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How to learn to plaster walls with cement. How to plaster walls with your own hands. A set of necessary tools

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Sooner or later, the topic of renovation comes up in every home. The final appearance of the room will depend on the quality of the preparatory work carried out. Having once applied effort to a high-quality finish, in the future it will only be possible to periodically re-stick the wallpaper or change the color of the walls. Initially, it may seem that the work cannot be completed by a non-professional craftsman. But you can try to make at least rough sketches. In addition to moral satisfaction, this will also significantly save your personal budget. This review describes in detail the entire technological process, how to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner. Videos and step by step instructions will help you understand the construction nuances.

Start of the process

The main purpose of plaster is to level the geometry of wall and ceiling bases in order to eliminate unevenness or defects. It is used for rough finishing. The application technology allows the mixture to be applied in a thick layer in case of large deviations. By plastering the walls in the apartment, you can get the most even foundations.

According to its composition, plaster is as follows:

plaster;
cement.
limestone;
lime-cement;
lime-gypsum;
gypsum cement.

The most important difference between them is the drying time of the solution. Gypsum mortar requires up to a week to dry completely, cement mortar will take about a month. Therefore, compositions with should be used in cases where it is necessary to achieve maximum durability.

This coating will last for several decades. Modern manufacturers introduce polymer additives into the mortar mixture, which speed up drying by up to two days. The cement mixture is used to level surfaces in basements or for laying tiles.

The process of leveling walls with plaster with your own hands is quite labor-intensive, so gypsum solutions are often used. With gypsum compositions, it is important to maintain humidity conditions. Gypsum plaster can be applied in one layer, which significantly saves the budget. Finishing is carried out both on a brick base and on wooden surfaces. To achieve perfect smoothness, the coating should be puttied after the plaster has dried.

For beginning craftsmen, cement plaster with polymer additives is better suited for walls. Video tutorials will help you understand and painstakingly complete the entire process in compliance with the technological sequence.

Plaster, putty - similarities and differences

A person who is far from understanding construction terms will at first glance decide that these are synonyms for one type of construction work. In fact, these concepts have both similarities and significant differences. Both materials are intended for leveling surfaces, but this is where the similarity ends.

Related article:

Plaster and putty - what is the difference and general features, in what cases they should be used, recommendations from experts - read about this and much more in our review.

putty

Manufacturers offer a dry composition or a ready-made plastic solution. Cement, gypsum and polymers are added as binders. Using putty, you can smooth out small surface defects and make the base smooth after plastering. For cracks up to 10 millimeters in size, a starting composition is used. used for final leveling of surfaces.

You cannot mix starting and finishing putty. Compositions of different homogeneity can form additional defects on the substrates.

Plaster

Using plaster, you can level surfaces with deviations of up to 15 centimeters. In addition, it acts as thermal insulation of surfaces, in some cases additional moisture protection.

Plaster can be ordinary or decorative. The composition contains large grains. It is used as a rough leveling or finishing structural coating.

When applying putty and plaster, different technologies are used. For plaster this happens as follows:

The first layer is applied using the spray method, which hides large surface defects. In addition, it serves as additional adhesion to subsequent layers;
the implementation of the middle layer ensures the leveling of surfaces;
finishing putty or coating – finally smoothes the base.

Apply using individual technology. The plaster composition needs several days to dry completely, the putty is ready the next day.

Advice from an experienced master: how to plaster walls correctly

Before execution repair work it is necessary to study the features of the base of wall surfaces. The method of performing the work will depend on this. For smooth walls, a spatula and a level are enough. Substrates with large defects and deviations can only be leveled using. You may need a large amount of mixture. In this case, additional reinforcement should be performed on the wall.

There are several rules for plastering walls:

first of all, the wall surfaces are cleaned and primed;
in the second stage, the bulk of the plaster is applied and distributed;
At the final stage, the base is covered and cleaned.

A video on how to properly plaster walls will help you complete all the work correctly:

Consumables and tools for plastering walls

plaster;
primer for pre-treatment of wall bases;
beacons in case of large surface deviations;
the rule for aluminum plaster is 2 m long for drawing out the composition and 2.5 m for installing beacons;
bubble level at least 2 meters long;
spatula 15 cm wide;
construction float;
trowel;
bucket;
roller with tray or brush for priming;
gloves;
perforator with a nozzle for stirring the mixture;
dowels, screws, Phillips screwdriver, metal scissors for cutting beacons;
hammer;
metal ironing;
roulette;
plumb line

Some tools are already available in every home. Something will have to be purchased or rented. But this is not a tool for one repair; everything will be useful in subsequent repairs. You could say it’s an investment in the future. Now we know what tools are needed for plastering walls, we can start making repairs.

What you need to know to prepare high-quality plaster

To prepare cement plaster, mix cement and sand in a ratio of 1:3. Water is gradually poured into the composition with constant stirring. The result should be a solution with the consistency of sour cream with high fat content. Before mixing, you should read the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. If repair work is carried out in a room with high humidity, experts advise adding lime. It will remove excess moisture and make the microclimate more comfortable.

For surfaces made of concrete and foam concrete blocks, it is recommended to use gypsum-lime plaster. Its plasticity is well maintained on the base. To prepare such a solution, pour gypsum into a bucket of water in a thin stream, then quickly mix everything, adding milk of lime. This mixture is applied quite easily, and will help beginners get their hands on finishing work.

