DIY building blocks drawings. DIY concrete blocks at home. Correct casting of the mixture

Cinder block is one of the materials in demand today. It is used for the construction of objects for various purposes and of various sizes. These can be small outbuildings or industrial buildings.

For the manufacture of a cinder block, a special device is used, the principle of which is vibrocompression of the concrete mixture. To significantly save on building material, you can make building blocks yourself. To do this, you need to purchase or independently design a vibropressing machine.

To start making concrete blocks with your own hands, you need to prepare all the tools and materials that you may need in the process. The standard size of the cinder block is 390x188x190 mm. The inside of the product remains hollow. Two or three holes act as a void, the shape and size of which directly depend on the configuration of the machine.

Thanks to such voids, the cinder block provides sufficient sound absorption and thermal insulation of the house. But, despite such a hollow structure, the material is very durable and will last for many years. Starting to manufacture, you can significantly save on building material.

Initially, concrete blocks were made from slag. In order to prepare the classic version of the cinder block, certain proportions should be observed:

• 7 parts of coal slag from the blast furnace;
• 2 parts of expanded clay sand (it is better to give preference to a large fraction);
• 2 parts of gravel, fraction must be at least 5 and not more than 215 mm;
• 1.5 parts of cement grade 500;
• 3 parts water.

Other materials can be used as a filler, just in classic version it was the slag that was used. Today it is difficult to get it, so brick waste, expanded clay, ash, gravel, screenings, crushed stone, gypsum or processed sawdust can be used instead. The amount of water may vary slightly depending on the filler. Its amount must be adjusted during the preparation of the solution. The main thing is that it is not too dry, but the spreading of the solution is also considered unacceptable.

In order to check the consistency of the mortar, you need to throw a small amount on the ground. Smooth spreading of the mixture without water drips is considered normal, and if the mixture is squeezed into a fist, it should stick together.

If concrete blocks are made with your own hands using slag, it is very important to control that there are no foreign objects. The slag must be cleaned of various chips and earth. It is unacceptable that unburned coal is included in the solution. In order to eliminate contamination, the material must be sieved through a sieve.

If gypsum is additionally added to the cinder block, then the proportion of materials will be slightly changed. Gypsum (1 part) is mixed with three parts of the slag mixture, water is added during mixing. This solution should be used immediately after preparation, as the gypsum will dry out quickly. It is recommended to soak the slag in water for a while before preparing such a solution.

The modern building materials market offers various additives that significantly improve the quality of the mortar. You can add a plasticizer to the solution, you need about 5 g per cinder block. Such additives increase frost resistance, water resistance and strength.

There are two types of concrete blocks. They can be hollow and full-bodied. The first ones are much easier, they are used for the construction of walls, since they do not create too much load on the foundation, in addition, such blocks have good sound and heat insulation. Solid blocks are most often used for foundation construction.

In order to make a cinder block, you can use two technologies. One is based on the use of a wooden mold in which the concrete dries. For the second method, you need to purchase or make your own special machine.

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Manufacturing method using molds

Both wood and metal can be used as the material from which such forms are made. If wood is used to create the mold, it must be very well dried. It should be additionally treated with a product that will increase moisture resistance. Otherwise, after a short time, the forms may deform, which will affect the geometry of the concrete blocks. The inner size of the mold should be 400x200x200 mm. But this is not a limitation, the shape can be of various sizes.

This shape consists of a bottom and side walls. To make the production process faster, it is recommended to make several molds. In order for all corners of the form to fill well, the solution should be prepared more liquid. To make the blocks hollow at home using a mold, you can use empty glass bottles.

After the solution is poured into the mold, the bottle neck is lowered into the mixture, the surface is leveled and the required height of the concrete block is made. After 5-6 hours, the bottles should be removed and the blocks should be left to dry further. Drying of blocks takes at least a day, after which they can be removed from the molds and stacked in stacks. Before construction, such blocks must lie down for at least 1 month.

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Concrete blocks using vibrocompression machine

Using special equipment, concrete blocks are made more durable and of better quality. Is it possible to manufacture a vibrating pressing machine with your own hands? Quite.

Tools needed to create special equipment:

• grinder for cutting sheets;
• welding machine;
• meter and chalk (pencil) for basting;
• pliers;
• a hammer.

For the manufacture of matrices into which the concrete mixture will be poured, it is necessary to take sheet metal with a thickness of no more than 3 mm. The machine must be equipped with a 100 W motor, in addition, a load must be prepared that will create imbalance and vibration.

In order to make such a machine, it is necessary to use sheet steel. Blanks are cut from it:

• 2 pieces measuring 400x250 mm;
• 2 pieces measuring 200x250 mm;
• visor 400x150 mm;
• ribs - 4 pieces measuring 40x40 mm;
• clamp 39.5x19.5 mm.

After all the blanks are made, you can start assembling the main matrix. For this, parts of 400x200 mm and 200x250 mm are used. It is very important that all welds are on the outside. Otherwise, the finished concrete blocks will have rounded corners. The result will be a 400x200x250 matrix. To make voids inside the cinder block, you need to use a pipe with a diameter of 80 mm. The length of the workpieces should not exceed 250 mm.

After the main matrix is \u200b\u200bready, it is necessary to install pipe blanks inside it. It is very important to control their distance from each other and from the walls. All dimensions must be identical. In order to connect the pipes to each other and give them additional strength, prepared stiffeners of 40x40 mm should be used. This design is welded to the die.

