with water to the desired consistency;
• No toxins and bad smell;
• Fireproof;
• Resistant to a humid environment (not all because they are still water-based);
• Do not deteriorate under the sun, do not change color;
• High adhesion and good alkali resistance;
• Resistant to and fungus;
• Dry quickly.

The disadvantages of polyvinyl acetate paints are:

• Low temperatures (below +6 °C) have a detrimental effect on performance and the manufacturer does not recommend painting at such temperatures. In addition, at a temperature of 0 ° C and below, the paint may freeze at all;
• For interior decoration with a humid environment and outdoor work, it is necessary to select a suitable paint with a verstat or acrylate component;
• With the improvement of polyvinyl acetate, their cost rises due to more and more new additives;
• When applied to wooden surfaces, it is necessary to carefully prepare the rough layer. Such paints have a high surface tension, so wooden objects are first cleaned and polished several times.

Ceiling treatment with polyvinyl acetate water-based paints

Conclusion

The use of polyvinyl acetate paints for decoration makes it possible not to destroy the environmental component of the treated premises due to their water-based emulsion. After staining, you can immediately move in, there will be no sharp smell. The surface treated with paint "breathes". The painting process goes without problems.

Many people for interior decoration rooms choose water-based paint. This is due to its affordable price and good technical characteristics. To choose the right composition for certain repair and construction work, it is worth studying the main varieties and their features.

Specifications

Water based paint is emulsion of polymer particles. The latter do not dissolve in water and are able to turn into a dense film. Accordingly, the treated surface is smooth and even.

The water-based paint contains latex, a thickener, various fillers, and an antiseptic. Other components include plasticizers, antifreezes, defoamers, acrylate, etc. The presence of a certain substance depends on the application. It is also worth noting that in order to give a rich white tint, a small amount of sodium dioxide. In cheap materials, ordinary chalk is used for this purpose. In order for the water-based paint to obtain the necessary consistency, it is worth using a thickener, as well as CMC glue. The water base is demineralized water. As a rule, film-forming substances, fillers and plasticizers are provided in the composition in a ratio of 6:3:1.

If we talk about the consumption of 1 layer, then it will take about 150 ml/m² acrylic or other variety. Naturally, the number of layers of water-based paint directly depends on the absorbency of the surface.

Others to be mindful of specifications Oh.

• An important property is viscosity, which is measured using a viscometer.
• The specific gravity of acrylic and other paints is on average 135 kg/l.
• Drying time depends on humidity and air temperature. This figure is 2-24 hours.
• During painting, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of + 20 ° C, and the humidity in the room should be about 65%.

Advantages and disadvantages

Many people buy water-based paint because of its advantages:

The main disadvantage of this material is the impossibility of surface treatment at temperatures below +5°C.

Varieties of water-based paint

On sale you can find several types of compounds. They differ in their composition and some properties.

• The acrylic variety is recognized as the most common. Here the main component is represented by acrylic resins. Latex is also sometimes added. Thanks to this connection, the treated surface is not afraid of water. According to manufacturers, the wall can be washed at least 5000 times. If you apply acrylic paint in 2 layers, you will be able to mask irregularities of 1 mm in size. Such compositions are ideal for wooden, glass, concrete and brick surfaces. Acrylic material can also be used to process metal that has been previously primed.
• Silicone composition is quite expensive. This is due to the possibility of masking cracks with a width of 2 mm. It is worth noting that the coating is vapor-permeable, which means that you can not be afraid of fungus and mold.
• The silicate variety is a combination of aqueous solution pigments, as well as liquid glass. The service life of this material is at least 20 years. It is important to remember that such paint is not suitable for rooms with a high level of humidity.
• The mineral variety contains cement or slaked lime. A similar mixture is intended for processing brick and concrete surfaces. The disadvantage of the finishing material is its fragility.
• Polyvinyl acetate paint allows you to work even indoors. The cover is very durable. It is not afraid of the influence of direct sunlight, moisture and fats.

Features of applying paint

To independently process the walls, it is important mix properly. This must be done in accordance with the instructions. For kneading, you will need a small container where the composition is poured. Also, if necessary, add special pigments. Then the mixture is applied to the cardboard and wait for it to dry. This will help to accurately determine the shade.

