home steps

Heat supply to the building is carried out through the homeowners association. How does IT work in an apartment building? How does an automated central heating unit work?

Individual heating points (IHP) include separate small buildings or isolated rooms in which they are located. different elements equipment that supplies heat to buildings (points of consumption).

The object allows:

connect to a centralized heat supply network, water supply, electricity;
use different coolants;
modify the structure at any time;
manage the level of thermal energy consumption;
set modes.

Such installations show high efficiency, long service life and convenience. Power supply is necessary for the operation of pumping units.

What is included in the general tasks of the system

The purpose of an individual heating point is to perform a number of tasks and functions.

The purpose of use is to provide premises:

good ventilation;
hot water;
heating the premises of residential buildings, municipal administrations, as well as - manufacturing enterprises, organizations and entire complexes.

The objectives are the following - the ITP must:

Consider how much heat and its carrier are consumed.
Protect the heating system from excess coolant in the parameters. Otherwise, this may lead to emergency situations.
Promptly shut down consumer systems.
Evenly distribute the flow of coolant within the system.
Carry out control and regulatory functions over liquid circulating through pipes and radiators.
Ensure the successful conversion of one coolant to another. For example, make the transition from water to antifreeze or propylene glycol.

If we talk about small installation options, they are quite suitable for servicing a residential building for one average family, or a small building for an office, office, etc. When it comes to large-scale structures, they already supply heat for apartment buildings and large buildings. Such points and power have a large 50 kW - 2 MW.

Advantages of individual heating points

The advantages of well-coordinated operation of an automated ITP converter include:

Obvious savings in cash costs - 40-60% less than the costs of maintaining and using the installation alone.
Reduced thermal energy consumption by 30% when compared with non-automated points.
The accuracy of setting modes reduces heat loss by up to 15%.
Quiet operation.
Compact installation and its connection with the load. For example, an aggregate system with a capacity of up to 2 Gcal/h will have an area of only 25-30 sq.m.
Convenience of placement - can be equipped basement any building.
Automation of the work process, which leads to a reduction in staff numbers.
Service operators do not necessarily have to be highly qualified in their position.
The ability to set optimal modes on different days - holidays, weekends, during periods of difficult weather conditions.

Such points effectively save energy and serve as a means of ensuring comfort in the room. Manufacturers often produce such systems to order, which allows them to be designed individually as conveniently as possible.

Metering devices

Metering devices allow you to correctly calculate the volumes of consumed thermal energy that are necessary for the settlement interaction between the enterprise providing services and the subscriber consuming them. This eliminates the risk of heat suppliers overestimating load values. Metering devices are needed for the following operations:

Creating comfortable relationships between the company and subscriber clients in the form of accurate mutual settlements.
Maintaining a documented history of the operating parameters of the system (pressure, coolant flow, and temperature).
Rational use of the entire energy supply system - hydraulics, thermal conditions and control over it.

The metering device has the following equipment:

counter;
pressure gauge and tanometer;
converters - for flow and supply;
filter (mesh-magnetic).

How to service:

The reading device is turned on and readings are taken.
Conduct analysis.
Find out the reasons for the failures.
Check seals for integrity.
They do the analysis again.
Check and compare temperature readings using thermometers on the pipelines.
Checking ground contacts.
Adding oil to liners.
Cleaning filters and other areas from dirt and dust.

Structural diagram

Design units:

accounting device;
input from the heating network;
connection points - ventilation, heating, hot water;
area for matching pressure between supply and consumption levels;
independent power supply circuit from heating or ventilation (selected as an additional option).

Types of IPT by type of thermal energy consumption systems

Systems can be used standard, or combined. So classic options selection of heat supply systems are as follows: general scheme AND SO ON:

Heating function.
Hot water supply.
Combination of two functions - heating and hot water supply (DHW).
Combination of hot water supply and warm ventilation.