To plaster walls with your own hands, you can buy a ready-made mixture, which is offered in a wide variety in construction hypermarkets and stores. This is the most easy way preparatory work.

Preparing walls for plastering

The work process of preparing the surface for plastering begins with cleaning the base from previous coatings. After that, the level of deviations should be determined in order to determine whether additional work is needed or can be done without.

Then you should carefully prime all bases with a brush or roller. It is necessary to choose a deep penetration primer; there is no need to skimp on the composition at this stage, this will help the putty to adhere well to the surfaces. In addition, it will protect the walls from excess moisture and prevent the occurrence of mold and fungus, which can cause corrosion of the material.

Do-it-yourself plastering of walls without beacons, video of step-by-step application

Before applying plaster on the walls with your own hands without beacons, after the primer has dried, you should thoroughly moisten all bases with water.

Photo	Description of work
	Before starting work, we clear the floor of debris so that it is convenient to collect the fallen solution, and all sockets are closed.
	All walls are dampened
	Spread the mixture with a spatula onto a 1 m² base in random order. We perform all actions with the hand. This is important so that the mixture hits the base accurately and does not scatter. It is necessary to just apply it, then the plaster will penetrate into the hollow places of the walls, in addition, this method will increase adhesion to the surface.
	Use a grater to smooth out the wall using random movements. Layer thickness is about 5-7 mm. All surfaces are gradually plastered using similar movements. Work should start from the floor to the ceiling. There is no need to perfectly level the base; a rough surface will improve the adhesion of the second layer. The drying time of the first layer should be at least 2 hours.
	After the first layer has dried, you need to go over all surfaces as usual. It will remove all large irregularities. The construction tool should be pressed tightly to the base and all walls should be leveled with arbitrary movements.
	When performing the second layer, the solution is applied to the base with a trowel using a spatula. Leveling should be done with some effort and voluntary movements.
	After setting, it is necessary to check the quality of application. Protruding bumps are removed in a circular motion with a construction float, which should be periodically moistened with water. This will help with quick soaking and better withdrawal mixtures. To remove depressions, you need to rub a small amount of plaster into these places. The second stage levels the walls as much as possible. Drying time is about 3 hours.
	The third stage is the most painstaking. It is necessary to level the wall surfaces with a thin layer until they are as smooth as possible. The plaster should be thinned Not big amount water to a more liquid state. Work is carried out from top to bottom. The solution is poured onto the walls with a ladle and smoothed in a circular motion until perfectly smooth. Drying time – up to 8 hours.
	The grout will give the walls a velvety feel. The surfaces are spilled with water, then a construction trowel should be walked over them. This step can be omitted if tiling or stone cladding is planned in the future.
	Excess mortar is removed from the ceiling surface.

Drying time is several days at average temperature and moderate humidity. At elevated temperatures, all surfaces should be periodically moistened with water to avoid the formation of cracks.

If in the instructions on how to level walls without beacons, some points are not clear, watch the video with an accessible description of the entire technological process:

Step-by-step application of plaster on walls with your own hands using beacons: video with detailed description

If the deviations on the base are large enough, plastering should be carried out with additional installation of beacons. After preliminary preparation and treatment of surfaces with a primer, their installation begins. If work is carried out in rooms with high humidity or with large defects in the foundations, you should fix the mesh for additional reinforcement before leveling the walls along the beacons with your own hands. Video tutorials will help you do the work correctly. It is secured using a mixture or dowels.

The sequence of plastering work is similar to the process without installing beacons. The solution is applied in a dense layer between the beacons with a slight extension beyond them. As a rule, using zigzag movements from below towards the top, the plaster is leveled. The excess is removed with a spatula, the voids are filled with new solution. After passing the entire surface, leveling must be repeated from top to bottom.

At the end of the work, you should check the result using the rule. The protruding parts are rubbed down. After which it is necessary to perform leveling with a liquid mixture. Before work, you can watch professional videos of beacon plastering for beginners. This will prevent mistakes in repair work.

Methods for installing beacons - advantages of fastening with screws

Placing beacons under plaster can be done in two ways: plaster mixture or self-tapping screws. For non-professional craftsmen, it is better to choose the second fastening method. A reliable and fast method proves the advantages of such fastening, including financial ones.

Photo	Description of work
	The level makes vertical markings at a distance less than the length of the rule by 20 centimeters.
	Using a hammer drill, holes are drilled for beacons around the perimeter.
	Dowels 8x40 mm are driven in with a hammer.
	Screws 40-45 mm long for plaster layers up to 30 mm. In areas with a thicker layer, longer fasteners should be used.
	The heads of the beacon screws should be aligned with a level along the perimeter.
	The fastening elements for the beacons are fixed on the screws.
	Attaching beacons around the perimeter.
	Work is carried out similarly on the entire surface of the walls.
	The wall is checked with a thread for the presence of protrusions. If the base protrudes too much, it can be adjusted by screwing in a screw.
	The template checks and aligns all the caps.
	All elements and beacons are fixed.

This method saves time exactly four times. The video below describes the entire installation process quite clearly:

At the end of the work, professionals recommend removing the beacons and sealing the resulting stripes with a solution so that rust does not appear during operation. This is a controversial opinion. If the beacons were purchased from a company trade and they good quality, there is no need to delete it.

Plaster mixtures - varieties, advantages, disadvantages

A wide variety of solutions puts an unprofessional craftsman in a difficult position. Before choosing the best way to plaster the walls in an apartment, you should study the manufacturer’s instructions for using the compounds. A properly selected mixture will last for decades.