The surface must be prepared before painting. To do this, remove the old lining and remove bumps and other defects. Then a layer of primer is applied. If we are talking about wall decoration, you need to take furniture out of the room and cover the floor with a film. In the case when the paint is applied to the wallpaper, 2 layers are enough. If there is only a primer, need 3 layers.

An airbrush will help facilitate the work. Thanks to this equipment, it will be possible to avoid smudges and gaps. Some experts prefer the roller. Naturally, in this case, you will have to apply more layers, because they will turn out thin. The most difficult thing is to use a brush, since the surface treatment will turn out to be of high quality only with experience and skill.

If you plan to finish the ceiling, special attention should be paid to the uniformity of the layers. To do this, the roller is dipped into the mixture and rolled out on a tray or linoleum. Next, you can start painting the ceiling. All stripes should be parallel and overlap each other by 2 cm. The surface will be perfectly painted if there is minimum 2-3 thin coats.

It is important to pay attention to the direction of painting. So, the very last layer must be placed towards the light source. Thanks to this, it will be possible to mask the heterogeneous structure of the coating. Lastly, corners, joints and other hard-to-reach places are processed. They are painted over using a small brush.

Methods for removing the composition

In some cases, it becomes necessary to remove the paint from the surface. The easiest way to do this is when using a polyvinyl acetate variety. Yes, that's enough sponge the wall dipped in soapy water. If it is an acrylic mixture, then you will have to make an effort using a spatula or other tool. This removal option is quite laborious and tedious. For this reason, some people prefer to use special washes that can be purchased at any hardware store.

Water-based paints are often used for interior decoration. Such material has excellent technical characteristics. It is completely safe and easy to use. Accordingly, it is possible to perform wall processing without even having the appropriate experience.

IN modern world environmental safety is highly valued building materials, their durability, ease of use and a minimum of time spent to implement all design ideas. Therefore, along with high quality oil paints water-based formulations are also widely used. Since the types of this finishing material also differ in the way they are used for different rooms and surfaces, before using them in repairs, you need to find out which type of such coating is right for you.

Peculiarities

The composition based on water includes various polymers or mineral particles, additives, tinting pigments. When painting any wall or ceiling surface, the water component dries up, leaving a polymer film or a film of mineral particles on the surface.

Emulsion paint does not have a strong chemical smell when dry. Such a magical property allows using this emulsion to work indoors and for people who are allergic to this type of building materials.

Advantages and disadvantages

The positive aspects of using this staining material include:

• It is very easy to apply on any pre-plastered surface - concrete, wood, gypsum concrete. Brushes and rollers are easily washed with water after use.
• This paint is easy to dilute, as the main solvent is water. Thanks to this dilution, it becomes safe and non-toxic, so it is recommended for interior work even in rooms with closed windows.
• It differs from all other types of paint in that it dries faster than all other types.
• After painting, there is no unpleasant smell in the room for many weeks, as after using other types of finishing materials.
• Water-based paints are distinguished by the fact that they are not subject to peeling, subject to all the rules of storage, application and preparation of the surface for painting.

• An important feature is environmental safety for humans. This coating is non-toxic, not harmful to humans, without a strong chemical odor.
• Dirt from surfaces painted with certain types of aqueous emulsion is easily washed off with water and any detergent.
• Also important features are incombustibility and increased resistance to various alkalis.
• Certain types of water emulsion are recommended for rooms with high humidity- for a bath or kitchen, but not only because they have an increased water-repellent ability, but also because they are breathable, as they easily pass air and steam through their layers.
• This type of paint has antibacterial characteristics.

• The service life depends on the specific type of paint. Currently, you can pick up one that will not lose its presentation for 20 years.
• Some types of water emulsion have such a density when stained that they easily mask cracks up to 2 mm.
• An aqueous emulsion is suitable for any interior solution, as it can be easily tinted even on its own, and the variety of colors and the possibility of using them in various percentages with paint gives such a range of colors and shades that allows you to realize all the dreams and fantasies of professional designers and amateurs in repairs.
• Low price and excellent quality allow VE paints to compete with many types of wall and ceiling finishes for any type of repair work.

