Triumphal Arch Cathedral. Moscow Triumphal Gate. Arches of the New Century: Restoration and Reconstruction

The Triumphal Arch in Moscow was established in honor of the victory of the Russian people in the war of 1812.

Triumphal Arch in Moscow It was erected from 1829 to 1834. She replaced the old wooden arch of 1814 on the Tver Savage Square, which was built for a meeting of Russian troops, who returned from Paris after the victory over the French. The walls of the new-built arch were lined with a white stone, and the columns and sculptures were cast from cast iron. Initially, the arch was called Moscow Triumphal Gate

On both sides of the Triumphal Arch, a commemorative inscription was made, on the one hand in Russian, on the other - in Latin: "Alexander I's blessed memory, erected from the ashes and is decorated with many monuments of the deception of this, during the invasion of Galov and with them twenty languages , summer 1812 Fire devotee, 1826 ", but after the reconstruction, it was changed to another:" These triumphal gates are laid as a sign of memories of the celebration of Russian warriors in 1814 and the construction of magnificent monuments and buildings of the first-hearth country of Moscow destroyed in 1812. Betty Languages \u200b\u200b"

Triumphal Arch at night and day

The arch was disassembled in 1936, during the reconstruction of the area, and she was only at the end of 60s on Kutuzovsky Prospect. Her brick overlaps were replaced by reinforced concrete, and cast-iron 12-meter columns were distinguished. According to the only preserved column of the old arch before the time

Elements of the decor of a triumphal arch in Moscow

Many confuse these triumphal gates with triumphal arches, erected on the triumphal area. To be less confused, the triumphal area even renamed the area of \u200b\u200bold triumphant gates

Now Triumphal Arch Located on the Victory Square in the Poklonnaya Mountain area

Triumphal gates were first built in ancient Rome and were intended for solemn ceremonies on the occasion of entering the city of the Army-winner. Foreign experience first in Russia adopted Peter the GreatAnd later the arch was built on the occasion of every major victory of Russian weapons or just to a significant date.

Triumphal Gate in Moscow

With the idea of \u200b\u200bthe construction of a triumphal gate in Moscow, dedicated to the victory over the army Napoleon, performed Nikolai I.. The arch was created on the project of one of the largest architects of that time. Osip Bowe. During the solemn bookmark of the gate on August 30, 1829 (according to a new style), the bronze stove and a handful of silver coins of the chasing of 1829, "for happiness" lay down on the Tver Offset. The construction of the gate was carried out for quite a long time due to lack of funds: the discovery took place only on September 20, 1834. The inscription on the attic was approved by Nikolai I and read: "Blessed Memory Alexander I., Easmigrosago from the ashes and is decorated with many monuments of the deception of this, during the invasion of Galov and with them twenty languages, the summer of 1812 firefight, 1826.

In 1936, during the implementation of the Stalinist General Plan, the arch was dismantled. Some sculptures were transferred to the architecture museum on the territory of the former Don Monastery. The recovery of the gate Moscow is largely obliged Yuri GagarinIn the VIII Congress of the Central Committee of the CCM, 1965, said: "A triumphal arch of 1812 was removed in Moscow, and the Triumphal Arch of Christ the Savior, built on the money collected throughout the country in honor of the victory over Napoleon, was destroyed. Is it really the name of this monument eclipsed his patriotic essence? I could continue the list of victims of a barbarian attitude to the monuments of the past. Examples of such, unfortunately, a lot. " I answered it on it Nikita Khrushchev: "Gagarin is Gagarin. Therefore, the first thing we will do is be sure to restore the Triumphal Arch. " The arch was restored in 1966-1968 on Kutuzovsky Avenue, next to the Borodino Battle Museum. The attic text was changed: "These triumphal gates are laid as a sign of memories of the celebration of Russian warriors in 1814 and the construction of magnificent monuments and buildings of the first-hearth country of Moscow, destroyed in 1812 by the invasion of Galov and with them of the Boxed languages."

Moscow Triumphal Gate. Photo: RIA Novosti / Sergey Guneyev

Red Gate in Moscow

Red gate. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

The red gate existed in Moscow from the beginning of the XVIII century to June 3, 1927. The first arch, which appeared in this place in Russia, was established in 1709, in honor of Victory Peter I. Over the Swedes, and later repeatedly rebuilt. So, Ekaterina I. Rebuilt them in 1724 goal in honor of their coronation, but after 8 years, this wooden structure burned down.