Focus of ITP	System Description	Additionally
Heating only	Scheme type – independent: Twin pump; Power supply from the return pipeline of the heating network.	Hot water block; Metering devices and other components.
	Circuit type – parallel, single-stage: Heat exchanger – 2 pcs. 50% load, plate; Group of pumping units.	Heating unit; Metering devices and more.
Heating + hot water	Type of heating circuit – independent, for hot water supply – independent, two-stage: Plate heat exchanger with 100% load; Pump groups; Feeding from the return pipeline of the heating network by a pump; Metering device; 2 plate heat exchangers (for DHW); Power supply from cold water supply (for DHW).	At the request of the customer
Heating + DHW + Ventilation	Independent circuits, DHW - independent and parallel, 1-stage: For ventilation, a plate heat exchanger with a load of 100% is built in; For DHW – 2 plate heat exchangers, 50% load each; Group of pumping units; Feeding – return pipeline and cold water for DHW.	Metering devices

On what principle does the point operate?

The most common ITP connection scheme is independent heating and independent closed system DHW. The operating principle for an individual heat supply object consists of the following processes:

The supply pipeline supplies the point with coolant, which, in turn, releases thermal energy to heaters and ventilation.
Next, the carrier rushes to the return pipeline, and then, for reuse, to the main line of the enterprise, where primary heat generation occurs.
What volume of coolant is consumed by consumption points to replenish heat losses.
Water (cold) from the water supply flows through the pump through the pipes. Then part is heated and flows into the DHW circulation circuit, part is given to consumption points.
Hot water, circulating through the system, gradually heats the containers (radiators, pipes), which release heat.

Documents for Energonadzor

In order for the commissioning to be successfully approved, the following package of papers is provided to the Energonadzor service:

technical specifications, certificate for connecting the installation by the energy supply organization;
project, approvals;
acts of responsibility, system readiness, acceptance of work performed, hidden work, flushing of the system, approval for safe operation;
ITP passport;
certificate of readiness of the item;
a certificate stating that an agreement has been concluded with the energy supply company;
a list of persons responsible for system maintenance and repair;
an order that a responsible person assigned to the ITP has been appointed;
certificate of a welding specialist (copy);
quality certificates for components and elements;
instructions for positions to ensure fire and operational safety;
operating instructions for the item;
instrumentation journal, where work orders, tolerances, defects, etc. are noted;
work order for connecting heating networks to ITP.

ITP service personnel must have qualifications, but they are not required high level. Therefore, all operators allowed to use and maintain the point are trained. During periods of shutdown of the water supply system, pumps are not allowed to run. Pressure gauge readings should be regularly monitored, the pressure threshold monitored, and adjusted according to the diagram and instructions. It is also extremely important to prevent overheating of electric motors, increased levels of vibration and noise. When closing the valves, there is no need to make excessive efforts; disassembling the regulators during a pressure surge is strictly prohibited. Before use, the inside of the system must be flushed.

The abbreviation ITP, in the terminology of heating engineering specialists, means an individual heating point for civil and industrial buildings. Each such building can have several ITPs, and an additional unit for metering coolant flow.

Heating points have a specific purpose, providing distribution heat flow(coolant), from the central or local heating network, to the end consumer. The latter can be: the entrance of a house or a residential section, a zone industrial building. ITP is configured in accordance with consumer requirements and provides automatic control of a complex of heating, ventilation and hot water supply (DHW) systems.

Operating principle of an individual heating point

In general, the mechanism of operation of the IHP can be represented as a multi-link system in which the coolant supplied from the heating network is converted in accordance with the parameters required by consumers. At the same time, it represents a complex operating principle under the control of a controller, mechanical, hydraulic and other coolant distribution processes.

Each ITP has its own scheme, which is based on consumers and coolant sources. The most common scheme involves a closed hot water system and a universal principle for connecting heating systems. In more detail, the operating principle of the IHP is represented by a reusable number of coolant supply and return cycles.

Initially, the ITP receives coolant through the thermal input pipeline, which is then distributed between the domestic hot water supply, heating and ventilation systems of consumers. Then, it enters the output pipeline and is sent to the heat generation source (CHP or boiler room), where a new supply cycle begins.