This type of paint also has disadvantages:

• The use of a water emulsion is impossible at sub-zero temperatures, therefore the minimum temperature limit is up to +5 degrees Celsius. Already at 0 degrees it freezes and loses all its properties.
• Some types of paints have a short service life, but these types of emulsions are becoming rare and are being forced out of the market by more durable paints.
• Not always suitable for metal or glossy surfaces due to a large number water in their composition.

Specifications

By familiarizing yourself with the technical characteristics of a particular type of VE-paint, you can choose desired view for this particular surface.

When choosing, pay attention to the following factors:

• Composition. Depending on the fillers, thickeners, antiseptics contained in the aqueous solution, this paint may or may not be suitable for interior or exterior use, for wet or dry rooms.
• Application. What materials is this finishing material suitable for covering? Is it possible to paint wood, concrete, metal, enamel.
• Viscosity. How much and how to dilute VE paint.
• Consumption. Depends on the base material, its characteristics of absorption. Usually the consumption of the coloring emulsion is 200-400 ml per m2.

• Specific gravity. By the weight of the can, you can determine the quality of the paint. A good water emulsion has a density of about 1.5 kg per 1 liter. From this we can conclude that high-quality paint in a ten-liter jar will have a weight of about 15 kg.
• Temperature during staining and drying. What is the optimum operating temperature for this type of emulsion.
• Humidity allowed during painting and operation.

• Storage conditions. Maximum allowable high and low temperatures at which the paint does not lose its properties. You need to store it in a place where the direct rays of the sun do not fall, in which it is cool and dark.
• The expiration date of the paint in the bank.
• The service life of this type of paint on painted surfaces.

In order to choose the paint that is right for your case, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with existing species and their technical specifications.

Kinds

Water-based paints are of several types.

Polyvinyl acetate

These paints are the cheapest. Of the positive properties, it can be noted that they are resistant to sunlight and the effects of fats. Also, these types of coatings can be painted even indoors, they are non-toxic and safe due to their components. They include polyvinyl acetate, or, in a simple way, PVA glue.

But they are afraid of water, so surfaces painted with this type of paint cannot be washed. They are suitable only for rooms where it is dry and which are infrequently used.

After a while, this paint may turn yellow like old glue. Currently, this type is almost never used for repairs.

mineral

Also relatively inexpensive paints. They include calcium hydroxide, slaked lime or cement. This type can be painted on any surface, but they are best suited for concrete or brick surfaces. These water emulsions are characterized by high vapor permeability and do not suffer with a significant temperature drop.

The main negative characteristics - they quickly lose their original color, as they burn out and are damaged upon contact - they are erased, they have a short service life, so they are less and less used in interior work, more for facade decoration.

silicate

They include sodium silicate - liquid glass. These are relatively inexpensive paints. They are durable, strong, but only suitable for concrete and plaster walls. Tolerate temperature differences, vapor and breathable. But they are afraid of water, precipitation, as they are not waterproof, which means they are only useful for painting inside the house and only for dry rooms.

For rooms with high humidity, such as kitchens and bathrooms, this type of staining is not suitable. And this material does not fit well on metal, stone, glass and ceramics.

Acrylic

And although they are more expensive than mineral VE paints, the difference in price is various kinds paints and from different manufacturers allows you to choose the right finish for any wallet.

The main advantages of this type are water resistance, strength and resistance to mechanical abrasion, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, dirt-repellent characteristics. They are elastic, that is, they are applied easily and without smudges and have a high density when painting, so that they can repair cracks up to 1 mm. They have the lowest consumption of coloring emulsion when painting even in one layer. Suitable for any type of premises, as they are mostly washable.

Latex

These are latex-based or acrylate-based acrylic paints. Here, the composition of the acrylic emulsion includes latex. And because of this, they are relatively expensive. Latex gives acrylic paint increased water resistance. Surfaces painted with this type can be washed even with the use of detergents. They withstand 5 thousand wash cycles without losing color, brightness and water resistance.