Plastering walls with your own hands using cement mortar: video tutorials from masters

One of the most durable and labor-intensive solutions on the one hand, and the longest in service correct application- with another. The main disadvantage of the coating is the need for finishing putty. Plastering walls with cement mortar along the beacons allows you to hide large deviations and surface defects. To correctly complete the entire process, you can preview different videos professional craftsmen who are posted on the Internet.

The cement mixture behaves well in rooms with high humidity, for example in the kitchen or bathroom. It does not lose its properties in garages, on plinths, in basements.

How to plaster walls with gypsum plaster: video and professional nuances

Gypsum compositions are only suitable for indoor work. The main advantage of this method is that no additional plastering of surfaces is required. Plastic composition You can level the base to perfect condition. The negative aspects of leveling walls with gypsum plaster include: high humidity premises for the finishing of which other compositions should be used.

A significant difference from other solutions is the drying time. Literally after 10-15 minutes the solution becomes unusable, so you should calculate the speed of work and do not dilute the mixture in large quantities. Gypsum plaster is convenient for working on ceiling surfaces or corners. You can watch a video master class on leveling ceilings and other bases.

Do-it-yourself finishing plaster: video of interesting applications

For finishing, dry mixtures or ready-made compositions are used. The choice should be made depending on the purpose of the room. For internal ones, you can use cement-based plaster. For internal bases, a gypsum composition is suitable. Polymer is a universal mixture, various additives allow you to use it on almost any surface.

To plaster walls for painting, manufacturers offer special compositions with different structures.

Photo	Type of solution
	Structural solution - the composition contains large grains and wood fibers. The final design of surfaces depends on the particle size.
	The relief composition is interspersed with marble elements and artificial fibers.
	A textured mixture - various additives and a heterogeneous structure; you can apply an application that imitates a bark beetle.
	Terrazite composition - glass particles, mica and marble chips are added to the mixture. Grains can be up to 6 mm in size.
	Flock plaster is a composition with acrylic flakes. The final coating can be treated with a varnish composition.

When plastering walls under wallpaper, you don’t need to achieve perfect alignment. Texture wallpaper will partially hide minor irregularities. Absolute gloss is important for painting. The process of finishing putty is quite labor-intensive and can take a lot of time and attention. But the result will delight you with its impeccability.

How to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner: video and features of application to various surfaces

Modern production offers a wide variety of plaster mixtures. Before plastering walls with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with the characteristics, composition and recommendations for use. Different surfaces require a different approach.

Brickwork works

Plastering walls can be done with either cement mortar or gypsum mixture. Suitable for outdoor use only cement mixture. Since this type of work is carried out on the initial masonry, it must be completed flawlessly, avoiding swelling and defects. It is important to consider the execution time. If construction works were carried out not very long ago, the walls should be given some time to shrink so that cracking does not occur.

If you need to do plastering brick walls with a previously applied finish, it should be completely removed. And only after complete cleansing of dust and dirt should you begin repair work. A brick base requires the installation of beacons, since the walls have quite large defects and deviations. All the following works are similar.

To help you learn how to plaster a brick wall with your own hands, you can read: step by step process in the review, watch this video tutorial:

Work on concrete surfaces

For concrete walls, plastering work should be carried out more carefully. For better adhesion to the previous layer, the plaster should be rubbed in with some force for a more durable connection. Otherwise, the entire application process is no different from performing work on beacons.

Wooden wall plaster

Plastering process wooden walls The inside of the house is somewhat different from the previous ones. The main difference is that plaster does not adhere to a clean wooden surface. First you need to make a frame from the lathing, which can be from wooden slats or metal mesh.

When installing wooden sheathing or shingles, thin slats with dimensions from 3x15 to 5x20 mm are used. When purchasing, it is important to pay attention to the quality of the wood; it should have a light color. When fastening, the nails are not driven in completely, but to the middle, so that the head can be bent and additionally press the rail.

Advice! To prevent deformation of the shingles, all ends of the planks should be well secured.

Under the sheathing, you can install additional thermal insulation from felt, after pre-impregnating it with an antiseptic. The metal mesh is attached in a similar way.

Before plastering a wooden wall, carefully watch the instructional videos. The process is not complicated, but you should know many nuances of the technological sequence. The mixture is applied as usual. You need to be careful when pouring the mortar onto the sheathing; there may be voids behind it. Therefore, work should be performed at an angle of 45° alternately on one side and the other.

Foundation plaster

Before plastering the foundation of a house with your own hands, you must completely clean all surfaces of dirt, dust and greasy deposits. If the concrete base is more than a year old, you can apply notches for better adhesion of the mortar. On a brick foundation, use a spatula to clean all the seams from the old mortar.

In the second stage, all surfaces are generously primed, then deep defects are leveled with cement mortar. The same mixture should be used to fill previously cleaned joints in the brickwork.

To ensure reliable adhesion of the mortar to the foundation, you can pre-tension and secure the metal mesh. After which you can begin the technological sequence of applying cement mortar. All work must be carried out in warm, dry weather.

Good to know! To improve the quality of the cement mortar, you can add PVA glue, thanks to which the mortar will acquire some plasticity and will be easier to work with.

Conclusion

Now we know all the features and capabilities of plastering walls and can independently complete the entire process, from rough wall finishing to decoration. The knowledge gained will help you approach the choice of material responsibly and technological process. And additional physical activity will only be useful.