During the distribution process, losses of coolant are inevitable, since consumers partially bear it. Taking this fact into account, the primary source uses its own sources of coolant replenishment from water treatment systems.

The operating principle of hot water supply is similar to the general one, but has its own specifics. So, initially, through the pumps of cold water systems, cold water enters the heating point, then it is subject to distribution. Part of the water goes to consumers, and the other part enters the hot water supply system, which in turn also represents a closed circuit. The DHW system has several readiness levels. Part of the water from the pumps enters the first stage heater (first level) and only then into the closed loop of the local hot water network.

Being under continuous pressure from the DHW pumps, water circulates from the ITP to the end consumers, who select it as needed. There is also a heat loss factor here, which is why the second level is provided (second-stage heater). With its help, the desired temperature of hot water is maintained.

The same scheme is used for the movement of coolant in the IHP heating system. Under the influence of the heating circuit pumps, it circulates in it. Here, the problem of heat loss is solved by powering the IHP from the primary heating network.

Special mention should be made of metering devices, since they perform important role in the work of ITP. They are represented by a modular set of devices embedded in pipelines and creating conditions for the rational consumption of heat resources.

Thus, having analyzed the functioning system of several local IHP systems, and their interaction with the primary source of coolant production, we get an idea of the complex process of supplying heat to our homes.

As standard, the individual circuit diagram heating point consists of two modules - a heating system and a hot water supply system. Having received the coolant from the centralized heating system, the IHP sets the necessary thermal parameters in the building’s heating system, and also prepares and supplies hot water to the premises.

The source of heat for ITPs are heat generating enterprises (boiler houses, combined heat and power plants). ITP is connected to heat sources and consumers through heat networks. The source of water for cold and hot water supply systems is water supply networks.

A modern block individual heating point is a tool with which consumers can ensure stable and economical heat supply to buildings. By “customizing” the equipment in accordance with their preferences, the owners of residential buildings can achieve the level of thermal comfort that they need.

IMPORTANT! The load on the building's electrical network will increase slightly after installation, since the power of the ITP equipment is equivalent to the power of one electric kettle(2-3 kW).

Key components of ITP

A thermal energy meter that takes into account the consumption of thermal energy for heating and hot water supply, as well as an internal DHW metering unit for distributing the heat energy consumed by an apartment building.
A control panel that regulates the preparation and heating of hot water in accordance with a given program and readings from the outdoor temperature sensor.
Hot water control valve with actuator and heat exchanger ensuring constant required hot water temperature.
A heating control valve with an actuator and a heat exchanger that provide high-quality heating in accordance with the temperature schedule and taking into account the readings of the outside air temperature sensor.
Hot water pumps and heating systems that circulate water in hot water supply and heating systems.
A differential pressure regulator that maintains constant pressure on the primary side of the IHP, improving the quality of heat supply and increasing the service life of heating equipment.
Expansion tank (installed depending on the type of building) that fills the building heating system when the coolant temperature changes

Applied solutions

The district heating system (DH) circuit and the house circuit are separated.
The temperature from the thermal power plant/boiler house to the consumer is constant.
The building's heating and hot water system consumes as much heat from the central heating system as needed.
Individual approach to adjusting the heat supply mode.

The dissatisfaction of the owners of some apartments regarding the quality of heating services is understandable. The heat in the house sometimes disappears. It seems that no one controls heat metering. The room temperature is almost impossible to regulate. The heating is turned on too late in the fall, which means you have to freeze. Apartment heating metering is not very helpful.

And in the spring, when the temperature outside the window changes very much, the heat from the radiators does not adjust to it and the meters do not contribute to this. Another disadvantage of centralized heating is the very high cost. Utility workers keep apartment-by-apartment heating records in new buildings. But our desires are simple: in cold weather we want warmth, and when warm spring days Do not get fried by air from radiators. And the requirements of SNiP should contribute to this.

There may be several solutions to this problem. The most radical way is to move to a private house, where all communications are under your control (in accordance with SNiP). Another way is to install heat meters and supply regulators on central heating radiators.