This paint can be used on wood, concrete, brick, metal, plaster, drywall and structured wallpaper. Its composition is more elastic and covers any surface well. The double layer allows to repair cracks up to 1 mm. The paint dries quickly and is odorless, which means it is environmentally friendly and harmless to health. This type of coating can be used in swimming pools and bathrooms.

The only negative is that it is not vapor-permeable and condensation can appear on it. Also, this species is afraid of low temperatures - in cool rooms, the surface painted with latex paint may crack. It has poor resistance to the effects of the sun, fungi and bacteria.

Silicone

These coatings contain silicone silicone resins. They are suitable for ceilings. There are special types of silicone paints for ceilings that have increased adhesion to the surface, which means that they roll more easily on the ceiling and do not flow.

Due to the increased density, this type can mask cracks up to 2 mm. This type is considered antiseptic, as it has vapor and gas permeability, which prevents the formation of fungus and mold. Therefore, they are suitable for painting rooms with high humidity, especially for bathrooms and kitchens. The painted surface washes well.

Silicone paint can cover previously painted surfaces with other types of paints such as mineral, acrylic and silicone paints, except for oils. Even a black interior surface is effortlessly covered with two layers of paint, since the silicone water-based emulsion has a high hiding power.

The only surface that may not look very aesthetically pleasing over time is reinforced concrete. Rust spots may appear on the paint, as the reinforcement will begin to rust, so it is recommended that this surface be protected or used before painting. the new kind paints with anti-corrosion additives.

Which is better?

To choose a paint for coloring, you need to know its characteristics and take into account both price features and technical ones. You need to know what surface is at the base for painting, whether you will pre-prime it, what are the technical characteristics of this surface, whether it is outdoors or indoors, in which room, how long you need to paint and completely dry this surface.

Depending on all these parameters, you need to choose the right paint. You may not need the most expensive silicone water emulsion.

Mineral and acrylic dyes are more suitable for painting external surfaces. But surfaces painted with a mineral coating quickly lose their original color, although this coating is much cheaper than acrylic.

For painting indoors, you need to consider what needs to be painted - walls or ceiling or some wooden, metal, glass surfaces. The microclimate in this room is also important. For dry rooms, all types of water-based emulsions are suitable, you just need to keep in mind that polyvinyl acetate, although the cheapest, can turn yellow over time, mineral ones are easily erased on contact, and acrylic, latex and silicone are quite expensive. Silicate water emulsion is best for painting concrete or plastered surfaces. But for wallpaper for painting, it is not very suitable, here it is better to use latex.

For wet rooms, acrylic, latex and silicone paints are best suited. The only disadvantages of latex - it is afraid of low temperatures and is not vapor-permeable, does not protect against the appearance of condensate, as well as mold and mildew. All of these types are expensive.

All types of paint are also suitable for ceilings. Just keep in mind that for rooms with high humidity it is better to use mineral, acrylic, latex or silicone. At the same time, acrylic and silicone do not flow when stained and are more durable, although more expensive.

There are special silicone dyes for painting ceilings. Their composition is characterized by increased hiding power and drying speed, which means that it allows you to more accurately and easily paint the ceiling.

Application technology

Before applying water-based paint, the following points should be considered:

• How was the surface treated? If it has been primed, especially if the solution has been rubbed well over the surface of the base, then one applied layer of paint will be enough. It should be borne in mind that with each subsequent layer, the color of the painted surface becomes more intense.
• When dry, the color of the paint is slightly different from the color in the jar.
• Apply the second and subsequent layers only after the previous one dries. Usually the drying time is about 8 hours.
• Water-based paint should dry naturally, without drafts.

For staining, you can use any tool - a brush, a sponge, and a roller with a long nap. Short pile rollers are not used because they do not grip the right amount paint, and from the foam rollers, the water-based emulsion may bubble on the surface, as the foam rubber absorbs an excessive amount of paint. And after painting, the surface may look uneven and rough to the touch.

Mineral paints can be applied with a spray gun, spraying the paint over the surface. Also, this method is suitable for painting ceilings, wallpaper, radiators and any hard-to-reach surfaces and objects.

The choice of painting tool also depends on the expected effect. Even when working with a roller, the layer of paint that can be applied to the surface, that is, the intensity of the color, depends on the length of its pile. And also when working with a roller, you may need to use a paint brush - this will help when painting in corners and in hard-to-reach places.