Plastering walls is a painstaking and difficult job. To perform this, special compounds are usually used, most often gypsum-based. In addition, for a high-quality result, it is very important to follow the correct sequence of the process: it is performed in several stages.

Plastering walls is a task that requires special knowledge, skills and abilities from the performer. Properly leveling the walls will make the process of wallpapering easier and will significantly improve appearance premises. This kind of work can be done independently, but more often it is still trusted to the masters. In any case, when carrying out this procedure you will have to take into account some nuances.

WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN PLASTERING WALLS?

To get a high-quality result (perfectly smooth walls), you need 4 components of success:

experienced master plasterer;
high-quality plaster mixture (you need to carefully familiarize yourself with its composition and the manufacturer);
proper preparation of the solution;
proper storage conditions for the plaster mixture before starting work (no moisture allowed).

In addition, you need to clearly understand the purpose for which the walls of this premises finished with plaster. Plastering walls under wallpaper is a slightly different situation than plastering bathroom walls under tiles. IN in this case you need to properly plaster the walls with gypsum plaster so that the main decor (tiles or wallpaper) sticks.

HOW TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT PLASTER MIXTURE?
The best way to plaster walls depends on the home owner’s wallet, as well as on the characteristics of the room in which repairs need to be made. In addition, it is important to understand why you should plaster walls - for wallpaper, tiles or just painting.

Which plaster is better to use? First, you need to know that plaster can be dry or wet. Secondly, there are three types of both dry and wet plaster:

ordinary (actually the composition for leveling the walls);
decorative (colored, terrazite or stone);
special.

The cheapest option is lime plaster. But this option, unfortunately, is short-lived and is only suitable for plastering walls inside the building. External part plastered with a different composition. In addition, lime is absolutely not suitable for the bathroom. The fact is that lime is afraid of moisture.

Main advantages gypsum plasters- good sound and heat insulation. This is a plastic material in which cracks rarely form. This plaster dries quickly and hardens. A few hours are enough for this.

Unfortunately, such mixtures are not sufficiently resistant to moisture and mechanical damage. Before plastering the walls with gypsum plaster, you need to study all the features of the room. At the same time, you can decorate the walls with Rotband (popular gypsum plaster) even in the bathroom.

INTERESTING!

Cement is a universal option for plastering walls both inside and outside. The main advantages of the material are resistance to moisture and changes temperature regime. It can also be used to plaster bathroom walls before laying tiles. It is recommended to choose it if the owners do not know which dry or wet plaster is best for finishing internal or external walls.

Also, many users are interested in how quickly the applied plaster will dry. From this point of view, cement and gypsum mixtures are practical. In addition, you need to read on the bag or bucket with the mixture at what temperature the mixture dries fastest.

VARIETIES OF DRY PLASTER
Dry plaster can be:

simple;
improved;
high quality

The quality of dry plaster is determined by differences. Normal - with differences of no more than 3 mm, improved - with differences of no more than 2 mm. In high-quality, differences of a maximum of 1 mm are allowed.

The simple one is usually finished in warehouses, basements and other premises for utility purposes; the second one is used in public institutions - hospitals and schools. But the walls of residential buildings are finished with high quality.

HOW TO PLASTER WALLS WITH YOUR OWN HANDS?
To know how to properly plaster walls with your own hands, you can read a lot of tips on the Internet.

However, it all comes down to two options:

plastering on beacons
plastering without beacons.

Anyone can learn how to plaster walls, although it will be more difficult for a beginner than for a professional plasterer.

When deciding how and with what to plaster the walls in the bathroom under tiles or the walls of living rooms before wallpapering, it is important to correctly assess the quality of the existing surface.

To plaster the walls yourself, you will need to apply the solution in three layers. The resulting excess is removed with a trapezoidal spatula. You will have to buy it before plastering walls of any material with your own hands.

In any case, the solution must be applied extremely carefully.

Plastering without beacons
Plastering in a plane (using a rule) is a good option, if the walls are relatively smooth. If there are serious unevenness on the walls, the contractor has no other choice but to plaster the walls according to the beacons. Thanks to beacon profiles, unevenness is eliminated with an accuracy of 1 mm/m2.

Plastering without beaconsUsually metal beacons are used for this, although artificial plaster ones can also be created. In the second case, you can save the plaster mixture (the layer with iron beacons will be at least 6 mm).

Before plastering aerated concrete walls, you need to make sure that the plaster mixture is ideal for them. This material is environmentally friendly, it lets oxygen in and out of the room carbon dioxide, therefore, the choice of plaster should be taken responsibly.

Technologies of how to plaster walls made of foam block, foam concrete, as well as how to plaster concrete walls, differ little from each other. Here it is important to choose only the right mixture. The technologies for plastering wooden walls are also similar.

How to plaster brick walls depends on the location of the surface to be finished. Concrete and other moisture-resistant materials are suitable from the outside, but it is also permissible to plaster brick walls inside the house with gypsum mixtures.

Methodology for plastering walls cement-sand mortar, is similar to the methods of working with any other wall finishing products. The main thing is to add the required amount of water.

How to plaster walls using beacons?
Many users are looking for tips on how to plaster walls without beacons. Here you have to determine the layer thickness and surface quality by eye. This method is suitable for relatively flat surfaces. This way minor imperfections are smoothed out.

Plastered walls are already finished with the chosen paint, wallpaper or tiles - it depends on the purpose of the room and the desires of the owner.