However, this point cannot always be implemented and it will not be able to smooth out all the shortcomings of the general heat supply. Accounting is not regulation. If you calculate everything well, you can provide yourself with individual heating in an apartment building.

An autonomous heating point may look different, but must comply with SNiP. You can find various models of autonomous heating systems on the market: from conventional heat guns to sophisticated complexes that operate on renewable energy sources. And formalize your decision to refuse by law central heating will be problematic.

Let's start by considering the most categorical method - disconnecting from the centralized heating supply. This seems logical: what is the point of paying for two heat sources at the same time? Why pay for heat supplies from housing and communal services (whether there are meters or not) and maintain your own point?

First of all, you have to physically remove all paths of coolant passage through the apartment without violating SNiP. But before this, you should obtain permission from the heat supply organization.

In houses with a new layout, this is much easier to achieve (new SNiPs are in force). If a wiring diagram has been created in the house, in which heat is supplied separately to each of the apartments, then if you have a heat meter, you simply need to turn off the heat supply. This is done using an individual valve with which the meters are equipped. In this case, you will not be billed for heating.

If houses were built back in Soviet times, then disconnecting from the central heat supply is not an easy task. This is all due to the fact that the projects did not provide for individual heating supply. You can't even install heat meters here. SNiP did not require this. Therefore, it is impossible to completely remove heating pipes in apartments on non-extreme floors.

And in apartments on the top floor, where the edges of the risers are located, it is possible to equip your own heating point instead of a common one, if you do not violate SNiP. The owner of one of these apartments removed all heating appliances. To do this, he needed the help of a design organization to draw up a work plan and licensed builders to directly work with the pipes.

During such alterations, you need to make sure that the central heating pipes do not release heat into your room (meters will no longer be needed). The circuit can be closed in the floor screed using metal-plastic pipes, as required by SNiP. This material gives off a minimum of heat through its walls. This solution made it possible to maintain heat in the remaining apartments.

When the refurbishment work is completed, you need to obtain a certificate of commissioning of the residential premises and register for special registration. The document must indicate it new scheme heating With this paper, you should go to your management company and demand that the line for heat supply be excluded from your receipts.

How to install your own heating supply point

In parallel with the work of disconnecting from the general heating source, it is worth resolving the issue of choosing an individual heat supply system. The choice will depend on the presence or absence of gasification at home. If the high-rise building only has electricity, then you can use a common solution - installing heated floors. Such a transfer will result in the need to keep records of consumed electricity. They can be installed in all rooms and have separate adjustments for each room.

You can entrust the control of the heat supply to automation, then it will depend on the actual temperature in the room. Even a novice master can install such a system. However, one important technical problem remains to be solved. Existing electrical wiring made from aluminum wires may not be able to withstand this load. In this case, you will have to run a new copper cable to each room from the distribution panel (where the meters are located) through an individual machine.

Converting heating to liquid and solid fuel boilers is a bad option. They will require a special point for themselves and the fuel. And keep coal, diesel fuel, firewood, etc. in the apartment. unacceptable according to the rules fire safety. No one will give permission for such storage. In addition, it will be inconvenient to deliver all this to your home.

If your house is gasified, then it is better to prefer switching the heating to a system with a gas boiler. You yourself will keep track of the resource spent. This is a common option also for the reason that for many, hot water comes to the tap from a gas heater. The central part of the new heating system will be a gas boiler with two water circuits. Installing this item is not difficult; you do not need to create gas ducts for this. If desired, gas meters can be installed.

Oxygen enters the boiler from street air, and exhaust gases exit through the ventilation system. It is equipped with reliable electronics that will automatically control its operation. You do not need to monitor temperature maintenance and other characteristics. The compact and practical device will serve for many years.

Where to put the apartment heating point?

You can create a coolant heating point only in a special room. There are certain requirements for the boiler room:

Area from 4 sq. m. The door to the point must have a width of 0.8 m.
Having a window that looks out onto the street.
In some cases, the presence of forced ventilation.
Fastening the boiler to a non-combustible wall surface. Otherwise, it is necessary to provide a reliable layer of non-combustible material.
The distance between the boiler and other gas and heating equipment must be at least 0.3 m.