The final stage is the installation of the vibrator, it is attached to the longest side of the matrix. Bolts are used to secure it. After the bolts are tightened, they are welded for extra strength. To protect the motor from water and mortar contamination, a visor is welded on top. A leg is welded on the edge of the visor, which will give additional strength. For convenience, handles are welded to the dies.

At any building materials store or market, you can purchase special blocks used to construct a building. However, building stone is not at all necessary to buy, you can make it yourself.

Wall blocks have many properties:

They are strong, durable, have improved frost resistance and fire resistance. There is also another property of wall blocks - an increase in the usable area of \u200b\u200bpremises due to the thickness of the wall blocks without reducing the quality of heat transfer. That is why wall blocks are confidently replacing the usual materials for construction. Wall blocks will help you at low cost to obtain high-quality building material, therefore - high-quality construction. A house built of wall stones will be comfortable and warm, and will also save a lot. Moreover, the cost of the wall blocks themselves compares favorably with other building materials. Wall blocks create a feeling of comfort due to the fact that they have a heat-resistant effect, so in a room made of wall blocks you will be cool in summer and warm in winter. Therefore, the cost of heating is one third less than in houses built of bricks. Also, a positive property of wall blocks is that the walls created from them are much lighter than the walls built from bricks, thus, less load on the foundation is created. This means that there is a guarantee that your home will not only be warm, but also durable and less prone to collapse. Plus, your costs for the delivery of wall blocks are reduced exponentially. Due to their weight (wall blocks are much lighter than, for example, bricks), the volumes of the delivered material will be larger.
So, why should you choose wall blocks for building your house, the pros:

guarantee warmth, comfort, frost-resistant and fireproof

increase useful area premises due to their small thickness

do not reduce the quality of heat transfer in the room

installed in a short amount of time

at their price and at the cost of installation costs are much cheaper than other building materials

DIY blocks

I chose the size of the blocks 510x250x215 mm (volume of 14 bricks). 11 forms without bottoms were welded from sheet metal waste. I welded 2 handles on the sides. I spread the roofing material right on the ground, put the form. To prevent the mixture from sticking to the walls of the mold, I wipe them from the inside with a cloth moistened with used oil or diesel fuel. I fall asleep there hard expanded clay concrete. I don't ram very hard. I remove the first form after filling the 11th - this is about 10-12 minutes. The blocks stand in place for 12 hours. Then I move them under the canopy. They harden at positive temperatures within 24 days. The canopy is made of roofing material, tarpaulin or plastic wrap. Under it, the blocks will be protected from rain and sun.

Do-it-yourself blocks I tried to make blocks with voids. I inserted two wooden rounds, turned into a cone and wrapped in roofing iron. Void formers can be round, square, rectangular ... Depending on how the blocks are laid, the wall thickness is 215, 250 or 510 mm.

For thick walls, it is better to make blocks hollow, for thin ones - filled. Conventionally, walls 215mm thick without voids can be called cold, 250mm - semi-warm, 510mm with voids - warm.

To make half blocks, I insert an iron sheet into the mold in the center. In the blanks that are used to form openings in the wall of the house, you have to think of wooden plugs to secure the door and window frames.

Blocks with my own hands I tried to make blocks using a vibrator, but the solution goes to the bottom of the mold and expanded clay does not bind. To prevent this from happening, I welded a common mold for several blocks. The vibrator was attached to the side. The walls of the mold were made 1/3 higher - this is for the shrinkage of concrete during vibration.

The fillers can be local non-scarce materials: expanded clay, slag, sawdust, etc. For the preparation of the mixture, I used cement, expanded clay and sand in a ratio of 1: 4: 1.

The hardest job is making concrete. To make it a little easier, I first made manual concrete mixer from a two-hundred-liter barrel. Its axis of rotation is shifted by 10 cm relative to the center. I welded the crosspieces inside. Thus, due to the eccentric rotation of the barrel and thanks to the crosses, good mixing of the mass was ensured. After 8 turns of the barrel, the solution was ready.

Thus, I made 500 blocks. They were enough for laying a warm barn measuring 6.2x4 m and an extension to it - a cold barn.

Despite the fact that the blocks are much larger in size and mass than ordinary red bricks, the masonry techniques and the set of tools remain the same. The dressing of the masonry in the corners and on straight sections of the walls is also observed. At the beginning of the brickwork, it is advisable to make a belt of red brick on the basement or foundation (after waterproofing). It should protrude outward from the base by 30-40 mm, protecting the latter from getting wet.

Building blocks yourself

The standard size building block is very easy to use. Laying is quite fast, but on the other hand they are not too heavy. In addition, the walls will be of standard sizes, that is, 200 or 400 millimeters.
So, the easiest way to make a form for blocks is from a cement-bonded particleboard of at least a centimeter thickness. You can also take sheet metal. Honestly, almost any material will do, but when choosing it is important to take into account how durable the form will be, whether it will not be saturated with moisture, how convenient it will be to get ready-made building blocks from it, and so on. Be guided in the choice of material for forms, first of all, follows logic.
Of course, to make blocks with your own hands in sufficient quantities, one form will be extremely small. It is better to make about five or ten forms at once, which will be quite enough to start. Further, if necessary, the number of forms can be increased.
As for the mortar for blocks self-made, it is recommended to use one of two options.
The first option allows you to make blocks of the so-called "cold concrete". To do this, take a traditional mortar, which is prepared from sand and cement in proportions of one to four. In other words, for one part of good Portland cement, you need to take four parts of sifted building sand.
Warm concrete is made from cement, sand and expanded clay. The proportions in this case will look like one to four to one. That is, for one part of cement, you need to take about four parts of expanded clay and only one part of sand.
Preparing building blocks is not a complicated process. The forms are filled with the solution, the excess solution is removed with a trowel and I try to level the upper part of the block. By the way, the forms should be installed on a flat surface so that the solution diverges as evenly as possible under the influence of gravity.
After a few hours, the blocks can be carefully removed from the molds and laid out to fully harden. They harden within a day, after which the self-made blocks are stacked on pallets for storage or taken directly to the construction site.

