How to saw on a band sawmill. Ways of cutting wood on a band sawmill. Types of working nozzles

For a small woodworking industry specializing in sawing wood into boards and beams, the optimal equipment to use is. It has good productivity, allows you to dissolve large-sized trunks into lumber. But in order for the equipment to work with full efficiency during the work, you need to know how to cut on band sawmill. Taking into account certain recommendations and features of the operation of such a unit will allow you to avoid problems and get high-quality business material at the output.

The process of sawing timber with this sawmill comes down to the fact that the log is placed and fixed on a special frame, which also acts as a guide. A frame with a cutting tool mounted on it, driven by an electric motor or internal combustion engine, moves along the barrel along the rails.

Preparatory stage

One of the main conditions for the normal operation of the equipment is the preparatory work before sawing on a band sawmill. And they include:

  • cleaning the sawn log from dirt and sand;
  • evaluation of the tree (breed, humidity);
  • selection of a saw (shape, profile, sharpening angles of teeth) depending on the material being cut;
  • correct performance of adjustment work (tensioning of the cutting element, drive belts).

Proper preparatory work will allow you to quickly saw the wood with proper quality.

An important factor for normal sawing is the correct sharpening and setting of the saw. These works should be carried out only on special machines. A well-sharpened saw with a properly selected tooth profile will provide high speed work and a clean cut.

Attention should be paid to the adjustment of the cutting blade. Correctly tensioned tape will ensure an even cut. Any violation of the tension will lead to a "waviness" of the surface of the boards, or to a rush of the cutting tool.

The more sand and dirt on the wood, the faster the saw will become dull, which will greatly affect the performance of the equipment. Therefore, it is better to prepare the material before sawing, as well as to sharpen and set the cutting tool in a timely manner.

sawing process

In the process of sawing, it is important to ensure a uniform speed of movement of the bed along the log. This will eliminate the possibility of idle tape movement and ensure maximum productivity.

Before sawing wood with a high resin content on a band sawmill, care should be taken to ensure that water or cleaning solution is supplied to the cutting area. This will prevent sticking of the teeth and ensure a good cutting speed.

After each pass, you should evaluate the quality of the cut and make sure that there is no “waviness”, and only then continue to cut the log. This will allow you to immediately identify problems with the configuration of the equipment and eliminate them in a timely manner.

Periodically, it is necessary to clean the moving elements of the sawmill from sawdust. This will eliminate unnecessary vibrations during the operation of the unit, which may affect the quality of sawing, and will also extend the life of the units.

In general, sawing on a band sawmill is not difficult, the main thing is to fully adhere to the manufacturer's recommendations regarding operation. Do not neglect the preparatory work, because the performance of the unit directly depends on them.

Boards and timber are one of the main building materials. But not everyone has the financial means to buy ready-made boards. In such situations, one of the ways out is to independently harvest wood on a plot taken from the forestry.

The advantage of a chainsaw as a tool for sawing logs

You can cut a log using a sawmill, a gas or electric saw and additional devices. When choosing one of these tools, the scope of the work ahead should be taken into account. The cost of the cheapest stationary sawmill, together with all components, is 150 thousand rubles. A chainsaw is much cheaper. It is more convenient than an electric saw for the following reasons:

  • It does not require electricity to operate the tool - this makes it possible to use the chainsaw on the plots.
  • It is more powerful than the electric saw.
  • Starts smoothly and allows you to conveniently adjust the speed, which reduces the likelihood of chain breaks.
  • The operation of the inertial brake is faster than that of an electric saw.
  • Long working time without interruption - up to one hour.
  • Can be used in high humidity conditions.

Types of working nozzles

When sawing logs with a chainsaw, various nozzles are used.

    • Nozzle for longitudinal cutting. It is used for sawing logs along, the process takes place in a horizontal position. After work, the master receives the same thickness of the product. Finished materials are subjected to a drying process, after which the boards are used in construction. In appearance, the device is a small frame, it is attached to the tire on each side.

  • Drum debarker (rounder). With the help of such a nozzle it is easy to dissolve the log, it works due to the V-belt transmission. It is attached to the belts on both sides, for this purpose special pulleys are used. The speed of rotation of the shaft depends on the size of the pulleys, so the performance of the nozzle is easy to change. This technology forces the master to carefully monitor each stage of the process, some specialists use an assistant during this cut. But this option requires increased security measures.
  • Sawing with a lightweight nozzle. The method is not very productive, but is used quite often. The element is fastened on one side, but the workpieces are slightly uneven. Such materials are necessary for the construction of sheds or fences.