Compliance with these simple SNiP requirements will avoid problems with registering the system. Apartment-by-apartment metering of heat supply will no longer be important to you.

ITP service in apartment building carried out by specialized staff with skills in this profession.

A large number of indicators are needed to calculate schedules, productivity and cost-effectiveness results for payments in housing and communal services. Failure to provide this information will not result in the plan being processed. In addition, without coordinating the heating station, they will not provide permission for use. Residents receive the following benefits:

High reliability of equipment performance for maintaining t;
Heating is carried out taking into account the position of the external air;
Service costs for housing and communal services are reduced;
Automation makes it easier to provide subjects;
Costs for restoration and the number of employees are reduced;
Saving Money for the consumption of heat energy from the central contractor (numerous boiler houses, also thermal power plants and, accordingly, central heating stations);

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Savings thanks to this facility

The latest ITPs make it possible to significantly save energy reserves. And ITP maintenance has a positive effect on this point. All residents can gain good economic benefits. In addition, cases in which the cost of energy reserves is unreasonably inflated or the overspending is distributed among all apartment owners are completely excluded.

In case of aroused interest in equipping the subject, the points necessary to pass in this case should be highlighted:

Install UUTE;
Change the heating infrastructure to automatic variation to stabilize heat output without involving additional employees from the management institution;
Transfer to a closed heat supply infrastructure;
Install a temporary relay according to the daily regime, with the need for heat for the building's residents;

As a result, you gain complete independence with the help of automatic coolant supply. Residents themselves can organize a specific regime and degree of energy consumption. Which contributes to efficiency of about 35-40 percent.

How the object works

The IHP is supplied with liquid from the city heating line of the boiler room. The water reaches the required t through the heating structure and is then delivered to the apartments. The coolant cycle ends when the liquid is returned through the pipes to the boiler room for secondary use.

Due to the fact that the subject is a very complex technical device, and the maintenance of an individual heating point in the house needs to be checked. It is necessary to ensure that the components of the heating infrastructure, ventilation, inspection and stabilization of the thermal fluid are in working position. High-quality support will allow the entity to maintain its activities for a long period, and residents will be able to save money.

Cost of servicing ITP in an apartment building

Category	Characteristics, composition of equipment	Basic tariff, rub/month
Category 1	Dependent heating system	from 8 000
Category 2	Dependent heating system + pump mixing unit	from 14 000
Category 3	Dependent heating system + hot water	from 16 000
Category 4	Independent system heating (CH+DHW 1 zone)	from 25 000
Category 5	Independent heating system (CH+DHW 2 zones)	from 30 000
Category 6	a) Independent heating system (CH+DHW 1 zone+dependent ventilation);	from 32 000
Category 6	b) Independent heating system (CH+DHW 1 zone+ventilation according to an independent scheme)	from 32 000
Category 7	a) Independent heating system (CH+DHW 2 zones+dependent ventilation);	from 35 000
Category 7	b) Independent heating system (CH+DHW 2 zones+ventilation according to an independent scheme)	from 35 000

How to set up a private object

Simultaneously with the actions to disconnect from a single primary heating source, it is necessary to select a personal heat supply infrastructure. The selection may depend on the presence or absence of a building’s gas pipeline. If the building only has electrification, then insulated floors can be installed.

Coordination of heat supply can be entrusted to automation, in this case it is determined by the actual t in the room. Even a novice specialist can install this structure.

Calculate the cost of servicing ITP in an apartment building for you

How installation saves money

Saving throughout the entire structure to reduce heat waste is very useful, especially in our conditions. Therefore it is necessary to carry out Maintenance ITP as often as possible. To the primary actions that are associated with the formation of the building’s heat supply for apartment building, it is necessary to include:

Statement of UUTE

As such, metering is not considered a way to reduce heat consumption. But from practice it is clear that installing these devices makes it possible to obtain a good economic result.