Building blocks at home

Nowadays, you can buy building blocks at any building market and building materials store. Their assortment is very large today, you just need to make a choice and you will be delivered your order right home. How to make building blocks yourself at home
But you can go the other way - you can make building blocks with your own hands. So, consider below the basic principles of how to make building blocks yourself at home.

First, you need to decide what size you plan to make the building block. The following size is considered to be the running size today: 400x200x200 mm. Blocks of such geometric parameters are not heavy, they are easy to lay when erecting a wall. With the help of such a block, you can easily make a wall of two types 200 mm thick and 400 mm thicker.

To create a form, with the help of which building blocks will be made by hand. We recommend making the mold for several blocks at once, this will significantly speed up the work process and the prepared concrete will be better used. You can make construction at home both full-bodied and with cavities. The mortar for blocks is made using cement and sand, while the proportion must be kept 1 to 4 (this is the so-called cold concrete). You can also add expanded clay, sawdust, slag or glass to the concrete mixture (this concrete is also called warm). Many people wonder: how to make building blocks yourself so that they do not stick to the form and have a flat and smooth outer surface. To do this, you need to do the following - apply to the walls of the mold with machine oil, and even better by working off.

When pouring building blocks at home, the mold must first be filled to 45-50%, then the concrete is tamped and the mixture is homogeneous. After that, you can fill the form completely again, ram it, level the top side, remove the remnants of the concrete mix from the brick form and let it harden. The concrete mixture must be allowed to harden for about 30 minutes. Then you carefully take out the form and you can carry out the next cycle of work. The blocks will completely harden only after 24 hours. Care should be taken to protect the blocks from direct sunlight and rain until completely dry.

So, you already know how to make building blocks yourself at home, now you can safely get to work. And if you make a shape for at least a dozen blocks for one run, then you are quite capable of making 120-150 blocks per day without assistance.

At any building materials store or market, you can purchase special blocks used to construct a building. However, building stone is not at all necessary to buy, you can make it yourself. Our article will tell you how to make building blocksdo it yourself.

Determine in advance the desired dimensions of the future building block. The most common and most popular size: 400x200x200 millimeters. Such a building stone is not too heavy, but the thickness of the wall can be 200 or 400 mm (this depends on personal preference).
For future building blocks, shapes need to be constructed. It is advisable to use cement particle board 10 mm thick and sheet metal (2-3 mm). A stone mold can also be made from wood that has been sanded from the inside.

Make the shape for one or more blocks (this will speed up the process of making building stone). Self-made blocks can be hollow or full-bodied (depending on personal preference), which affects the design of the mold.

For "cold concrete", prepare a mortar for blocks from cement and sand (proportion 1: 4), and for "warm concrete" - from cement, expanded clay and sand in a ratio of 1: 4: 1. Then fill the block mold halfway with the raw material. Tamp the solution (you can use a shovel handle) and only then add the missing "raw material" to the form.

Align the upper surface of the future block with the building rule, that is, remove the excess mortar with this tool. After thirty to forty minutes, carefully remove the block from the mold, and in it form a new building stone.

For complete hardening of the solution, the blocks are carefully transported to a special place protected from the sun and rain. The blocks will completely harden after twenty four hours.

Lightweight wall blocks and their benefits.

In addition to the traditional material for the construction of walls - bricks, in private housing construction, wall block materials, such as expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete and foam concrete, are increasingly used today. What are their differences, features, advantages and disadvantages?

KERAMZITOBETON.

Features: Expanded clay concrete blocks are made of expanded clay (foamed and fired clay), used as an aggregate with fractions of 5-10 mm, water and cement.
Advantages: In terms of thermal insulation characteristics, it surpasses brick, gas and foam concrete. Resistant to moisture. High strength, frost resistance

GAS CONCRETE

Features: Aerated concrete is obtained by adding a gas generator (aluminum powder) to a mixture of lime, cement, quartz sand. The material gains strength at elevated pressure and high temperature in autoclave furnaces. Aerated concrete is porous both inside and outside, i.e. its porous. The products are manufactured in the factory, so the quality of the products is guaranteed.
Advantages: Greater geometric dimensional accuracy, higher heat and sound insulation, strength.

FOAM CONCRETE

Features: Foam concrete (non-autoclaved aerated concrete) is made from a mixture of water, sand, cement and a foaming agent. It hardens naturally in special shapes. The structure of foam concrete consists of closed bubbles of different sizes. Products can be produced privately, directly on the construction site. Handmade blocks do not always correspond to the declared characteristics.
Advantages: Due to the closed pore structure, moisture absorption is lower.
Aerated concrete and foam concrete have a high accuracy of geometric dimensions, which allows them to be used during installation with adhesive mixtures, and not a conventional masonry mortar. Seam thickness of adhesive mixture - 2-3 mm, and from masonry mortar - 10-12 mm. This makes it possible to make the wall almost uniform, as warm as possible.