In 1742 already Elizabeth Petrovnabuilt on this place a new gate, but after 6 years they were again destroyed by fire. The first stone arch was built instead of the burnt gate in 1753 architect D. Ukhtomsky. It was performed in the Baroque style, with red walls, snow-white relief, golden capitals. 50 bright drawings personified "Majesty of the Russian Empire", and married an army of the Golden figure of Angela. The arch was demolished together with the nearby church of the three saints in connection with the expansion of the Garden Ring. Today, it resembles only the same area and opened in 1935 by the metro station.

Narva triumphal gates in St. Petersburg

Narva triumphant gates, like the Moscow Triumphal Arch, were devoted to the victory in the war of 1812. Initially, the Triumphal Arch was built for a meeting of troops, which were returned home from Europe in 1814, near the Narva oblast. These gates were made of alabaster and wood in one month and quickly enforced. Nikolay commanded to build new stone gates in a new place, next to the Tarakanovka River. In general, the new gates retained the appearance of the first arch, but were also features. The design of the gate was brick, covered with copper sheets, and the sculptures of Roman warriors were replaced by copper Russian heroes. On the archway there are inscriptions about the places of decisive battles. The gate has taken its usual appearance later when copper in the harsh northern conditions began to rust. During the blockade of Leningrad, the gate was strongly injured from the bombing bags (they received more than two thousand bombs, the part of the decor was removed, the eaves were destroyed). It is through the Narvian gates of the part of the Leningrad garrison went to the front. After the war, the gate was renovated. Now there is a Museum-Monument Museum "Narva Timpal Gate".

Narva triumphal gate in St. Petersburg. Photo: RIA Novosti / D. Chernov

Moscow Triumphal Gate in St. Petersburg

These gates were constructed in 1834-1832 in honor of the victory of Russian weapons in the Russian-Turkish war. Designed by project V. StasovaThey were located at the intersection of Moscow and Ligovsky prospectuses on the Square of the same name. In 1936, the gate was disassembled due to the planned transfer of the city center. However, the authorities did not plan to destroy the architectural monument: they were going to decorate the park. However, the project was never implemented, and in 1959-1960 the gate was restored at the same place.

Moscow Triumphal Gate. 1834-1838 years. Architect Vasily Stasov. Photo: RIA Novosti / B. Manushin

Aleksandrovsk Triumphal Arch in Krasnodar

Monument to Empress Catherine II and Alexander Triumphal Arch in Krasnodar. Photo: RIA News / Mikhail Mokrushin

Triumphal Arches were sown not only in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but also in other cities, and they were dedicated to not only military victories. Aleksandrovsk arch in Krasnodar was built in honor of the arrival of the emperor Alexandra III In the capital of Kuban in 1888.

Holding at the intersection of Sedin's streets and the world of half a century, she was demolished by the new authorities in 1928. Restore the arch was decided by the inhabitants of Krasnodar in 2006. The difficulty of restoring the Arch was that the drawings of the original arch was not preserved, and therefore the recreation was delayed for 2 years. The arch was installed in a new place, near the reconstructed fountain at the intersection of the streets of Red and Babushkina. Square is broken next to the arch, and she herself soon became a new attraction of the city.

Brandenburg Gate in Kaliningrad

The first wooden gates in Kaliningrad (then - Konigsberg) at this place were built in 1657, and after 100 years as directed Friedrich II. were replaced by stone. Initially, these gates were not triumphal, but carried a practical function: they defended the city from enemy raids. Behind the walls always on duty the garrison of the guard, there were also utility rooms here. In the middle of the century, the gates stopped wearing a fortification function. In 1843, they were rebuilt and decorated with decorative frontons, cruciform flowers, leaves on impressions, coat of arms and medallions. Also, portraits of famous Prussian military were installed. The gate was preserved by the Soviet authorities and reached this day. Today they continue to carry out the transport function, remaining travel.

The Brandenburg Gate in Kaliningrad was part of the city defense system and served as shelter at the entrance to it. These are the only city gates of Kaliningrad, still used in direct intended. Photo: RIA Novosti / Vladimir Fedorenko

Amur gate in Irkutsk

These gates were built to meet governor General Nikolai Muravyova-Amurwho signed an agreement with the Chinese Empire on Amur and returned to Irkutsk. Under this contract, Russia received the left bank of Amur and extensive territories. In addition, it was this document that the boundary between states was determined. In 1891, the gate was reconstructed, but after 29 years later they again dreamed and were demolished. During the celebration in 2009, the 350th anniversary of Irkutsk gates was proposed to restore, but the work was never started.