Automatic delivery of thermal fluid

Changing the heating configuration device to the current one solves the stabilization of heat delivery to the heating configuration (ventilation), based on the temperature of external air with the probability of daily equalization and equalization for weekends and holidays in automatic mode.

Conversion to a closed heat supply scenario

Modernization of a subject with a transfer to a closed heat supply scenario makes it possible to save money by adjusting the indicators of coolant delivery to the surrounding heating configuration due to the elimination of heating of premises in excess of the norm.

Installation of a temporary relay for a circulating pump

Stabilizes the thermal output of the heating structure in proportion to the daily regime; the pump does not operate at night, but instantly supplies the required fluid values in the morning of an apartment building.

BTP - Block heat station - 1 var. - this is a compact thermal-mechanical installation of complete factory readiness, located (placed) in a block container, which is an all-metal supporting frame with fencing made of sandwich panels.

IHP in a block container is used to connect heating, ventilation, hot water supply and technological heat-using installations of an entire building or part of it.

BTP - Block heating point - 2var. It is manufactured in a factory and supplied for installation in the form of ready-made blocks. May consist of one or more blocks. The block equipment is mounted very compactly, usually on one frame. Typically used when it is necessary to save space, in cramped conditions. Based on the nature and number of connected consumers, the BTP can be classified as either an ITP or a central heating substation. Supply of ITP equipment according to specifications - heat exchangers, pumps, automation, shut-off and control valves, pipelines, etc. - supplied in separate items.

BTP is a fully factory-ready product, which makes it possible to connect reconstructed or newly constructed facilities to heating networks in the shortest possible time. The compactness of the BTP helps to minimize the equipment placement area. An individual approach to the design and installation of block individual heating units allows us to take into account all the client’s wishes and implement them in finished product. warranty for the BTP and all equipment from one manufacturer, one service partner for the entire BTP. ease of installation of the BTP at the installation site. Manufacturing and testing of BTP in the factory - quality. It is also worth noting that for mass, block-by-block development or extensive reconstruction of heating points, the use of BTP is preferable compared to ITP. Since in this case it is necessary to install a significant number of heating points in a short period of time. Such large-scale projects can be implemented in the shortest possible time using only standard factory-ready BTP.

ITP (assembly) - the ability to install a heating unit in cramped conditions; there is no need to transport the assembled heating unit. Transport of individual components only. The delivery time for equipment is significantly shorter than that of BTP. The cost is lower. - BTP - the need to transport the BTP to the installation site (transportation costs), the dimensions of the openings for carrying the BTP impose restrictions on the overall dimensions of the BTP. Delivery time from 4 weeks. Price.

ITP - a guarantee for various components of a heating unit from different manufacturers; several different service partners for various equipment included in the heating unit; higher cost installation work, timing installation work, T. That is, when installing ITP, the individual characteristics of a particular room and the “creative” solutions of a particular contractor are taken into account, which, on the one hand, simplifies the organization of the process, and on the other, can reduce the quality. After all, it is much more difficult to perform a weld seam, a pipeline bend, etc. “in place” with high quality than in a factory environment.

Individual is a whole complex of devices, located in a separate room, including elements thermal equipment. It ensures the connection of these installations to the heating network, their transformation, control of heat consumption modes, operability, distribution by type of coolant consumption and regulation of its parameters.

Individual heating point

The thermal installation, which deals with or its individual parts, is an individual heating point, or abbreviated as ITP. It is designed to provide hot water supply, ventilation and heat to residential buildings, housing and communal services, as well as industrial complexes.

For its operation, it will require a connection to the water and heat system, as well as the electricity supply necessary to activate the circulation pumping equipment.

A small individual heating point can be used in a single-family house or a small building connected directly to a centralized heating network. Such equipment is designed for space heating and water heating.

A large individual heating station services large or multi-apartment buildings. Its power ranges from 50 kW to 2 MW.

Main goals

The individual heating point ensures the following tasks:

Accounting for heat and coolant consumption.
Protection of the heat supply system from emergency increases in coolant parameters.
Disabling the heat consumption system.
Uniform distribution of coolant throughout the heat consumption system.
Adjustment and control of circulating fluid parameters.
coolant.