The common advantage of all materials under consideration is:
The high porosity of the materials provides high thermal insulation properties, excellent sound insulation characteristics. Due to the peculiarities of the structure of the material, the walls "breathe". Blocks are non-combustible, do not melt or emit harmful substances when heated. Due to their low weight, they significantly reduce the load on the foundation.

The common disadvantage of all the materials under consideration is:
Despite the high thermal insulation performance, walls made of these materials need to be insulated. The porosity of the blocks requires mandatory protection of the building walls from atmospheric precipitation. In this case, it is necessary to maintain the vapor permeability of the structure.

In aerated concrete and foam concrete, an additional disadvantage can be considered a low bending strength. Every three rows of masonry must be reinforced. A strip monolithic foundation or a monolithic basement floor is required.

How to make a wall block

Building blocks have a lot of advantages. Among them are the convenience and speed of construction of buildings, the relative cheapness of construction, and others. Wall blocks are one of the few materials with which you can build a house from scratch almost alone. If you have a lot of free time and not a lot of money, you can try making wall blocks yourself.

You will need

Cement brand M400;
- filler (expanded clay, slag, etc.);
- additive SDO (saponified wood resin);
- sand;
- a shovel;
- containers for measuring and stirring the solution;
- form for the block.

For 1 m³ of expanded clay concrete M75:
- cement M400 - 250 kg;
- expanded clay - 1.05 m³;
- sand - 0.2 m³;
- wood saponified resin (SDO) - 0.3 kg;
- water - 0.25-0.35 m³.

For 1 m³ of slag concrete M50:
- cement M400 - 200 kg;
- slag - 0.7 m³;
- sand - 0.25 m³;
- lime - 50 kg;
- water 0.1–0.15 m³.

Instructions

1 Choose the type of block that suits you best

Wall blocks can be made on the basis of various binders and fillers. Cement is used as the main component. The choice of fillers is much wider. It can be sand, expanded clay, slag, sawdust, etc. Depending on the type of fillers and their ratio with each other, you can get a material that differs in strength, thermal conductivity, moisture resistance, frost resistance. In the manufacture of wall blocks with my own hands most often, slag or expanded clay are chosen as fillers. Slag and expanded clay blocks have good operational properties - high thermal insulation combined with sufficient strength - and at the same time relatively cheap. Slag can often be purchased for free or at a very low price.

2 Decide on the brand of the block

The strength of a building block, characterized by its brand, is determined by the relative content of cement and fillers. By increasing the amount of cement and sand relative to expanded clay and slag, you can increase the strength of the block. However, it should be remembered that at the same time its thermal insulation properties decrease. It is necessary to find a middle ground between strength and thermal insulation.

3 Decide on the size of the block

The most common is the standard size 390x190x188 mm. However, you can make blocks of any size. Before settling on a certain size, you should determine the wall thickness of the building for which the blocks are intended, and then, based on it, choose the block size.

4 Make, buy or rent a block making machine

You can do without a machine by making the simplest collapsible molds (matrices) from sheet metal, wood or plastic. However, in this case, a large number of molds will be required, since the cast blocks will have to stay in the molds for some time to solidify. Slag block machines, thanks to the presence of a vibrator, allow the block to be unloaded immediately after forming. If you intend to make a large number of blocks, it is better to do this using a machine. The gain in time will be enormous.

5 Prepare the working mixture

Measure all the components in the required proportion (cement, sand, slag or expanded clay, lime) and mix them well in the gate container. Then add water with the LMS dissolved in it. Depending on the moisture content of the fillers, the water may require different amount, so add it gradually, stirring and assessing the fluidity of the mixture. Do not add water. The harder (less mobile) the mixture, the stronger the blocks are.

6 Fill in the form

If you are using manual demountable molds, when pouring, carefully compact the mixture in the mold with a trowel or shovel until the surface is even and covered with a thin layer of water. When using a cinder block machine to compact the mixture, it is enough to turn on the vibrator for a few seconds (5-8).

7 While the blocks harden, keep their surfaces moist. This can be achieved by regularly sprinkling water on the blocks or covering them with plastic wrap. Blocks should solidify while in the shade.

Everyone dreams of building their own house or buying an apartment. Some people like to be as close as possible to nature, others are attracted by the noisy metropolis. To build a house on your own, you need to have a significant amount of money. However, not everyone can afford to build their own building. In this case, you can make the materials yourself. Moreover, for their production, elementary improvised means are often used. How to make blocks yourself? This question is asked by a large number of novice builders who want to build a house.

To produce blocks, you need soil under the fertile layer. Naturally, a foundation of this nature is the most accessible. It is known that a similar tradition came from places that did not have a lot of woodland. For the manufacture of blocks, people in those places used the method of forming, ramming or formwork, into which the soil was simply packed.

To make the blocks yourself, it is possible to use a mechanical device. With the help of electric tools, you can get a well-mixed mixture without using your own efforts. This way the work is done quickly and efficiently.

For work you will need:

• metal sheets;
• cement-bonded particle board;
• cement;
• sand;
• expanded clay;
• roulette;
• pencil;
• tree;
• emery cloth;
• a hammer;
• nails;
• bucket;
• shovel;
• rule.

Building blocks are one of the most popular materials used in construction. With their help, you can build houses, garages, baths, outbuildings. The erected walls delight with warmth, solidity, a good degree of sound absorption.