Features of sawing with a homemade tool

You can easily cut a log into boards with the help of a self-made tool. It's easy to make. To do this, follow these steps:

  • As a support, you need to use a frame from a school desk or a pipe with a section in the form of a square, its optimal size is 20x20, and more is allowed.
  • It is necessary to build two clamps, mount a cross member with two holes for the tie bolts at one end, and make a protrusion for the tire in the middle.
  • For longitudinal sawing of a log into boards, you need to make a support frame, its width should be seven to eight centimeters less than the length.
  • Then two parts ten centimeters long are welded to both sides, holes are made for the bolts, a handle is attached in the middle for ease of operation.
  • Then you need to insert the clamps into the grooves, install the tire, carefully fix everything.

To Work with homemade tool it’s not difficult, this will require goats, they will serve as a support. In addition, you need to prepare a metal rail or board to use it as a guide. A log is laid from below, the required height for work is set.

The procedure for performing preparatory work

To cut a log lengthwise, you need to perform the following sequence of actions:

  • Take two straight boards and attach one to the other at a right angle. The result is a strong leading ruler.
  • To maintain the manufactured ruler, you need to make stops from the boards.
  • The movement of the trunks must be performed using a tilter.
  • The log should be placed on a comfortable base.
  • On the chainsaw tire using nuts, you need to fix the frame.
  • The supports of the leading ruler must be attached to the ends of the log, checking the horizontal position with a level.
  • Self-tapping screws must be used to fix all brackets and structural elements. Nails are not suitable for these purposes, since it is difficult to remove them in the future without causing damage to structural details.
  • The leading ruler must be attached to the supports with brackets and its height adjusted, taking into account that the cut will not go along it, but approximately one centimeter higher.
  • The log must be rotated and the second board must be fixed in such a way that it rests on the ground and supports the log.

The procedure for performing basic work

  • Now you need to start the chainsaw and make the first cut.
  • Next, you need to free the log from the stops and boards and attach the leading ruler on the cut surface of the log in the direction of the next cut. The ruler is fastened directly to the surface or to the ends of the log using supports. The second cut is made perpendicular to the first cut.
  • The log must be turned and fixed with a board point-blank to the ground.
  • A guide ruler is not required to perform the following steps. One of the cut sides serves as a guide.
  • It is necessary to adjust the thickness of the cut on the frame and saw off the log from the other side in such a way that you get a bar with bark remaining on only one side.
  • This beam must be turned over and fixed in such a way that the fixing point of the fixing board is as low as possible.
  • Then it is necessary to adjust the frame to the required thickness of the board and saw the timber into boards.

Safety rules when performing work

  • Should not be used circular saw without protective cover.
  • Wear earmuffs, gloves, goggles, heavy clothing and a respirator.
  • Do not pour fuel into the hot tank of the tool, you need to wait until it cools down.
  • Children must not be allowed in the work area.
  • It is necessary to start the tool on the ground with the chain brake applied, which must be released just before starting to cut.
  • You should always have a first aid kit on hand.
  • When working, you need to hold the chainsaw by the handle of the arc, moving it forward along the guide. Do not press hard on the chainsaw - it should move freely.
  • Right-handers should position the log with right side from myself, left-handers - from the left.

Wood, like natural stone, is one of the most ancient building materials. Despite the huge selection of various artificially created materials that exists today on the construction market, timber products are still very popular. In order to obtain high-quality lumber, a log must be sawn into boards. In this article we will talk about how to cut a log into boards.

Types of sawing logs

Sawing a log into boards is carried out in two main ways:

  • radial
  • tangential.

In addition, additional methods are possible:

  • mixed
  • semi-radial (rustic)
  • central.

Radial sawing is a type of sawing, during which the axis of the cut runs through the core of the log and, as a result, the annual rings in the section of the board form an angle of 76 - 900. The lumber obtained by this sawing has a uniform color and texture. Timber almost does not undergo deformation during shrinkage and does not swell when moistened, because the dimensions of the wood change mainly along the line of the rings (across the fibers). In radial sawn lumber, annual rings are arranged in thickness. Such materials have the highest performance in comparison with other types of lumber.