Advantages

High efficiency.
Long-term operation of an individual heating point has shown that modern equipment of this type, unlike other non-automated processes, consumes 30% less
Operating costs are reduced by approximately 40-60%.
Selecting the optimal heat consumption mode and precise adjustment will allow you to reduce thermal energy losses by up to 15%.
Quiet operation.
Compactness.
The overall dimensions of modern heating units are directly related to the heat load. When placed compactly, an individual heating point with a load of up to 2 Gcal/hour occupies an area of 25-30 m2.
Possibility of locating this device in small-sized basement rooms (both in existing and newly constructed buildings).
The work process is fully automated.
To service this thermal equipment, highly qualified personnel are not required.
ITP (individual heating point) provides comfort in the room and guarantees effective energy saving.
The ability to set the mode, focusing on the time of day, apply the weekend mode and holiday, as well as carrying out weather compensation.
Individual production depending on customer requirements.

Thermal energy accounting

The basis of energy saving measures is the metering device. This accounting is required to perform calculations for the amount of thermal energy consumed between the heat supply company and the subscriber. Indeed, very often the calculated consumption is much higher than the actual one due to the fact that when calculating the load, heat energy suppliers overestimate their values, citing additional costs. Such situations will be avoided by installing metering devices.

Purpose of metering devices

Ensuring fair financial settlements between consumers and energy suppliers.
Documentation of heating system parameters such as pressure, temperature and coolant flow.
Control over the rational use of the energy system.
Monitoring the hydraulic and thermal operating conditions of the heat consumption and heat supply system.

Classic meter diagram

Thermal energy meter.
Pressure gauge.
Thermometer.
Thermal converter in the return and supply pipelines.
Primary flow transducer.
Magnetic mesh filter.

Service

Connecting a reading device and then taking readings.
Analyzing errors and finding out the reasons for their occurrence.
Checking the integrity of seals.
Analysis of results.
Checking technological indicators, as well as comparing thermometer readings on the supply and return pipelines.
Adding oil to the liners, cleaning the filters, checking the grounding contacts.
Removing dirt and dust.
Recommendations for proper use internal networks heat supply.

Heating point diagram

The classic ITP scheme includes the following nodes:

Input of the heating network.
Metering device.
Connecting the ventilation system.
Connecting the heating system.
Hot water connection.
Coordination of pressures between heat consumption and heat supply systems.
Recharge of heating and ventilation systems connected according to an independent circuit.

When developing a heating point project, the required components are:

Metering device.
Pressure matching.
Input of the heating network.

The configuration with other components, as well as their number, is selected depending on the design solution.

Consumption systems

The standard layout of an individual heating point may have the following systems for providing thermal energy to consumers:

Heating.
Hot water supply.
Heating and hot water supply.
Heating and ventilation.

ITP for heating

ITP (individual heat point) - an independent scheme, with the installation of a plate heat exchanger, which is designed for 100% load. A dual pump is provided to compensate for pressure loss. The heating system is fed from the return pipeline of the heating networks.

This heating point can be additionally equipped with a hot water supply unit, a metering device, as well as other necessary blocks and components.

ITP for hot water supply

ITP (individual heating point) - an independent, parallel and single-stage circuit. The package includes two plate-type heat exchangers, each of which is designed to operate at 50% of the load. There is also a group of pumps designed to compensate for the decrease in pressure.

Additionally, the heating unit can be equipped with a heating system unit, a metering device and other necessary blocks and components.

ITP for heating and hot water supply

In this case, the work of an individual heating point (IHP) is organized according to an independent scheme. For the heating system, a plate heat exchanger is provided, which is designed for 100% load. The hot water supply scheme is independent, two-stage, with two plate-type heat exchangers. In order to compensate for the decrease in pressure level, a group of pumps is installed.

The heating system is recharged using appropriate pumping equipment from the return pipeline of the heating networks. The hot water supply is made up from the cold water supply system.

In addition, the ITP (individual heating point) is equipped with a metering device.