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Varieties of building blocks

Any material of this type consists of cement, sand, water and fillers. Using certain ingredients, you can make a certain type of blocks:

The sequence of laying blocks: a - single-row dressing system; b - multi-row dressing system; c, d - multi-row ligation system in a mixed way (numbers indicate the sequence of laying).

1. Cinder block based on waste products from metallurgical enterprises. They are used in the construction of utility rooms. It is very convenient to lay such blocks. They are not capable of burning or freezing.
2. Sawdust concrete belongs to more convenient materials when laying. It can be easily cut, sawn, and mounted. It is lightweight. The sawdust itself acts as its constituent basis. To prevent their natural decay and swelling, on the eve of the laying, they should be held in a solution of slaked lime.
3. A block of gravel of various fractions. The named material has a large mass, which creates some difficulties during installation. It is a kind of concrete block.
4. Expanded clay block, which has good thermal insulation properties. It is lightweight, strong in base and easy to install.
5. Blocks with pine needles extracts, wood shavings, broken stone and shredded waste.

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Block production technique

Block mold production. Building blocks can be made using special machines for such production. Any such equipment can be used to build 1, 2, 3 or more shapes. A machine of this nature is represented by a vibrating table and vessels for shaping the blocks. Typical dimensions will be 190x190x390 cm. Removable partitions are provided here, with which you can make tiles of different sizes. Cavity devices are available which are 2 or 3 steel cylinders. A similar mechanism is simply laid in the block mold before the concrete is poured. As soon as the solution hardens, these devices are removed. The finished block has hollow holes. The presented method of making molds significantly saves cement mortar.

It is not difficult to make the necessary samples on such equipment. In a container, a concrete mixer, a solution is prepared with a certain filler. To make the finished product easy to remove from the mold, the container must be lubricated with machine oil. After that, a cement mixture is poured into it.

Then the vibrating table is switched on. After 2 minutes, the product is fully formed. In the process of vibrations, excess air leaves the concrete, as a result of which the composition turns out to be dense, since unnecessary water flows out of it. Once the product is formed, the surface should be smoothed with a spatula.

Now the block mold is moved to the place where the product will be dried. An open area with a roof or a special steaming chamber is well suited as such a site. Here it is important to monitor the smoothness and horizontalness of the surface. Removing the finished tile from such a form will not be difficult. To do this, the lower base, resembling a metal layer, is removed, and the side elements are raised. The dried out whole block remains in its place, it is not touched for several days. After a period of time, the blocks are moved to any point.

Soil blocks. Blocks are made using a special apparatus. This is where the mold, molding powder and blower move. Moreover, vibrations and sounds at the time of work are excluded. There is no need to control the weight, measure the value and check the pressure in the device.

Wood concrete blocks. Arbolite building blocks are lightweight materials made from wood chips, most often from conifers. It also contains sawdust, water, cement and chemical components.

The modern world dictates its own terms and allows you to create such materials yourself. According to the requirements of state standards, wood concrete is made of wood particles, the dimensions of which must correspond to 40x10x5 mm. The number of needles, leaves and bark is approximately 5-10%.

To make the desired composition, a significant amount of cement is required. And this will help reduce properties and retain heat. In this respect, wood chips are an important raw material.

Experienced builders often use shavings and sawdust in equal proportions. To avoid decay, the selected tiles must be cured for 3 months outdoors. Otherwise, deformation of the blocks will occur. Do not forget about periodic tedding of this mass. If this is not possible, then it can be treated with zinc oxide. To prepare wood concrete, you need to take a concrete mixer.

Shavings and sawdust are prepared independently using special machines or purchased commercially.

They are filled with water, to which liquid glass, calcium chloride (for quick hardening) and slaked lime are added as disinfection. Then the mixture is stirred in a concrete mixer with the addition of cement and some other components. After that, it is poured into molds. As such containers, you can make vessels from boards upholstered with linoleum. This will make it easier to pull out finished products.

Expanded clay blocks. For the production of such blocks, it is necessary to prepare a mold. For this, a board is taken and a vessel is made from it in the shape of the letter "G". From the inside, it is coated with machine oil or wrapped in tin. The end parts should have closures that help the composition take the desired shape.

You can make expanded clay blocks with voids. This will significantly reduce the amount of material consumed, but this work is a little more difficult to do.

In addition to the container itself, you must use tools such as:

• master OK;
• shovel;
• buckets;
• mixing container;
• metal plate;
• water, sand, expanded clay.

To make the solution more elastic, experienced craftsmen add 1 spoon of washing powder.

Casting rules. To give the mass the correct consistency and elasticity, mix all the ingredients and dilute them with water, keeping it for a small amount of time. After that, the mass should be transferred to a metal plate and mixed well.

The resulting mass is put into a mold, and then into a special vessel that creates vibrations. After 2 days, her locks open and she is released. Thereafter, the building blocks undergo a final hardening for 26 days.

Expanded clay concrete has good performance characteristics, due to which it is widely used in the construction industry. To build a house from it, it is not necessary to order finished material... You will save a lot if you make claydite concrete blocks with your own hands. This does not require the purchase of expensive equipment or raw materials.

Required materials and tools

When erecting a building from a large number of expanded clay concrete blocks (for example, you decided to build your own house), you will need to stock up on special equipment:

• with a concrete mixer (it is better to take a capacity of at least 130 liters), depending on the company, its cost can be 9.5-12 thousand rubles;
• manual vibrocompression machine: it can be purchased at hardware store for 7.5-10 thousand rubles. or order directly from the manufacturer; molds for pouring in such structures are already provided, so they do not need to be purchased or manufactured separately; if desired, you can make it yourself from a metal tabletop and an old working motor.