Tangential sawing is carried out along the tangents to the lines of annual rings at a small distance from its core. The surfaces of the resulting boards are distinguished by a pronounced texture and a bright wavy pattern of annual rings. Such lumber is characterized by higher coefficients of shrinkage and swelling from moisture, compared to radial sawn boards. As a result, they are strongly deformed under the action of moisture. Such boards are in demand for use in dry conditions.

Rustic (semi-radial) and mixed types of sawing have signs of two main types of sawing at the same time: radial and tangential. Therefore, they show average shrinkage and swelling ratios. Rustic sawn boards are distinguished by straight lines of annual rings, which are located at angles of 46 - 75 degrees. to the layers. Mixed sawn lumber is distinguished by the fact that the lines change from straight at the edges (in width) of the board, to arched towards the middle.

The central cut is made right in the center of the trunk and contains its core. Taking into account the fact that the core of the trunk is the wood with the lowest strength values, center sawn lumber is characterized by a structure that is not uniform in strength.

Wood balance when sawing

Log diameter

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Log cutting tools

Tools and cutting methods depend on the total volume of logs, such indicators as length, thickness. In addition, the quality of the future lumber must be taken into account. Sawing logs involves working with different tools and specialized equipment. In order to get a small amount of lumber at home, a manual method of processing logs with a chainsaw or traditional hand saw-hacksaws with teeth for a longitudinal cut type is suitable.

The sawmill is perhaps the most famous type of sawmill equipment. This is a woodworking machine in which there are frame saws. At the sawmill, longitudinal sawn timber is obtained, for example, edged board or bar. Sawmills allow processing logs with a diameter of 15 to 80 cm and a length of up to 7 m.

Sawing logs into boards using circular saws is carried out by means of a circular saw. Such equipment can be single-saw (single-disk) and multi-saw (multi-disk). Devices containing a single disk are suitable for working with small-sized and low-quality raw materials. With the help of multi-disc machines, it is possible to cut round workpieces of large diameter.

Band sawmills are the most popular today. They are of two types: vertical and horizontal. The cutting tool in such equipment is a tape that is put on the pulleys. Work on band machines guarantees the production of quality longitudinal and mixed lumber, such as boards and timber. This generates the least amount of waste.

On large industrial enterprises use lines for sawing wood. They allow to achieve very high surface quality and precise geometry of the final products. Such lines are characterized by the highest productivity.

In addition to all of the above equipment, such types of highly specialized sawmill equipment are also used, such as debarking, edge trimming, band-cutting and other types of machines.

Very often there are situations when you need to make a very small amount of boards or beams for your own needs. Of course, buying machines in this case is absolutely not an option. Having certain knowledge and skills, it is much more profitable to cut logs with my own hands, using a chain saw, electric or petrol. Despite the fact that this work is quite laborious, the result is quite justified.

Most experts believe that a chainsaw is better suited for this purpose. Such equipment has high power and can operate without interruption for a long time. In addition, the operation of the chainsaw does not require electricity, so you can work far from the power supply, for example, right on the plot.

In order to cut a log into boards with a chainsaw, you will also need special tools, such as a mechanism for fixing the log, a frame attachment for a chainsaw, and a guide for cutting. The attachment frame must be attached to the chainsaw bar so that it is possible for them to adjust the gap between it and the chain. This will make it possible to create boards having different thicknesses. The chain should be purchased special, for longitudinal sawing. It has a special sharpening angle of the teeth. A guide ruler can be made from a metal profile of the required length or a flat rigid board.

Before starting work, you need to remove all the bark and remaining branches from the blanks, as well as carefully examine the log for various flaws. In this way, you will be able to choose the most suitable cutting pattern and, consequently, reduce the amount of possible waste.

If you are ripping trunks, you need to make sure that the resulting lumber is of the same density across the entire width. Since the density of wood from the northern part of the log is much higher than from the south, the cut is carried out in a plane directed from east to west (or vice versa).

The first step is to remove the slabs from two opposite edges of the log. As a result, a two-edged beam will be obtained, which is then cut into boards or other lumber of equal thickness, according to the planned sawing pattern. The end product is an unedged board, from which the edges are necessarily removed.