ITP for heating, hot water supply and ventilation

The heating installation is connected according to an independent circuit. For heating and ventilation system A plate heat exchanger is used, designed for 100% load. The hot water supply circuit is independent, parallel, single-stage, with two plate heat exchangers, each designed for 50% of the load. Compensation for the decrease in pressure level is carried out through a group of pumps.

The heating system is fed from the return pipeline of the heating networks. The hot water supply is made up from the cold water supply system.

Additionally, an individual heating point can be equipped with a metering device.

Principle of operation

The design of a heating point directly depends on the characteristics of the source supplying energy to the IHP, as well as on the characteristics of the consumers it serves. The most common type for this heating installation is a closed hot water supply system with a heating system connected via an independent circuit.

The operating principle of an individual heating point is as follows:

Through the supply pipeline, the coolant enters the ITP, transfers heat to the heaters of the heating and hot water supply system, and also enters the ventilation system.
The coolant is then directed into the return pipeline and returned through the main network for reuse at the heat generating enterprise.
Some volume of coolant may be consumed by consumers. To replenish losses at the heat source, CHP plants and boiler houses have make-up systems that use the water treatment systems of these enterprises as a heat source.
Entering the heating plant tap water flows through pump equipment cold water supply systems. Then some of its volume is delivered to consumers, the other is heated in the first stage hot water heater, after which it is sent to the hot water circulation circuit.
Water in the circulation circuit moves in a circle through circulation pumping equipment for hot water supply from the heating point to consumers and back. At the same time, consumers withdraw water from the circuit as needed.
As the fluid circulates along the circuit, it gradually releases its own heat. To maintain the coolant temperature at an optimal level, it is regularly heated in the second stage of the hot water heater.
The heating system is also a closed circuit through which the coolant moves using circulation pumps from the heating point to consumers and back.
During operation, coolant leaks may occur from the heating system circuit. The replenishment of losses is carried out by the IHP replenishment system, which uses primary heating networks as a heat source.

Approval for operation

To prepare an individual heating point in a house for permission to operate, you must submit the following list of documents to Energonadzor:

Active technical specifications for connection and a certificate of their implementation from the energy supply organization.
Project documentation with all necessary approvals.
An act of responsibility of the parties for operation and division of balance sheet, drawn up by the consumer and representatives of the energy supply organization.
Certificate of readiness for permanent or temporary operation of the subscriber branch of the heating point.
ITP passport with brief description heat supply systems.
Certificate of readiness for operation of the thermal energy meter.
A certificate confirming the conclusion of an agreement with an energy supply organization for heat supply.
Certificate of acceptance of completed work (indicating the license number and date of issue) between the consumer and the installation organization.
persons for the safe operation and good condition of heating installations and heating networks.
List of operational and operational-repair persons responsible for servicing heating networks and heating installations.
A copy of the welder's certificate.
Certificates for the electrodes and pipelines used.
Acts for hidden work, as-built diagram of the heating point indicating the numbering of the fittings, as well as diagrams of pipelines and shut-off valves.
Certificate for flushing and pressure testing of systems (heating networks, heating system and hot water supply system).
Officials and safety regulations.
Operating Instructions.
Certificate of admission to operation of networks and installations.
Logbook for recording instrumentation, issuing work permits, operational records, recording defects identified during inspection of installations and networks, testing knowledge, as well as briefings.
Order from heating networks for connection.

Safety precautions and operation

The personnel servicing the heating point must have the appropriate qualifications, and responsible persons should also be familiarized with the operating rules that are specified in This is a mandatory principle for an individual heating point approved for operation.

It is prohibited to put pumping equipment into operation when the shut-off valves at the input and in the absence of water in the system.

During operation it is necessary:

Monitor pressure readings on pressure gauges installed on the supply and return pipelines.
Monitor the absence of extraneous noise and avoid excessive vibration.
Monitor the heating of the electric motor.

Do not use excessive force when manually operating the valve, and do not disassemble the regulators if there is pressure in the system.

Before starting the heating point, it is necessary to flush the heat consumption system and pipelines.