Amur gates on the postcard of the XIX century. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

Moscow Triumphal Gate in Irkutsk

There are in Irkutsk and other triumphal gates, built in 1813 in honor of the Emperor's Emperor's throne. The arch was located on the road from Irkutsk towards the European part of Russia, to the Moscow tract, and therefore she received such a name. Several premises were located in the arch, which occupied the viewers of the Moscow Apartment and the Society Society Station on the Waters. In 1890, an archive is located here. The dilapidated gates were demolished in 1928, but before this was a large-scale work on photographing and the monument to the monument. It made it possible to restore the arch in primeval form. Recreation was conducted for private funds and was completed in 2011. After the restoration of the Moscow goal, it is planned to create a museum dedicated to the history of this architectural monument.

Sergey Petrov and Tatyana Ermakova near the Moscow triumphant gates in Irkutsk during the relay of the Olympic Fire. year 2013. Photo: RIA Novosti / Ramil Citdikov

Nikolaev triumphant gates in Vladivostok

The Nikolaev triumphal gate in Vladivostok was built in honor of the arrival of Zesarevich Nikolai. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org / russian.dissident

The Nikolaev triumphal gate in Vladivostok was built in honor of the arrival of Zesarevich Nikolai (later crowned as Nicholas II) in 1891, during his journey to the Far East.

The construction was carried out by private funds: industrialists, merchants and other rich inhabitants participated in it.

Arch stood for a long time: with the arrival of Soviet power, it was demolished. It was decided to restore it in the year of the 135th anniversary of the birth and the 85th anniversary of the death of the last Russian emperor. In May 2003, her solemn opening took place.

This arch is also devoted to visiting Cesarevich Nicholas and built in the same year as in Vladivostok.

The 20-meter stone arch was decorated with double-headed eagles and icons. In 1936, it was destroyed by flooding. The reconstruction of the arch began in 2003 on the funds of entrepreneurs, dioceses and ordinary residents of Blagoveshchensk. Arch was open in 2005.

Triumphal arch in Blagoveshchensk. Photo: COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG / AMGU student

Triumphal Arch "Kursk Arc" in Kursk, Russia

In Kursk, a triumphal arch was built in 2000, in honor of the victory of the Soviet troops in the Kursk arc. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org / Georgy Dolgfsky

In Kursk, a triumphal arch was built in 2000, in honor of the victory of the Soviet troops in the Kursk arc. In the shortest possible time, the project was developed and approved. Works began in 1998 and lasted two years. North façade Arches built a monument to the Soviet commander George Zhukov. The arch decorated the sculptural composition of George the Victorious, sprinkling a spear of the dragon.

Triumphal Arch "Grozny"

Another triumphal gates, built quite recently, was the Arch "Grozny" in Chechnya. This construction was opened on October 5, 2006 on the Khankalskaya Street of Grozny and dedicated to the 30th anniversary chapters Chechnya Ramzana Kadyrov. Arch is located above the motorway and decorated on the sides of Chechen combat towers of the seventeenthometer height, as well as two portraits - president of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin and first president of the Chechen Republic Ahmat Kadyrov. Arch is the main gates to the city of Grozny.

Since the time of Peter the Great, the brightest victories of the Russian people are noted by any majestic construction that will remind the date of the country. It is the same monument and is the Triumphal Arch or the Moscow Triumphal Gate, erected at the beginning of the thirties of the XIX century in honor of the victory of 1812 over Napoleon Bonaparte.

The history of the emergence of the monument

The history of the monument takes its roots in the first half of the XIX century to the distant Tver stamping, where he was originally erected, but not from stone, but from wooden materials. The architectural structure of the chariot of glory was crowned, the eaves rummaged on the monumental columns, which were the majestic gates decorated with the statues of the liberators, and images of the care of the enemy's troops. But, since the monument quickly emanated and came into disrepair, soon decided to replace the wooden arch on the stone to keep it for a longer period.

Initially, the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a triumphal arch belonged to the Russian emperor Nicholas I, who was inspired by projects, built at the time in St. Petersburg, and wished to build a similar thing in Moscow. The project was charged with the most famous Osipu Ivanovich Bowe. But the lack of finance and the lack of assistance of the authorities was the centuries-old scourge of Russia, so the construction was stretched for several years. More than a century, the legendary monument to the Great Victory of Fatherland existed on Tver Statement, and only in 1936, in connection with the reconstruction and expansion of Moscow streets and squares, it was decided to transfer the famous gates.