A sponge is used when it is necessary to cover some objects or textured surfaces with paint, or to add texture using a thicker paint composition.

Usually start by painting the perimeter with a brush, and then use a roller. Any object is advised to start painting from top to bottom, this creates a surface without streaks and drips.

Before painting, it is desirable to protect untreated surfaces and glue masking tape on the baseboards, platbands and window sills along the border of staining. If the floors are already prepared for painting with varnish, then adhesive tape should also be glued on them so as not to complicate your subsequent work, because not completely wiped water emulsion can be seen through the varnish at the points where the walls come into contact with the floor, and in order to prepare an ideal surface for painting with varnish, it will take precious time. Also, in places of transition of one color to another, you can stick adhesive tape.

Please note that adhesive tape, even masking tape, must be removed immediately after painting this area. If the paint dries, then it will become impossible to remove it without damaging the painted surface.

If you paint ceilings, then you must first clean them of the old coating, then level the surface with putty and prime it. A primer is required, as it reduces the penetration of the paint into the base and increases the degree of hiding power. It is better to choose a primer from the same manufacturer as the paint, or one recommended by the paint manufacturer.

There is the following rule - if there is only one window in the room, then the painting of the ceiling begins parallel to the window from one wall to the other. The second time they paint perpendicularly - in the direction from the window to the wall opposite. That is, the last layer should always be painted towards the source of daylight. This helps to hide all the shortcomings of the main coverage. The paint is applied in parallel stripes, gently overlapping the previous one by 2-3 cm.

It is advisable to keep within half an hour when painting the entire surface, since after painting it will look uneven and sloppy. Where it is impossible to paint the surface with a roller - corners, joints, use a brush, carefully painting over all hard-to-reach surfaces. If there are two window openings in the room, then they paint twice from the window to the blank wall, placing two layers of paint perpendicular to each other.

When painting walls and ceilings that are plastered and primed, two coats of paint are usually used, and when applying a water-based coating on paper wallpaper- one layer. Therefore, when buying paint, keep in mind that for puttied surfaces you need three times large quantity paints than for wallpapered ones.

VE-paint on the walls sets in about 10-15 minutes, therefore, to avoid a visible border when drying, you need to paint quickly. Painting starts from the corner, painting it with a brush from top to bottom with a strip of 5 cm wide. Then they paint it with a roller, after squeezing it against a special painting cuvette or an even piece of linoleum, plywood, wood. The paint is applied from top to bottom in a continuous strip, going to the next one by 5-8 cm. This helps to get rid of the visible boundaries of the paint application. When a distance equal to one width of the roller remains to the second corner, then the corner of this wall must be painted over with a brush. If you are going to roll the second wall next, then immediately paint over the corner of the second wall with a brush.

How to breed?

If it is written on the paint can that it must first be diluted with water, then it is advisable to do this, since then the paint will acquire exactly the desired viscosity and consistency, which will allow you to easily and accurately apply it to the surface.

Most often, a high-quality water emulsion is sold in white and is tinted to the desired shade either on its own or in a store using special equipment. In this case, a color scheme is used, which can also be purchased at the store.

If you are tinting yourself, then make a margin of ten percent more than the main amount, as in the future it may be useful to update the surface.

It is best to dilute a small amount of tinted paint first to check how it will look on the painted surface after drying. The color of the paint is slightly different when completely dry from what we see in the can or during the tinting process. If the expiration dates, storage conditions have been violated, if the paint is frozen, you must also first see how it will lie on the surface.

When using a device such as a spray gun for painting, it should be taken into account that diluting the paint with plain water is not suitable, since after complete drying a white coating may remain on the surface. Therefore, water emulsions for paint sprayers are diluted with either distilled water, or alcohol, or ether.

It is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations of manufacturers for dilution of paint so that it is not too thick or too liquid. If this is not done, then the surface may be painted carelessly. A thicker paint creates the effect of "shagreen" skin, shrinks, looks like poor-quality whitewash, and a more liquid one gives ugly streaks.

It should be borne in mind that after 15-20 minutes the paint begins to thicken and in order to paint the second layer it must be diluted again directly in the cans of the spray gun. The diluted paint should look like fatty milk.