For many centuries, timber has been the most popular raw material for housing construction. Today, primitive processing methods have been replaced by modern equipment. For example, for cutting timber and processing them to the desired size, craftsmen use a sawmill. The disadvantage of such a machine is the cost. For this reason, many people make mini sawmills based on chainsaws.

April 04

The tree has long been in great demand among humans. Houses were built from it, fortifications were erected. This substance is in great demand in our time not only for construction purposes, but also as a decorative material.

There is a huge amount of wood products, which are obtained mainly at sawmills. You can buy such products on the manufacturer's website skvagena.com.ua.

Getting Started

A band sawmill is a rather complex mechanism consisting of several parts:

  • the frame of the sawmill, on which all its constituent parts are located;
  • base for the tree in a horizontal position.

In order to start working with this type of sawmill, you first need:

  1. 1 Familiarize yourself with all the main parts of the mechanism and learn how they work.
  2. Learn to change the saw and start the device.
  3. Get the skills to adjust the location of the tape relative to the horizontal plane. This factor is very important, since the size of the product obtained in the future depends on it.

It is advisable to start work under the supervision of a person who has extensive experience in performing this procedure.

cutting process

After you have learned how to turn on, configure and change some components of the system, you can proceed to the cutting itself. It is very important to figure out how best to position the log and how it is attached.

To do this, consult a specialist and let him instruct you, where you will see all the nuances step by step. Before starting the saw, be sure to check the tension of the band, as well as the level of its sharpening.

The quality of the resulting board depends on these parameters. The first few times, make a cut under the supervision of a specialist who will tell you all the nuances, since there are a lot of them and it is difficult to remember them the first time.

When cutting, the saw should enter the tree smoothly and without much pressure, otherwise this may lead to its breakage. Carry out the cut carefully, without sudden movements.

Remember that the quality of the products depends on the sharpening and setting of the teeth of the tape, correct location it on the machine and the location of the log on the frame. When performing such work, it is imperative to follow all safety regulations so as not to injure yourself and other workers in the workshop.

Only serviceable products should be used for these purposes, and the sawing process at the very beginning should be controlled by a specialist who will teach you all the tricks. You can watch the process in this video:

How to properly cut a log on a band sawmill

Has your band sawmill been installed and made all the necessary adjustments? So it's time to proceed directly to the sawing process itself. In order to get really high-quality material, it is necessary to correctly install the log and fix it with special clamps.

The quality also depends on the correct calculation of the amount and type of material that you want to get from this log.

Having gained experience in the future, one glance at the log will be enough, and you will already know how much and what kind of material can be obtained from it. Learn to accurately determine where the top is and where the butt of the log is. The butt, as a rule, is larger in diameter than the top. And this largely affects the thickness of the slab.

How to calculate a log

So, you have measured the diameter of the log, and it is measured from the top. We calculate the approximate amount of material according to the diameter and proceed to further actions.

Firstly.

We pay attention to all the bends and bulges of the log - a perfectly even trunk is rare. Therefore, we try to turn it so as to get as little waste as possible from it, such as slabs. When the log is laid and fixed, it is worth making sure that it passes freely between the guide rollers.

Set the size on the ruler of the sawmill according to the diameter, and to this size add the greatest height of the bulge of the log. This is that bulge that is higher than the diameter of the top or narrowest part of the log.

Using a regular tape measure, measure the height of the highest part, and from this size you start counting the dimensions required material, taking into account the size of the cut, which is from 2 to 5 mm.

Secondly.

As soon as the width of the cut reaches the required size, and the remaining height of the log has reached the desired size, it is turned over. That is, if you saw a beam, for example, at 150, then both the width of the cut and the height of the rest of the log should correspond to this value, even be larger, taking into account the removal of the slab.

To do this, after turning the log over, start the calculation from the final size to the full use of the log height, but do not forget to take into account the size of the cut, which, as we already know, is from 2 to 5 mm.

For example - you have a log on the overpass, which you cut to a size of 260 mm. Let's flip the log and continue.

The end result we want to achieve is a gun carriage with a thickness of 150 mm. Further, in a simple way, considering that 260 mm-150 mm \u003d 110 mm. We get as much as 110 mm thick additional material. And that is exactly what needs to be calculated.

We take this additional size and calculate, in order to obtain a chopping block, which has a size of 50 mm, 110-50=60, do not forget to cut, and in our case it is 2 mm, 60-2=58 mm, then the cleft, equal to 25 mm, 58 -25-2=31 mm, slab 20 mm, 31-20-2=9 mm.