Plastering work is carried out not only to level the surface, but also to give it various decorative properties.
It’s just important to know how to properly plaster with cement mortar. Having studied the technology of preparatory and plastering work, it is possible to obtain a high-quality surface that will last for many years.

What do you need to know to properly apply plaster to the walls?
The work is divided into several stages.
Stage of surface preparation, tools and materials.
Installation of beacons. The installation of beacons is written on the website in the article.
Preparation of the composition and application of plaster to the surface.

Initial stage of work

Every surface must pass.
Surface preparation for plastering includes cleaning the surface from old paint, wallpaper, dirt and grease stains.

To make it easier to remove old wallpaper, apply a special solution to the surface that lifts the material. After a short exposure, lift the old wallpaper with a spatula, moving it under the wallpaper.
Old paint is removed with a spatula or wire brush.

A cleaned and dried surface is a must.
A primer is a liquid that contains substances that increase the adhesion of building materials.
It is imperative to follow the rule of using finishing materials from one manufacturer.
If you bought a dry plaster mixture from a certain manufacturer, then buy a primer from the same manufacturer.
A primer called Betokontakt, which is a polymer dispersion with increased resistance to alkali, is in high demand. The liquid contains quartz sand, which increases the adhesion of the primer several times.

Applying plaster

The process of applying plaster is carried out subject to the following requirements:

the temperature in the premises should be in the range of + 5…30ºС, and the relative air humidity cannot be higher than 60%;
a special tool is used;
The plaster solution is applied in stages using special techniques.
The most popular tools are:
spatulas and trowels of various sizes;
wide matting brush;
duralumin or wooden falcon;
grater, grater, rule.

How to properly prepare a solution for plaster

The selected plaster mixture is prepared according to certain rules and strictly according to the attached instructions.
Pour into a clean plastic bucket required quantity water according to the instructions supplied with the dry plaster mixture. Then pour the dry mixture in the desired parts.
Use a special mixer to mix the mixture.

You need to prepare such an amount of solution that you can process during the life of the solution. It is indicated on the packaging of dry plaster and is less than 1 hour.

How to apply plaster mortar correctly

Before applying the solution, you need to fix the reinforcing mesh to the wall or fill the shingles. Be sure to cut the seams on the brick and apply a notch to the concrete surface. The depth of the joints to be cut in the brick must be at least 5 mm. The concrete surface is moistened with water.

To apply putty to the wall, use two spatulas: up to 50 cm long and a spatula up to 10 cm wide.
Using a small spatula, the solution is applied to the large one, and with the larger one it is applied to the wall.
The solution can be applied with a trowel or trowel.

You should throw the solution between the beacons from below, and go up. The solution is leveled using a rule that is constantly moving in the horizontal plane and moving upward.
Remove the remaining putty from the rule with a small spatula, applying Right place on the wall.
Always clean the container of any remaining solution after it has been used. The new solution is mixed only in a clean container without traces of the previous solution.

Remaining defects on the wall are eliminated after the solution has dried. The resulting sagging or grooves are best removed with a spatula.

The ceiling is plastered first, and then the walls.

The classic method of applying plaster

The plaster solution is applied in several layers.
The first layer is applied by spray. The second layer is . The third layer is the covering. The adhesion strength of the plaster on the wall depends on the application of the first layer.
The spray is applied with a liquid solution that fills the cells of the reinforcing mesh, shingles, notches in concrete, and joints in brickwork.
The layer thickness on concrete and brick does not exceed 5 mm, on mesh or shingles up to 10 mm.
A trowel is used for spraying.
The surface is rough and does not require leveling.

The spray layer must be primed after the layer has hardened but is still wet. Determined by an open palm placed on a rough surface. The surface is quite hard, but also wet at the same time.
The primer solution is somewhat thicker than the spray solution and spreads well with a spatula.
A solution is applied to the middle of the falcon and, using a wide spatula, the composition is thrown onto the wall. Each portion of the solution must be smoothed with a spatula. The solution is poured overlapping and immediately smoothed out.
A falcon is a square wooden plank with plaster mortar applied to the middle.
The primer layer is covered with a finishing layer of plaster and is designed to eliminate the smallest defects. The thickness of the finishing layer does not exceed 2 mm. The finishing layer is applied to the wet primer layer with a wide spatula in an arc, pressing the bottom edge against the primed layer.

Today, the situation when an apartment in a new building is greeted with bare walls without any finishing or plastering is the norm. Faced with this, the owners are launching a large-scale renovation of the entire apartment. And one of the top priorities is plastering the walls. To perform this type of work, you need to know how to plaster walls and be able to use the tool.

First of all, you need to stock up on the required tools.

We will need a steel brush to clean the surface. Brushes can vary in size and hardness.
We will use bush hammers, trojans, and teeth to apply notches. Bush hammer - a heavy hammer with serrated ends.
Scraper for applying plaster.
The falcon is used for convenience; a single portion of plaster mortar is placed in it, which will then be applied to the walls.
The solution is mixed with a plaster spatula, applied to the wall surface and rubbed.
A trowel is convenient for leveling the solution over the surface.
A grater is needed for grouting plaster.
The rule is to control the evenness of the surface.
A level or plumb line is required for control in the horizontal direction.
Plaster mixture. We’ll talk about the best way to plaster walls later.

Rules for applying plaster

It is necessary to properly plaster the walls in three layers; remove excess mortar with a wide trapezoidal spatula

Preparation: ensure adhesion

1. Clean the surface from dust, dirt, and deposits.

2. Wet the surface with water. It is very convenient to do this from a garden sprayer, but if this is not possible, then you can use a broom.