Transfer of the Arc de Triomphe

The arch was carefully disassembled, the architects of the museum made careful measurements for subsequent restoration work, and the details were placed in the museum. Restored it not immediately, but only thirty years later. One can only imagine how difficult and painstaking work fell to the share of architects and engineers of the time.

According to the remaining drawings, drawings and old photos, it was necessary to restore the monument in the initial image, replenishing those details that disappeared irretrievably. On the arch of the architecture alone, it was necessary to place more than a thousand independent details! The huge team worked on the recreation of lost fragments: the form of the details of the military armor and the coat of arms of old cities were distinguished on plaster casts. The panorama of the Borodino battle is very helped in this process, with the pictures of which some compositions were also used.

On the choice of location, there were also a lot of disputes. Undoubtedly, when, initially in the XIX century, the arch was erected, she looked majestically anywhere in Moscow, as the nearby houses were not distinguished by their height, and after a century, the capital has changed beyond recognition, and it was difficult to maintain an initial idea of \u200b\u200bthe architect among the height and motorways.

Installed the arch on Kutuzovsky Avenue near the Victory Park, where she perfectly fit into the vanity of Moscow life, reminding to people about the great feat of the Russian people who have time to be for centuries. The Arc Triumphal Arch is one of the most significant monuments of the Patriotic War of 1812, which is silent reminds of those great events that have been emanted by many writers of past years.

Moscow Triumphal Gate - Triumphal Arch in Moscow, built in honor of the victory of the Russian people in the Patriotic War of 1812. As a rule, Muscovites do not use the full name of the monument and call it just a triumphant arch.

Triumphal Arch - Restored Monument: Initially, it was erected in 1829-1834 for the project Osip Bowe On the Square Tverskaya Zavna, then disassembled in 1936 during the reconstruction of the area and was again built in 1966-1968 on Kutuzovsky Prospect near Poklonnaya Mountain.

Arc Triumphal Arch

In 1814, when Russian and allied troops entered Paris, and the world was achieved, Russian cities began to prepare for the meeting of the troops returned from France. In the way of their following, the cities were built by a triumphal gate, and Moscow did not exception: near the Tver Ockowa, where the emperor was traditionally met with the honors, they began to build a temporary triumphal arch of wood.

In 1826, Emperor Nicholas I ordered to build a triumphal gate in Moscow as a monument to the victory of Russian weapons, similar to the Narva Triumphal Gate, which were built at the time in St. Petersburg. The development of the project was instructed to prominent Russian architect Osip bow; The master developed it in the same year, but the need to redevelop the area slowed down the process, and the project demanded changes.

The triumphal gate for the new Bove project was built in 1829-1834, laying in the base of the bronze mortgage slab and the handful of silver rubles "for happiness" - which, by the way, did not help: the construction was delayed for 5 years due to lack of funds. Sculptural design Arches performed sculptors Ivan Vitaly and Ivan Timofeev, Worked in Bove drawing. Columns and sculptures were cast from the cast iron, and the gate themselves elevated from the White Stone from the village of Tartarovo ("Tartar Marble") and a stone from a disassembled samotane channel.

At the Attika, the gate was applied (in Russian and Latin, from different sides):

In 1899, the first electric tram line was held right under the arch, and in 1912 and in the 1920s they even cleaned and restored.

Unfortunately, in 1936, in accordance with the general plan of the reconstruction of Moscow, the gate was disassembled for the reconstruction of the area. Initially, they were planned to restore near the previous place, so when dismantling were careful, and they kept some sculptural and architectural elements, but as a result, it was not to restore the gate.

Triumphal Arch on Kutuzov Prospect

In the 1960s, given the artistic value and historical significance of the gate, it was decided to return to the idea of \u200b\u200btheir recovery, and in 1966-1968, their copy was built near the Kutuzovsky Prospectus near the Poklonnaya Museum and Museum-Panorama of the Borodino battle.

The project was carried out under the leadership of Architect-restorer Vladimir Libson by a group of architects (I. Ruben, Vasilyeva, D. Kulchinsky). During the construction, the drawings and measurements were used when dismantling the gates, as well as the author's structure provided by the architecture museum.