As practice shows, in the presence of special equipment and a sufficient supply of forms for a full working day, when working together, it is quite possible to get about 160 blocks. A mechanical manufacturing machine allows making 1-4 blocks in one cycle (1-2 minutes). If you take a few more assistants who will bring, fill in the raw materials and drag finished products, then the number of finished products will double.

A small number of blocks can be made without special equipment. In this case, you just need to select a container of suitable size for mixing the solution and make molds for pouring.

Form making

To make the blocks yourself, you can use either a general formwork or several separate forms. Matrices are assembled from two lateral parts in the shape of the letter "L" and a pallet (bottom) of the product. They can be made from a regular 20 mm board, sheet metal or plastic. The standard block has a size of 39x19x19.

It is better to fasten wooden forms with metal corners and sheathe the inside with thin-walled metal. Otherwise, they will absorb moisture from the solution, which may affect the strength of future products. If metal is not at hand, you can grease the side walls and bottom of the container with machine oil. It will also protect the matrix from moisture.

Voids in the blocks are provided not only in order to save the solution, but also to create air gaps in the walls to increase thermal conductivity. To create hollow products, three round or rectangular cylinders must be installed inside the molds. So that they do not move, they are connected to each other, and then screwed with screws to the side parts of the mold.

To obtain voids in the manufacture of a small number of blocks, you can even use ordinary plastic bottles. In such cases, it is better to fill them with water to make them heavier. It is necessary to insert them into the form after filling it with a solution of 2/3.

So, our forms are ready. It remains only to prepare expanded clay concrete.

Solution preparation

It is not difficult to knead expanded clay concrete with your own hands. To obtain a high-quality solution, cement, sand and expanded clay are mixed in a ratio of 1: 3: 8. Water is added at the rate of 200 liters per 1 m 3, although its amount also depends on the initial moisture content of the dry mixture. For the manufacture of expanded clay concrete blocks, we need:

• expanded clay with strength P150-200: it is better not to use fractions larger than 5-10 mm, since the blocks will turn out to be shapeless, and their strength will be much lower;
• sand: to obtain high-quality products, gravel-enriched sand is used, ordinary river sand is not recommended;
• cement M400-500;
• water;
• plasticizers: they are often used as ordinary liquid soap, washing powder or dishwashing detergent, you will need 1% of the total amount of cement; for a 130 liter concrete mixer, you can take about 70 g of soap; it is possible to increase the plasticity of the solution not only with the help of soap, but also by adding clay, lime or wood ash to it.

When mixing a high-quality homogeneous solution, it is important not only to observe the proportions, but also to introduce the components into it in a certain sequence. The exact amount of water is measured first. Expanded clay, sand and cement are thoroughly mixed with each other, and only then the resulting dry mixture is introduced into the liquid. The prepared solution in consistency should resemble softened plasticine.

How to make expanded clay concrete without a concrete mixer? In this case, you will have to work hard, thoroughly mixing the solution with a shovel. In this case, you will have to dilute the solution in small portions - after all, unmixed lumps can affect the quality of the final products. The solution is ready. The last question remains - how to make expanded clay concrete blocks?

Since expanded clay is a light material, it will constantly float in solution, which is why the production of a large number of products requires a vibrating table. In its absence, each shape will have to be tamped with narrow wooden blockuntil the "cement milk" appears. Solid products can be compressed by hand tamping.

Using a vibrating table greatly simplifies the work. The solution is poured into steel molds, its excess is removed. Then the engine is turned on for a couple of seconds so that the solution settles a little. We level the solution, remove its excess and turn on the vibrator again for 5-7 seconds. We turn off the car. To get the forms out of the machine, you need to turn the handle to the stop.

For more information on how to make durable expanded clay concrete blocks with your own hands, see the video.

Drying

In the form, the blocks will dry for about 2 days. During wet and rainy periods, this time can be long. It is better to store ready-made claydite-concrete blocks on pallets of 3-4 pieces in a row. The air gap between the trays will allow the finished product to dry more evenly.

The blocks removed from the mold must be finally brought to condition under a canopy, so that they do not fall on direct rays of the sun and raindrops. In the heat, they are moistened with water and covered with cellophane wrap. You can start working with them after 1-1.5 weeks. However, the ideal option would be to dry them for a month - only during this time will the cement fully gain its brand strength. Before starting work, the blocks must be cleaned of irregularities. You can remove dried outflows of solution with an ordinary knife.

The cost of blocks made at home

Do-it-yourself expanded clay concrete blocks will be much cheaper in cost. If you want to know how much you can save, do the following simple calculations. About 10-11 hollow blocks are obtained from 100 liters of solution. To mix this amount of solution, we need:

Material	Quantity, kg	Cost per kg in Moscow and Moscow region, rub.	Amount, rub.
Cement	7,7	4,80	36,96
Sand	23,1	3,40	78,54
Expanded clay	61,5	1,40	86,10
Water	7.7 l	–	–
Total:	100 l		201,60

The cost of 10 blocks will be 201 rubles. 60 kopecks Accordingly, 1 piece will cost 20 rubles. 16 kopecks. Let's say you need 776 blocks to build a 4x7x3 m garage. Their cost in the manufacture of their own hands is 15 thousand 664 rubles.