How to delete?

Sometimes before a new painting it is necessary to remove the previous layer of finish. If before that there was PVA-based paint - polyvinyl acetate or mineral, then it can be removed with a sponge with an aqueous soapy solution.

To remove acrylic or silicone VE paint, use tools such as a spatula or an angle grinder disc. You can remove the previous layer with a chisel. This is an almost silent way, but very tiring. Also often used building hair dryer by heating the old finish and removing it with a spatula. Now special washes on a chemical basis are on sale. It is necessary to apply it to the paint, gradually it will be absorbed and destroy the old layer.

Manufacturers

The production of water-based paint has been established for a long time and is widely represented on the market.

As a wear-resistant, as well as easy-to-apply alternative to water-based formulations, we recommend rubber paint. As an interior material for walls and ceilings, such a coating primarily attracts with ease of cleaning from grease and other contaminants. This is especially useful for families with small children, as markers or watercolor marks can be easily removed. The coating is environmentally friendly, safe for health and odorless. However, you should beware of inexpensive rubber paints, where the price reduction is achieved by the presence of styrene-acrylic latex in the composition. With regular exposure to the sun (namely, UV rays) or water, the coating begins to crack and collapse. In a living room on the sunny side, even one month of operation is enough for such consequences.

Styrene-acrylic latex is absent, for example, in the durable rubber paint "Mizar" Rezolux Universal. The service life declared by the manufacturer is up to 10 years. In addition, due to the increased water resistance, the material can be used to cover walls even in bathrooms and toilets. The advantage of "Mizar" Rezolux Universal in comparison with analogues lies in the increased hiding power, the paint consumption per square centimeter of the surface is about 150 grams. This is about four times lower than the popular Super Decor Rubber. Thus, with the same area, the cost of purchasing Mizar products will be four times lower.

It should be noted that Mizar, a St. Petersburg manufacturer, has been producing coatings for 12 years, special attention is paid to achieving the best key parameters along with the lowest price among all foreign and domestic analogues. For these reasons, the company constantly wins tenders for the supply of materials for enterprises of the State Defense Order. The company is known for its products adapted to extreme operating conditions, with increased mechanical stress, low / high temperatures and exposure to aggressive chemical environments. In the past few years, defense customer enterprises in tenders instead of parameters-requirements for paintwork materials immediately indicated specific Mizar products. This is a clear sign that the experience gained confirmed the correctness of the choice in favor of the materials of this particular company from St. Petersburg.

You can choose any unknown manufacturer, perhaps with a lower price policy, or you can spend money on higher quality paints from well-known manufacturers such as Dulux, Dufa or "Tex". In their palette there are paints of all kinds and purposes, both matte and glossy, as well as semi-matte and semi-gloss. These manufacturers have confirmed their reputation for being on the market for sales and the quality of their products.

How to paint the walls with water-based paint, see the following video.

modern renovation or construction works it is difficult to imagine without the use of water-based paints, which are currently one of the most popular types of paints and varnishes. But even before the middle of the 20th century, little was known about these paints and it was necessary to use oil and enamel paints that were harmful and inconvenient to use and store. Now they have been replaced by water-based paints, which are intended both for interior painting work and for exterior painting of buildings and structures. These paints fit perfectly on almost any surface, including brick, concrete, wood, plaster. At the same time, the painted surface acquires an attractive and neat appearance, and characteristic of other paints and varnishes bad smell missing.

It will be useful for everyone who has already tried or is just going to use water-based paints to learn a few interesting facts about the composition of these paints, the types and characteristics of the polymers used, their performance characteristics and recommendations for use. No less interesting and useful will also be information about the history of the creation of water-based paints.

The history of the creation of water-dispersion paints

The first scientific research in the field of creating VD paints dates back to the beginning of the 20th century, when the famous German chemist Fritz Klatte discovered polyvinyl acetate, better known as PVA glue. It was PVA, or rather its dispersion, that became the basis of water-dispersed paints that appeared already in the 1920s. Later, a second type of dispersion, styrene-butadiene, was developed in Germany.