As you can see, from our calculations, it turns out 9 mm slab, 20 mm slab, 25 mm cleft and 50 mm chopping block. And the final size will be 150 mm.

Possible mistakes

As you can see, there is nothing complicated here. Often, inexperienced sawmillers make a mistake in the calculations when they start counting from zero. For example, if the final size of the material is 150 mm, then there is no need to add 2 mm to the cut to it, otherwise it will turn out like this 150 + 2 = 152. There should not be such an error, the cut is calculated only between the material, for example, a 50 mm board and 150 mm carriage, we obtain as described above, 150 + 50 + 2 \u003d 202 mm.

If necessary, to obtain edged material, turn the log 90 degrees and perform the same manipulations that are described above.

So you sawed your first log, look at the quality of the material and the accuracy of the dimensions. Make sure your calculations are correct. The main mistake in the calculations is that they forget to take into account the size of the cut. Try to take into account this fact. And don't make those mistakes.

In the future, when you gain experience, the calculation will take place automatically in your head, it will be enough to look at the log.

We are confident that everything will work out for you, we wish you success in your work.

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How to use a ruler on a band sawmill

Hello dear readers and subscribers of Andrey Noak's blog. In this article, I will tell you how to use a ruler on a band sawmill, as well as tell you helpful tips professionals.

The band sawmill allows you to cut lumber into battens, beams and boards according to the specified dimensions. The sawing process occurs due to the movement of the frame with the cutting device along the fixed guides.

My books

As many blog readers already know, I periodically release some usefulness and goodies, and this time I wrote such an e-book!

Work with the specifications for the sale of lumber, for example, in the winter a third grade appeared, and in the summer (during the season) it disappeared and turned into a first grade;

In order for sawing at the sawmill to proceed without any problems and complaints, you should pay attention to the following factors that may arise during the course of work:

  • Uniform material feed rate during operation;
  • Correct blade shape
  • Carrying out the correct wiring of the saw;
  • Do not allow sticking of resinous substances on the canvas;
  • Watch the saw teeth.

Measures to increase the period of operation of the band sawmill

  1. For sharpening, use a specialized tool;
  2. In the process of work, control the tension of the saw, monitor the width of the cut, the feed rate of the material, the quality and cleanliness of the cut;
  3. If possible, use logs (lumber) from 40 to 70 cm in diameter. Such a log is easy to position on the frame. When sawing, an optimal yield of the finished material occurs;
  4. Select the correct tooth profile for the wood being processed. This will reduce the wear of the saw and increase the speed and quality of the equipment;
  5. Measure the moisture content of the material and only then select the tooth setting and select the correct cutting speed;
  6. The use of debarkers. They, in turn, will process the upper surface of the log before sawing. This equipment will prevent sand, dirt and small stones from getting on the cutting part of the machine;
  7. Pay attention to the tension of the tape. This will lead to the optimization of high-speed sawing modes, the quality of processing and will allow timely detection of wear of equipment parts;
  8. Check belts both before and during machine operation for wear. With high wear on the drive belt, an unfavorable situation will occur when the blade comes into contact with the pulley. This will damage the saw;
  9. Make sure that sawdust does not accumulate on the belts. This will lead to vibration, which in turn will affect the operation of the equipment;
  10. The log must be fed as quickly as possible. Reducing the feed rate will cause the saw to idle. This will lead to reduced performance and increased saw wear;
  11. During operation, monitor the equipment, the condition of the bed, adjust the pulleys and rollers. Carry out all work according to the recommendations. Do not violate safety rules while working.

    12. Application of the electronic ruler

    How to use a ruler on a band sawmill? This measuring tool will reduce the time for cutting logs. No need to count and figure out the dimensions. The ruler is easily attached to the machine. Operator productivity increases and there is no need to bother with mathematical calculations.

    Line types:

  • Wooden;
  • metal;
  • Sticker;
  • Electronic.

There is a graduation on the ruler, by which you can know the thickness of the board, taking into account the cut.

Electronic ruler vs. wooden version, is an expensive tool. An electronic saw control unit is used as a scale. The principle is simple. Set the board thickness parameters and run. Operations are carried out automatically. I will describe in more detail how it all works in a new article.