The cost of one finished product on average is 80 rubles, that is, 776 blocks will cost 62 thousand rubles. RUB 80 Thus, the production of expanded clay concrete blocks at home is more profitable - after all, we save a substantial amount of 46 thousand 416 rubles.

Cinder block is one of the most demanded materials for the construction of walls one-storey buildings... It is distinguished by its cheapness and the possibility of its own production at home.

Cinder block - wall stone

This building material is intended for low-rise construction. There is an opinion that if cement of a "high" grade is included in the batch, then from self-made blocks you can make a solid foundation for a bathhouse or a house. However, the foundation blocks must withstand enormous loads, so the blocks should be purchased at the factory, and not made by yourself.

Cinder blocks are:

• hollow;
• full-bodied.

Due to sufficient strength characteristics, full-bodied cinder blocks are used for cladding and construction load-bearing wallsas well as partitions. At the same time, hollow bodies have good heat and sound insulation. Due to the voids, raw materials are significantly saved, which means that the production cost is much lower.

Also, cinder blocks are used as additional insulation for the construction of frames.

How to mix the solution to create a cinder block?

The name of the building material "cinder block" speaks for itself. This means that the main component of the solution will be the slag obtained in the blast furnace, which should be sieved through a special sifter (sieve).

We need:

• 7 parts of the main filler (slag will serve as it);
• 2 shares of gravel having a fraction of 5-15 mm;
• one and a half parts of cement (it is best to take the M 400, 500 brand);
• about 3 parts water.

In addition to slag, other components can act as the main element: clay, expanded clay, sand, gravel, crushed stone, gypsum and many others. It should be noted that if you have chosen blast-furnace slag as a filler, then it is prohibited to use other additives. If you want to get a colored cinder block, then chalk or red bricks reduced to small crumbs can be added to the solution (they should be crushed).

In addition, during the production of cinder blocks, make sure that the solution does not spread.

Component name	Qty components	Density, kg / m3	Water absorption,%	Мрз, cycles not less	Compressive strength, kg / cm2
Cement, kg Sand, kg (m3) Crushed stone, kg (m3) Water, l (depending on the moisture content of the components)	500 900 (0,52) 900 (0,52) 100...200	2350	4	200	410
Cement, kg Screening, kg (m3) Sand, kg (m3) Water, l	500 920 (0,54) 1150 (0,7) 100...200	2160	4,5	200	400
Cement, kg Sand, kg (m3) Water, l	600 1550 (0,9) 100...190	2200	5,3	200	436

Advice for obtaining durable blocks: a plasticizer must be added to the solution (you can buy it at any hardware store). Then you will get not only durable, but also frost-resistant and waterproof blocks.

When you are going to independently establish the process of creating cinder blocks, you should understand that there is no universal recipe for a solution. Each master, through trial and error, selects his own unique formula. If you are a beginner, then you can resort to the standard one.

Concrete plasticizer prices

plasticizer for concrete

Cinder block production methods

There are two ways to obtain such blocks at your site.

1. With the help of formwork, that is, a form made of lumber or steel sheets.
2. Based on the work of a special machine.

Video - Making a cinder block by hand

Video - Cinder block walking mobile machine

Video - Machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks

Tools and materials for the production of blocks:

• forms (wood or metal), or vibrating table;

  2,3,4 - pallet blanks. 5,6,7 - matrix framing from below (corner 25x25). 8 - strip for fastening hollow cores. 9 - hollow. 10 - top plug of the hollow core. 11 - bottom plug of the hollow core
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

• concrete mixer;
• leveling paddle;
• shovel for filling the solution;
• solution.

Prices for cement-sand mixture

cement-sand mixture

Instructions for self-production of the form

The design of the form is as follows: bottom and side walls. Between a pair of transverse boards or metal sheets, you should fasten the crossbars at the distance you need. Maintain a step corresponding to the size of the cinder block required.

Since it will be difficult to get the finished product out of the mold, the design of the container should be collapsible. For production efficiency, make a formwork designed to receive 4-6 cinder blocks.

To make a mold for creating cinder blocks, you will need:

• iron sheets 3 mm thick;
• iron strips 5 mm (several pieces);
• cylinders with a diameter of 4 cm;
• welding machine;
• bulgarian;
• chalk for marking.

Welding machine prices

welding machine

Stages of manufacturing a single detachable metal mold

Step 1. We mark the sheet according to the size of the blocks: we need two longitudinal sides and two transverse ones. We cut out our plates with a grinder.

The width of the longitudinal plate is 210 mm, the length is 450 mm, the transverse plate is 210 by 220 mm.

Step 2. Wings, 3.5 cm high, should be welded to the bottom of the mold for the cinder block, so that the mold does not move, and the handle - to quickly release the poured solution from the mold.

Step 3. Notches are made along the contour of the transverse and longitudinal walls in order to hook the form onto the longitudinally installed walls.

Step 4... Putting together our form.

Step 5... To create voids in the cinder block, we make hinged cylinders. They must be welded to a 3-4 mm thick plate, which should seem to penetrate the cylinders closer to the top. We make notches on the end walls of our container to hook them.

Video - DIY mold for cinder blocks

Production of cinder blocks using a split mold

Forms have any dimensions. The standard dimensions of the structure are 90x190x188 mm, in private construction, other dimensions can be used, for example, 40x20x20 cm. In order to save material, it is better to use forms with cells for 4-6 blocks and cylinders (squares) to create cavities.

The metal self-made form (detachable) is as follows.