Generally Triumphal Arch In Kutuzovsky Avenue, it is an external copy of the predecessor, but with a number of constructive changes: reinforced concrete in the designs of walls, arches and basement, the white stone was replaced by the Crimean limestone, and Cordhegardia and lattices decided not to restore. The preserved sculptures and details of the design did not use, and everything was cast from cast iron again. In addition, the texts were changed on the Attics - instead of the words about the emperor Alexandra I, lines appeared there from the order of Mikhail Kutuzov to Russian soldiers and excerpt from the inscription on the mortgage board of 1829:

In 2012, the Triumphal Arch was renovated during the preparation for celebrations on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Russia's victory in the Patriotic War of 1812.

The triumphal arch was located in the square, broken between the oncoming strips of the movement of the Kutuzovsky Prospect. In 1975, in honor of the 30th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, this Square became known as the Victory Square.

To date Triumphal Arch I became one of the recognizable symbols of Moscow: the types of the monument decorate the popular postcards and calendars, the arch is depicted in the paintings of artists and produce a large number of souvenir products with its way.

You can get to the triumphant archway from the metro station "Park Victory" Arbatsky-Pokrovskaya line.

With Peter I and its reforms, the appearance in Russia in addition to traditional church and new secular holidays is connected. Such holidays became, in particular, solemn processions, the first marches in Moscow were arranged in honor of the military victories, but they began to celebrate them very soon, and others considered as those who have state importance. The construction of a triumphal gate associated with the festive ritual and fiery functions associated with the festive ritual of the triumphal gates and the fireworks are timed to the festivities.
In 1696, on the occasion of the capture of Azov - the first major victory of the Russian regular army and the fleet, which grew from the fun regiments and flotilla Peter was organized the first secular celebration - a solemn procession through the whole Moscow of the victorious troops, joined the city from the south.

Russian fleet under the azov. 18th century engraving.

The climax of their meeting was the passage of them through the Triumphal Gate at the Allweight (Big Stone) Bridge. They were a scenery, closely leaning to the first dual arch of a two-bar (at that time) of the bridge.
How did these first Russian triumphal doors look like? One of the most thorough and deep biographers of Peter I.Golikov described them as follows: "At the entrance to the stone bridge, a triumphal gate was built, the ancient Roman solemn gates, with the following decorations: on the right side of these on the Pedice, the statue of Marsov, having in his right hand Sword, on the left shield with the inscription: Marse Bravery; At the feet, his slaves, Tatar Murza with Luc and Kolkhan, and behind him two Tatarin composed ... On the left side, the statue of Hercules on the same Pedestole, holding his right-handed to her tool, and in the left branch green with the inscription Hercules the fortress. At his feet lay Pasha Azov in Chalme and two cured Turk ... "

In 1753-1757, D.V. Ukhtomsky elevated, finally, stone gates. From the middle
The XVIII century they got the name of the Red Gate, as they passed through them
road to the Red Village. In 1928, the gate and nearby the standing church of three
the saints were demolished.
The red gates were quite rare in Moscow a monument to the so-called Elizabethan baroque.

F. Benua. Triumphal gate. 1848
The buildings of the Cordegardians standing on the sides of the triumphal gate are clearly visible.

In mid-1814, the solemn meeting of the victorious Russian troops returning from Western Europe, a wooden triumphal arch was built in the Tver Ockoward. But the monument quickly emanated, and in 1826 it was decided to replace the wooden arch of stone. The development of the project was entrusted to architect O.I. Bovy. The project submitted by the Master was a complex consisting of the Arc itself and two Cordegardians placed on both sides of the St. Petersburg highway. Over the sculptural decoration of Arches worked sculptors I.P. Vitaly and I.T. Timofeev.
The solemn laying of the arch took place on August 17, 1829. The construction of the triumphal gate lasted five years. On September 20, 1834, the official opening of this monument took place.

The Tverskaya oblast has a triumphal gate stood 102 years. In 1936, the Square of the Belarusian station was decided to re-postect, and the Arc was dismantled. For over 30 years, the sculptural decoration of the arch was kept in the Don monastery.
In 1966, the question was raised about the restoration of the arch. After discussing a number of options, it was decided to establish a triumphal gate on Kutuzovsky Avenue next to Poklonnaya Mountain. Now the arch was put without Cordhegard, not as a passing gate, but as a monument.
When reconstructed, the arches proportions were somewhat violated.
Part of the authentic elements of the arches can be seen now in the courtyard of the Museum of Architecture. They are in the corner in the corner.

Triumphal arch on Kutuzovsky Avenue (on Victory Square). Photo 1970s.

The next time it will be possible to talk about the triumphal gates that were in the territory of the former suburban estates, and now entered Moscow ... Something has survived, for example, in Izmailovo on the Silver Island ...