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Sawing logs on a band sawmill: tables, diagrams

For processing logs on a band sawmill, it is necessary to adhere to the accepted technology. Thus, you can get the maximum amount of quality materials - boards and timber. But first you should familiarize yourself with the basic rules of cutting.

Types of sawing wood

Scheme of sawing a log

At the first stage, a carriage is formed from a log. To do this, cuts are made on its two sides. In some cases, processing is performed on four sides. A map of the band cut of the workpiece is preliminarily drawn up, on which the dimensions of the components are indicated.

The determining parameter when choosing a scheme is the direction of processing the log. In particular, the movement of the cutting edge relative to annual rings. According to this, lumber of various qualities is formed, which has a unique appearance. Not only their aesthetic qualities depend on this, but also the price.

There are the following types of cuts:

  • tangential. The cut is made tangentially relative to the annual rings. As a result, oblong patterns in the form of arches, rings are formed on the surface;
  • radial. For its implementation, perpendicular processing along the annual rings is necessary. A feature is a uniform pattern;
  • transverse. Processing occurs across the fibers, the cut pattern is an even cut of annual rings;
  • rustic. It can be done at any angle, contains a certain amount of knots, sapwood or other similar defects.

Often in the woodworking industry, waste from band sawing of logs is used - slab. On the one hand, a flat plane, and the other remains unfinished.

To draw up the most accurate cutting, it is recommended to use special programs. They take into account not only the dimensions source material but also the type of wood.

Sawing on a sawmill with a log rotation of 180 °

Cutting chart with 180° rotation

To form the maximum number of boards, it is recommended to use a technology in which some of the tape processing processes are rotated by 180°. This allows you to achieve the maximum number of lumber with different types of cuts.

The principle of processing is to make initial cuts along the edges of the log, which are at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other. They will serve as the basis for further tape cutting. Works are carried out on equipment with a vertical arrangement of cutting elements. The diameter of the trunk must be at least 26 centimeters.

Step by step workflow.

  1. Processing of the side with the cut edge part. The result is two boards.
  2. Turning the workpiece by 90°. The cut is made from the opposite side. The number of products varies from 3 to 4.
  3. Repeated 90° turn. The main part of the source material is being processed. Depending on the planned ones, 7-8 blanks can be obtained.

Despite all its positive qualities, this method has one significant drawback - the low production speed. It is recommended to use it on equipment that has a block for automatically changing the position of the log relative to the cutting part of the machine.

A detailed scheme is most often used for the manufacture of rustic boards, which are subject to reduced quality requirements.

Sawing on a sawmill with a log rotation of 90 °

Types of sawing

For the manufacture of tangential and radial boards, it is recommended to use a different technique. It consists in systematic band processing of logs with simultaneous analysis of defects. Thus, products of the required quality can be obtained.

After delimbing, the workpiece is placed on the feed frame of the sawing machine. Then you need to do the following.

  1. Removal of the primary slab. It is carried out until the width of the base is 110-115 mm.
  2. Eat unedged board about 28 mm thick.
  3. If the number of defects on the surface exceeds the required level, the material is rotated by 90°. If the quality of the board is high enough, the next one is cut off.
  4. Repetition of the operation.

A similar technique is applicable for processing installations that have one cutting surface or have the function of temporarily dismantling the rest.

With a sufficiently large number of defects, it is possible not to postpone the workpiece, but to perform its processing using the 180° turn method.

The above tape processing technique can be applied to create any configuration of wood products. Often, the core area is used to form a beam, and the remaining parts are used to make boards. But there may be exceptions - it all depends on the required shape of the blanks.

The quality of work is affected by the current state of the sawmill, the level of saw sharpening and processing speed. These factors must be taken into account before starting the production process. If necessary, preventive maintenance or repair of equipment is carried out.


Log sawing table

The video shows the method of sawing logs on a homemade band sawmill:

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do-it-yourself video installation instructions, how to properly cut wood in half, along, radial method, machine, calculation, diagram, photo and price

All photos from the article

Sawn logs are boards, timber, veneer and other wooden building materials known to us. The task of competent and efficient sawing of trunks is extremely relevant for independent or industrial logging, in addition, knowing the basics will help you choose the right lumber.

We will look at the main points regarding this topic and tell you how to properly cut a log on a band sawmill.