3. If the wall is brick, deepen the seams between the bricks by about 1 cm. This is necessary for better adhesion of the mortar to the surface.

4. If the wall is concrete and is a smooth surface, we make notches on it with a notch and a hammer 15 mm long and 3 mm deep. There should be approximately 250 notches per m2. Then we clean the wall with a brush and moisten it with water.

5. If the wall is wooden, we split the boards and stuff shingles on top. You can use plywood scraps 15 mm wide and 4 mm thick and stuffed diagonally. The result should be a diagonal sheathing on the wall.

Important! Instead of shingles, you can use mesh - chain-link. It must be stuffed onto plywood strips, and not directly onto the wall; the gap between the wall and the stack should be about 3 mm.

Solution application technique

1. We collect a portion of the plaster mortar into the falcon.

2. Using a plaster spatula, remove the mortar from the falcon and throw it onto the wall. It is most convenient to pick up the solution with the angle of the spatula, moving away from you towards the middle of the falcon. The throwing motion is carried out only with the hand, and not with the whole arm. Do not wave too hard, otherwise the solution may splash.

Important! There is another method of application - spreading. We place the falcon against the wall, take a portion of the solution with a spatula and spread it on the wall. But keep in mind that throwing the solution provides better adhesion to the surface!

Spray is the first layer of plaster with the consistency of liquid sour cream. Required for wooden walls and is 10 mm. This layer is not needed for concrete and brick walls.

The soil - the second layer of dough-like consistency - evens out unevenness. The thickness is 20 mm and no more, even if the layer is applied in several stages, this limit is the maximum.

Covering - the third layer is again from a solution of creamy consistency. Only this time it is necessary to approach its preparation more carefully. The thickness is 2-5 mm. The covering smoothes out all remaining imperfections in the soil.

Important! For concrete and brick walls, plaster 5 mm thick is sufficient; for wooden walls, the layer should be 25 mm or more in order to completely cover the shingles or mesh.

3. Level the plaster mortar with a trowel. We drive it both horizontally and vertically. This must be done with each layer separately. The better we level the soil, the easier and more correctly we will apply the covering. We level the spray only if drops of solution hang from it.

Important! Do not forget to control the evenness of the surface as a rule. And after leveling the covering, wait until the solution dries.

4. Rub the surface with a grater.

First, we grout in a circular manner. Press the grater tightly against the wall and make circular movements counterclockwise. All irregularities will be cut off with the edges of the grater.

Then we perform the grouting at speed. It is necessary to remove circular marks left after circular grouting. We clean the grater from any remaining solution, press it to the surface and make sharp movements-sweeps, erasing traces.

How to plaster on beacons

If the walls have significant unevenness, protrusions or other defects, then it is necessary to perform plaster along the beacons, if, of course, you want to get a perfectly flat horizontal and vertical surface.

If the walls are made of wood, brick or other material into which nails can easily be inserted, then wooden planks or metal beacons: aluminum or steel can be used as beacons.

If the walls are made of a more durable material, then plaster or plaster is used as beacons.

We install beacons strictly according to level

Stages of work:

1. At a distance of about 15-20 cm from the corner of the room or the beginning of the wall, make a plumb line. We drive a nail at the top of the wall and hang a plumb line on it with a rope.

2. Cooking cement mortar or alabaster and strictly along the plumb line we throw small piles of mortar onto the wall. It is on them that we will mount the beacons. In a vertical position, three such piles are enough.

3. Take a beacon, for example, an aluminum one. We apply it to the piles of mortar and carefully press it in so that the outer edge of the lighthouse protrudes from the wall by 15-20 mm. Be sure to check the evenness of the beacon with a level.

4. We install the second beacon at the other edge of the wall. And one more in the middle between them. The technology is the same, only now it is necessary to check the level of their relative position so that it is the same. To do this, in addition to the vertical plumb line, you can stretch the string horizontally.

Important! If the wall is very long, there should be more beacons. Approximately 1 m apart. We check the location of the beacons with a level.

5. We finally fix the beacons on the wall, covering their edges with concrete mixture. We are waiting for the solution to harden and the beacons will “sit” firmly in place.

6. Apply the plaster in the same way as already described above. We fill all the cracks and potholes.

Important! The layer of plaster should protrude 2-3 mm beyond the edges of the beacons.

7. Level the plaster using the rule. We apply it to the beacons, press down and, moving from bottom to top along the beacons, remove the excess layer of plaster.

8. If there is not enough mixture, add more to fill the voids. We continue to level and add until the wall is level. Then wait until the solution dries. It will take 10-12 days.

The video demonstrating how to properly plaster walls describes in detail the technology for installing beacons and plastering on beacons.

Afterwards, you can carry out a “finish” plastering of the walls or immediately putty.

How to plaster slopes

The most difficult stage in plastering works These are slopes, window openings and corners.

Luzg - internal corner formed by the connection of two walls or a wall and a ceiling.

Usenok — external corner formed by two walls.

Plastering slopes is the most difficult stage

Beacons are a good help in plastering slopes. Where the walls meet the ceiling, we set a rule and fill the space under it with mortar.

Grind using a grater. We correct all defects and check the evenness of the layer using the rule.

To plaster the vertical husk to the lighthouse, we place the rule at the bottom near the floor and fill the empty space with mortar. After a while, we remove the rule; underneath it should be a perfectly even strip of solution. We are waiting for it to dry. We make the same strip at the top of the wall. These stripes will serve as horizontal beacons for us. Then we apply the plaster to the empty space and level it relative to our mortar beacons. We erase all small defects and irregularities.