However, the development of this industry was significantly slowed down by a series of world wars. When military passions subsided, and it became necessary to rebuild and restore the destroyed cities, work on the creation of water-dispersion paints resumed. And by the end of the 40s, acrylic paints were developed, which were originally intended for artists and were produced in small tubes. These paints, unlike modern acrylic paints, were dissolved not with water, but with white spirit or turpentine. But already in 1960, the American artist Leonard Boku created the first water-soluble acrylic paint, thanks to which its scope expanded significantly.

In the USSR, water-dispersion paints based on styrene-butadiene and acrylic did not appear on store shelves until the 90s, when they first began to be imported from abroad. The Soviet industry was limited only to the production of polyvinyl acetate paints, which were used for industrial needs. Therefore, with the advent of acrylic water-based emulsion paints on the market, manufacturers and consumers faced a difficult task - to learn how to properly produce and use these products.

Composition and characteristics of the main components of water-based paint

In the generalized case, the composition of water-based paint includes the smallest particles of polymers that are suspended in an aqueous medium. Manufacturers add a variety of substances to this base, which determine the specific brand and properties of the paint. So, for example, thickeners, antiseptics, dispersants and plasticizers, as well as antifreezes, defoamers and other additives can be added to the composition of paints.

The final ratio of the various components will depend mainly on the purpose of the water-based paint. Polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylate, acrylate or versatate can be used as a film former in the composition of the paint. Since the paint initially has White color, a white pigment is specially introduced - zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. For inexpensive paints, chalk can be used, which additionally acts as a filler. For the same purpose, barite, calcite, talc, mica are used, but more often the filler is made complex by adding several minerals at once. To give the paint the desired consistency, a special thickener is added. Most often, CMC glue is used for this purpose - carboxymethyl cellulose. All this a complex system various components of the paint is in a solvent, the role of which is performed by demineralized water.

Depending on the brand of paint, the proportions of the occurrence of individual components also change. However, in general, the composition of water-based paint has the following percentages by weight: film former - 50% (water dispersion 50-60%), pigments and fillers - 37%, plasticizers - 7%, other additives - 6%.

Characteristics of water-based paint depending on the type of film former

As a binder polymer in the composition of water-based paints, five types of film formers can be used, which largely determine the advantages and disadvantages of a particular type of paint.

Water-based paints based on polyvinyl acetate are considered the least quality. Such paints are marked "VD-VA" and have a very narrow scope. For domestic purposes, during repair or construction, these paints are not used, since over time they turn yellow, and the painted surface is covered with a dense and opaque film. In addition, VD-VA paints are not waterproof.

Unlike PVA-based paints, styrene-butadiene water-based paints are resistant to moisture, but also form a dense film and do not tolerate exposure to sunlight. For marking these paints, the abbreviation "VD-KCh" is used.

Paints based on styrene-acrylate are labeled "VD-AK". These paints are significantly superior in quality to PVA and styrene-butadiene paints, which allows them to be applied to external and internal surfaces. Due to the small size of polymer particles, VD-AK paints have excellent adhesion to almost all types of surfaces, and the penetration of particles into the pores on the painted surface increases strength. Such paints form a porous coating that is resistant to moisture and solar radiation.

Water-based paints "VD-AK" can also be made on the basis of acrylate. The cost of such paints is somewhat higher than paints based on styrene-acrylate, but the acrylate coating is more resistant to weathering and provides better rigidity of the painted surface.
The latest development is VD-AK paints based on versatat. This polymer is not inferior in quality to acrylic paints, but at the same time its cost is lower than that of acrylic polymer.

Water-based paints: production stages

The technology for the production of water-based paint includes 4 main stages:
. Connection of an aqueous polymer dispersion with a pigment and a filler;
. Dispersion of pigment paste;
. Entering additional components;
. Filtration of the finished mixture and packaging.

In the process of dispersion, fine grinding of liquid or solid bodies occurs. This method is used to obtain aerosols, suspensions, powders and emulsions. This procedure is carried out in special dispersants - ball and bead mills. When operating the machine in vertical and horizontal working chamber components are crushed. This is achieved using a shaft with discs that accelerate metal beads (up to 4 mm in diameter) or steel balls (more than 30 mm in diameter). The more specific gravity and the hardness of the balls, the more intense the dispersion.