Consider the step-by-step process of making cinder blocks.

Step 1. We mix the solution in a concrete mixer.

Step 2. Pour the mixture into our mold with a shovel. In this case, the mixture is thick. You can also use a liquid solution.

Step 3. Be sure to make sure that the solution fills the container evenly. To do this, we tamp the filled solution. We control the filling of the form to the brim. Align the top layer with a spatula.

Step 4. If the solution is dry, then a special lid should be used, the holes in which will overlap the bayonets in the mold. This device will help tamp our cinder block. This cap is not used for slurry.

Step 5. We move our block to an open area for further storage. After 30-40 minutes, remove the bottom, sides and top cover. For better extraction of the cinder block, a similarity to the top of the wall and a longitudinal strip with cylinders with an ordinary hammer.

Step 6. For complete drying, we need at least a day.

Production of cinder blocks using a vibrating machine

Step 1. We mix our solution, taking into account the proportions. Particular attention should be paid to the right amount water, because the cinder blocks should not flow when you remove them from the mold.

Kneading

To find out the correct consistency of the mixture, do a little test. Squeeze the solution in your hand: if it connects in it, and does not blur when it falls to the ground, this is a good and correct solution.

Step 2... We fill our form with a solution, with a slide.

Step 3 ... We turn on the car for 2-4 seconds, after which the loaded train will be compacted. We level the mixture with our hands so that the iron pins (cylinders) are visible.

Step 4. If there is not enough mixture in the mold, it must be refilled, insert the clamp and turn on the vibrator again. The completion of the formation is evidenced by the pressure deposit on the stops.

Step 5 ... Our vibroform should be turned on again for 6-10 s.

Step 6 ... We close the top with a cover with holes for the cylinders. And we do another tamping by raising and lowering the lid 4-5 times.

Step 7 ... Then, without turning off the machine, the form is removed - it is enough to take the car to you.

Up to 500 cinder blocks can be produced per shift using a vibrating machine.

Step 8 ... We dry the blocks for 5-10 days. The resulting building materials will completely harden after a month, while the humidity should be high, and the air should be warm.

Step 9. After a day, the blocks can be transferred to storage locations (they will not be broken), but they can be placed together only after a week. And if you still add a plasticizer to the solution, then after 6-8 hours they can be moved and stored.

Of course, it is not worth purchasing a vibrating machine for a single production, but special attention should be paid to compaction when creating cinder blocks (the quality of the product depends on this process). In this case, you can use an ordinary vibrating grinder, on which it is enough to place our mold with the mixture.

Video - Production of cinder blocks using a vibrator machine

Features of storage of cinder blocks

The resulting products are stored in pyramidal stacks, one hundred pieces at once.

Moreover, they fit with small intervals. It is enough for you to dry the material for a couple of months - then you can start building a bathhouse, an extension or a shed.

What are the features of cinder block production?

In the production of cinder blocks, special attention should be paid to drying. So, for example, any dent or unevenness will ruin the building material. Another requirement for material quality is geometry. A large number of irregularities and flaws are a prerequisite for increased costs for finishing the erected walls. Therefore, in order for the product to be smooth, the mold or vibroform should be filled to the brim. Do not be stingy to pour the solution with a slide, because the vibration will shake your mixture.

For better plasticity, when mixing the mortar, do not forget to fill in the plasticizer at the rate of 5 g per block. This will relieve the product from possible cracks, increase its strength and frost resistance. For building small bath you can knead the solution manually, but a concrete mixer will help speed up the process. You just need to buy or lend for a while a small unit with a capacity of 02-0.5 cubic meters. m.

Video - Homemade concrete mixer

Before preparing the mixture, the slag is moistened 5-6 hours before. This will allow better bonding of the cement grains and filler fractions. It should be noted that if you are filling wooden or metal molds without the possibility of vibrating, the mixture should be thin.

Pros and cons of using cinder blocks

The advantages of the cinder block include:

• the possibility of manufacturing on summer cottage or in a private house;
• drying of the material can take place both in an autoclave (industrial production) and in the open air (in case of self-production);
• a cinder block building has minimal heat loss;
• inexpensive material;
• the construction of the building is carried out quickly, given the large size of the blocks;
• when mixing the solution, you can, by changing the proportions, give it certain qualities;
• you can produce a cinder block of any size.

Disadvantages of cinder block:

• low indicators of frost resistance, but with the use of a special additive, they can be increased;
• there are doubts about environmental friendliness, especially for products made on the basis of blast furnace slag;
• in terms of liquid absorption characteristics, the material has strong moisture absorption requires special protective coatings;
• fragility (this material is clearly not suitable for the construction of high-rise buildings).

1. Blocks made with the addition of cement have the highest strength. The next place is occupied by blocks of lime.
2. If small granules are replaced with a part of sifted sand, then the strength of the products will increase slightly.
3. The combination of cement and lime (or clay) in a ratio of 3: 1 will save money, which will absolutely not win back on quality.
4. Before you start pouring the solution, the molds should be cleaned and wiped. This will prevent the resulting blocks from sticking to the bottom and walls. For such wiping, diesel fuel, waste oil or similar means are used.
5. The density of the solution is a direct indicator of the solidification rate. The thicker it is, the faster the block can solidify. The main characteristics of the quality of cinder blocks depend not only on the production technology, but also on the choice of solution. Below are the different types of mixtures, the use of which demonstrates certain characteristics for the material.

Video - Cinder block. Instructions for a beginner