In the case of studs, it is convenient to nail a perfectly flat wooden plank onto the adjacent plastered wall and secure it near the edge so that it is convenient to level the mortar along it. Apply the plaster mixture to the slope. We level the mortar using the rule if the wall is smooth. If we are plastering the slope of a window opening, then we use an angle tool to level it in order to maintain correct angle near the window frame.

After the solution dries, rub it with a grater. We check the evenness of the plaster with a level. Then remove the auxiliary strips.

How to plaster slopes: video

The best way to plaster walls

For plastering internal surfaces, it is best to choose the following mixtures: lime mortar, lime-clay, lime-clay-gypsum mortar, lime-gypsum or cement-lime mortar. If the walls are wooden, you can use a solution with the addition of gypsum. The main thing to remember is that plaster dries quickly.

To plaster external walls, use lime mortar, cement-lime or cement-clay mortar.

Cement mortars are used to repair old plaster and finish bumps.

Different mixtures are used for internal and external surfaces

Lime mortar is prepared from 1 part lime paste and 1-5 parts sand. Sand is added gradually until the solution becomes homogeneous. The solution should stick slightly to the trowel and resemble dough.

Lime-clay mortar is a mixture of 1 part liquid clay dough, 1/3 part lime dough and 3-6 parts sand. Mix the clay and lime dough, then gradually begin to add sand, continuing to stir.

Mix the cement-lime mortar from 1 part cement, 1-3 parts lime paste and 6-8 parts sand. Add sand to dry cement and mix, add milk of lime and mix. If the dough is too thick, add a little water and mix.

We prepare a lime-gypsum solution from 1 part gypsum and 3-4 parts lime. Take a container, pour water, pour a thin layer of plaster and quickly knead. The result should be a not very thick homogeneous mass. Add lime mortar to it and mix.

Cement mortar is used most often for thick layers of plaster or on external walls. Mix 1 part cement and 2-5 parts sand and, adding water, knead like dough.

If you choose the right solution for plastering walls and follow all the recommendations for application technology, this will greatly facilitate further finishing work.

Plastering walls allows you to level their surface for further finishing of the area with putty, tile ceramic tiles. If you try and plaster correctly, following the technology, then in the future you get an ideal surface that allows you to complete the finishing without problems and the cost of additional labor.

The quality of the final finish is half dependent on the evenness of the surface on which it is performed. In addition, an important role is played by the overconsumption of an expensive finishing component, which will be used instead of an inexpensive starting mixture for plastering work.

Various formulations for application

Plastering can be done with various compositions and components, depending on material wealth and expectations of the final effect.

Wet plaster

Prepared from original natural ingredients, mixed by hand or in electric mortar mixers:

Application of dry mixtures

IN modern conditions construction production plastered with dry ready-made mixtures, which are carefully crushed and modernized during the manufacturing process in a factory. The mixture contains gypsum components. Such dry mixtures should only be mixed with water in sufficient quantities and can be applied to the walls.

They are very convenient to work with, since gypsum makes them plastic and increases adhesion to various reasons. A small drawback is that ready-made aqueous solutions They harden quite quickly, but for craftsmen this is not a burdening factor - they manage to work out the solution long before it sets. Dry mixtures are divided into:

for plastering interior spaces, gypsum-sand compositions with the addition of modernized components are used;
plastering of external walls is done with cement-gypsum mixtures with plastic additives.

Plastering technology

Perform plastering walls can be done in two ways:

Acceptance tolerances for plastered surfaces

Requirements for the quality of work are specified in SNiP III-21–1973 and are classified according to difficulty for high quality, advanced and simple plaster.

Simple plaster is used in rooms with small quality requirements; deviations from the vertical are allowed within 0.3 cm per 1 linear meter, provided that the total vertical deviation in a standard room with a height of 2.5 m does not exceed 0.75 cm. Smooth plaster is allowed depressions and protrusions in the amount of 3 pieces for every 4 m2, provided that they are no more than 5 mm. Horizontal deviation is allowed no more than 3 mm per linear meter.

The requirements set out in SNiP for improved plaster allow for fewer irregularities. The wall can deviate vertically by no more than 0.2 cm per linear meter; the total deviation allows an error of no more than 1 cm over the entire height of the room. For the same 4 meters, no more than two depressions are allowed or bulges 0.3 cm deep. Along a horizontal straight line, a deviation of no more than 0.2 cm is allowed.

High-quality plaster must be taken even more strictly. Its characteristic permissible deviations are 0.1 cm per vertical meter. At four meters, as in the previous category, two irregularities are allowed, but their permissible depth is reduced to 0.2 cm. On the horizontal plane, a difference of only 0.1 cm is allowed on each meter.

Tools and materials for plastering walls with your own hands

Beacons are narrow strips of metal with a rigid central guide, equipped with a large number of holes on the side surfaces. Lighthouse slats will play the role of leveled and fixed longitudinal supports for running along them as a rule when leveling the applied solution. Lighthouses are divided into types of 0.6 cm and 1 cm; their length is 3 m.