After dispersion, the resulting pigment mass is placed in a dissolver with a frame mixer installed in it. The rotation of the agitator prevents sticky and thick components from settling on the bottom and walls of the dissolver. During this process, the paint composition is finally brought to standard quality characteristics. As a rule, each operation takes approximately 20-30 minutes, but this time may vary depending on the technical characteristics of the dispersant, dissolver, and also on the volume and characteristics of the mixture components.

The final stage is the filtration and packaging of the finished paint. At the same time, the entire production process must be carried out at a temperature not lower than + 5 ° C so that the paint does not lose its properties.

Water-based paints: main advantages and disadvantages

Characteristics, and, consequently, the positive and negative qualities of water-based paints are determined by the type and amount of polymer binder. However, regardless of the type of film former, all water-based paints compare favorably with other paints and varnishes in that they are environmentally friendly and non-toxic. In addition, when working with them, there is practically no smell. Water-based paints are easy to dilute with water, they are not flammable, and accidental drops can be easily removed with a damp cloth. The coating of water-based paints is strong, elastic and durable - without significant shedding and wear, the paint can last up to 15 years, and due to the ease of introducing dyes, it can be independently tinted to the desired color. For additional benefits acrylic paints resistance to moisture and ultraviolet should be attributed, as well as resistance to yellowing, which allows the coating to retain its original color and gloss for a long time.
However, water-based paints also have their drawbacks. So, unlike oil and alkyd paints, it is possible to store and carry out painting work with water-based paints only if the air temperature is above + 5 ° C. With more low temperatures the paint is unevenly distributed and takes a long time to dry. The cost of water-based paints is higher than the price of alternative paints and varnishes, but it must be borne in mind that working with water-dispersion paints and cleaning stains is much easier and more pleasant than with solvent-based paints.

Choosing a quality water-based paint

When choosing a paint, pay special attention to the following points:

Scope - the type of water-dispersion paint will depend on the type of work for which the paint is purchased, and under what conditions the coloring will be carried out. There are paints for external and internal works, for damp and dry rooms.

Appearance - water-based paints can give a glossy, matte or silky-matte finish. For ceilings and wallpapers, matte and silky-matt paints are best, but they are not as resistant to wear as glossy surfaces.

Color - most often, water-dispersion paints are white. In this case, the quality of the color of the paint can be assessed by the degree of whiteness. If high-quality and expensive pigments were used in the production, then the paint will eventually have an exclusively white color, without shades and streaks. The desired color of the paint can be given with the help of special colors.

Hiding power - the consumption of paint, as well as the number of applied layers, will depend on this indicator. You can roughly estimate the hiding power by calculating the density of the paint. To do this, the mass is divided by the volume of paint. On average, the density of high-quality paint should be 1.5 kg / l.

Marking - depending on the binder polymer, paints are marked "VD-VA", "VD-KCh" and "VD-AK". After letter designation followed by a number that indicates the area of ​​​​application of the paint - "1" for external work and "2" for internal work.

Manufacturer and price - offered in stores wide range water-dispersed paints of domestic and foreign manufacturers. Trust your choice better themes companies that have experience in the production of paints for at least 3 years, and have already earned the trust of consumers. The price of water-based paint depends primarily on the current price of the constituent components. At the same time, you should not look for cheap options, since in this case there is a high probability of acquiring low-quality paint. You should focus on a price of at least 1 USD. per liter of paint.

As with other paints and varnishes, before you start painting with water-based paint, you must carefully prepare the surface to be painted - clean it of dirt, dust and residues of the previous paint. Surface irregularities are also desirable to be leveled with putty, and then sanded.
When carrying out painting work in cold weather, the can of paint is preliminarily kept indoors for at least 24 hours, and then the can is opened and any films and inclusions are removed from the paint surface. It is better to paint immediately 10% more paint by volume than was previously calculated, since the real consumption always exceeds that specified by the manufacturer, and it will not be possible to precisely tint the additional volume of paint.

If you first apply a layer of primer to the surface, then during painting you can significantly reduce the consumption of water-dispersed paint.