The rule is a flat and strong lath with a sharp plane on one side. It is designed to pull off excess mortar from the surface, resting on a frame of beacons. To check verticality and horizontality, a level is inserted into some rules. Also, for plastering with your own hands you will need such tools and materials:

drill with mixer for mixing the solution;
hammer drill with drills for attaching beacons;
dowels, black wood screws;
rule with level or separately building level two or more meters long;
metal scissors for cutting lighthouse slats;
hammer, chisel, plumb line;
large spatula, from 40 to 60 cm;
ironed, grater;
buckets for mixing solution and water;
wide brush for priming the surface;
tape measure and gloves with a rubberized surface;
bags with dry mixture;
deep penetration soil.

When all materials and tools are prepared, plastering of the walls begins.

Preparation, priming of walls and fastening of beacons with your own hands

To begin installing beacons, the walls are examined for deviations from the vertical and horizontal. All protrusions and depressions mark with pencil or chalk. Sometimes large protruding parts are easier to knock off with a chisel or ax so as not to put a lot of mortar around them. All this is objectively assessed and accepted correct solution. For the correct concept of a preparatory inspection, there is a video in which all stages are shown in detail.

After this, they begin marking the surface for installing the lighthouse slats. The outermost beacons on both sides are installed first, retreating from the edge by 0.3 m. The distance from the first to the second beacon is determined by the length of the rule. If the rule is two meters, then the distance take about 1.6 m. In this case, you need to follow a straight line laid at the level of the floor and ceiling from the first to the last beacon on one wall. The top and bottom of all intermediate slats must be on it. To make the position of the straight line clear, the threads should be tightened.

When installing beacons with your own hands, you should achieve such alignment that all angles are 90º. Before installing the beacons, be sure to treat the wall with soil, and follow the instructions on the package to dilute the solution. Loose surfaces are primed twice, the first layer is applied with a weak solution, and the second in the proportion on the package. After complete drying, marking work continues.

The installation of all intermediate beacons is carried out only along the boundaries of the threads, stretched diagonally and horizontally in several places. The beacon slats should touch them from the inside, but not protrude beyond their boundaries and do not strain them.

At first, the beacons are not attached, but only applied to exposed screws, checking them with a level. They are fastened with a mixture for plaster, diluted specifically for this operation. The mixture is applied in an even line along the screws so that it protrudes beyond their plane.

The lighthouse is brought to the line of screws and pressed down until it touches the caps. It is convenient to do this with two people from below and from above. The process of installing beacons is perfectly shown in the video. After the initial setting of the solution, they proceed to installing the next beacon. The rules and levels involved in the work process must be cleared of adhering solution.

The process of applying plaster mortar

To prepare the solution, pour water into a bucket and only then add the dry mixture. If you do the opposite, the resulting solution will set during the kneading process and it will not be possible to thoroughly stir the mixture until smooth. To apply a thick layer, make a thick solution, which will stick to the spatula. It is not possible to apply a large layer with a liquid solution.

The solution is applied with a spatula into the spaces between the beacons. If you do this kind of work with your own hands several times and watch the corresponding video, you can get used to applying just enough plaster to properly cover all the voids. You need to apply the solution from the bottom up, gradually removing the excess solution with a rule, progressively lifting it in a zigzag motion. The solution remaining on the rule is carefully removed into a bucket with a spatula or placed on the wall above for further use.

It is not recommended to add mortar particles that have fallen to the floor to the total mass, since dried particles in the mixture will be left on the wall surface long and deep furrows, which will additionally have to be filled with plaster. In the resulting voids, where the solution was not laid down sufficiently, you need to add the mixture and re-use the rule.

After completely applying the plaster to the entire strip between adjacent beacon slats, you need to carry out control pulling through the beacons several times. As a rule, there are unfinished areas at the very bottom and top, which are additionally applied.

After plastering, check the surface using a rule at different angles. If there are lumps that do not fit into the overall picture, they can be scraped off with a spatula while the solution has just hardened. Cracks and deep scratches are covered with a liquid solution and smoothed out.

After setting and hardening, the mixture is removed metal beacons which may rust and appear as brown spots on finishing. After removing the slats, grooves will remain, which are filled with mortar and smoothed to obtain the correct surface.

There are times when it is necessary to apply a layer of plaster more than five centimeters, then it is recommended to apply the solution in two stages.

For this procedure, the mixture is diluted in small portions and a more liquid composition. Before grouting, treat the work area of about a meter with water. The solution is applied to a grater and evenly applied to the surface. They continue to do this repeatedly, strongly pressing on the rule. If everything is done correctly, the result will be an even and smooth section of the wall, and there will be no liquid solution left on the grater.

This is how the following neighboring areas are processed; the work process can be viewed on video to make it more clear. The grouting process should take place without interruptions and you can only be distracted by preparing the solution.

If plastering and leveling the walls is carried out as a basis for finishing tiles, then the correct thing to do would be not to rub down the walls. The smallest irregularities on the surface, on the contrary, will help the adhesive solution adhere to the surface.

Mechanical methods of applying plaster mortar

They are used for finishing walls in large areas and lengths, both indoors and outdoors. For such a process, which can be seen on video, we use special plastering machine, equipped with a water supply and a container for receiving dry mixture. After mixing the solution, it is supplied to the wall through a special hose with nozzles.

When applied mechanically, the beacons are set in a standard way, and the solution is leveled using a rule. The mechanical method is characterized by a reduction in labor intensity by eliminating the operation of preparing a solution from manual labor. Due to this application, it is possible to treat a much larger area in the same period of time.

Alignment of walls plaster mortar is an integral part of any room decoration in modern conditions; the amount of basic material spent depends on its correct implementation finishing material.