Sawing logs on a band sawmill is considered the most effective.

sawing logs

The main task


In the photo - a corner sawmill.

In the old days, whole tree trunks were used to build houses and other structures, from which the so-called log cabins were collected. However, the details of the cylindrical conical shape are not the best suited for construction, so boards and beams began to be made from logs.

The share of a solid log used in construction is vanishingly small, so the lumberjack must master the art of sawing wood into boards and timber, otherwise he will go bankrupt. This skill will also be useful to those who decide to do their own harvesting for the needs of private construction.


Wood is used mainly in the form of a board.

So, we are faced with the task of turning an ordinary log into the maximum amount of high-quality useful lumber with minimum expenses energy, time and raw materials. That is, we must find a way in which efficiency will be maximum, and costs - minimal.

Here it should be said right away that the solution does not come down to solving a geometric rebus, in practice everything is much more complicated. Wood is a heterogeneous material, so the result is affected by a large number of nuances and subtleties, which we will discuss in more detail in the following chapters.


The heterogeneity of the wood structure complicates the task of sawing it.

Important! The task of sawing is to obtain the maximum amount of high-quality lumber at minimum cost per unit of time.

Cutting methods


Special equipment will help you understand how to cut a log along.

As already mentioned, the correct calculation of sawing a log should take into account not only the geometric parameters and cutting, but also the heterogeneity of the material structure.

The fact is that wood manifests its properties differently depending on the orientation of the annual rings (layers): the processes of warping and deformation during drying are most pronounced along the layer, when the plane of the board coincides with the plane of the annual ring.


Not only beauty, but also quality depends on the cutting method.

To understand how to cut a log correctly, you should know the basic sawing methods:

  • The radial method is considered the highest quality and differs in that the annual lines at the end of the board form an angle of 76 - 90˚ with respect to its plane, and the cut line passes through the core of the trunk like a radius. As a result, a board that is quite uniform in color and texture is obtained, which practically does not swell when moistened and does not deform during shrinkage. Radial sawn lumber is considered the highest quality, its price is the highest;
  • The tangential method, on the contrary, is the least preferred and differs in that the lines of annual rings run almost parallel to the plane of the board or tangentially. The coefficients of moisture swelling and shrinkage in the case of tangentially sawn boards are approximately twice as high as in the case of radial sawing. In general, such boards are less durable, lower quality, but at the same time they can differ in a very beautiful pattern of fibers;
  • The rustic method is something in between - the angle of inclination of the annual lines with respect to the plane of the product is in the range of 45 - 76˚. Also in this group can be attributed a mixed type of cutting, in which elements of arcs can occur, both in tangential sawing, and oblique and even perpendicular lines. In terms of properties, these groups are something between a radial and a tangential group;
  • Central cut. It is produced in the center of the trunk and includes its core. Such boards are considered the least durable and most heterogeneous of all listed.

Log sawing methods.

Important! Most construction lumber is produced by rustic sawing, and there is also quite a lot of tangential board. When buying, you can easily distinguish them "by eye".

Sawing schemes


You should decide in advance on the scheme of work.

One of the most important tasks of the sawmiller is to choose the most rational cutting pattern. This will determine the compliance of materials with the goals set, the amount of output per unit volume of wood and, as a result, the profit of the enterprise.

The master must have impressive experience and a special flair for the material in order to determine in advance the order of work, where to start and how exactly to proceed in the process. Such a skill comes only with time as a result of long work at the sawmill.

There are three standard patterns for cutting logs:

Sawing patternPeculiarities
CircularAfter removing the first slab, the log is turned over 180˚ and placed on the resulting edge. It is then flipped 180˚ or 90˚ several more times in the process, usually at least five flips are practiced.

This is the most rational and economically beneficial way, however, in the absence of mechanisms for a coup when applying manual labor the resulting performance may be reduced
Simple (through)The log is sawn to the middle, then turned over 180˚ and finished sawing to the end. The scheme is as fast and simple as possible, but the boards are unedged, heavy and subject to maximum warping.

It is used for low-quality raw materials, for which the listed disadvantages are not so important.
Sawing timberThe process resembles circular work with the difference that the central part of the log is left in the form of a beam 25x25, 18x23, etc. Further, the core is transferred for further processing in the production line or is sold in the form of a bar.

This method is considered productive and is used in industry when processing raw materials of medium and low quality.

The scheme of sawing logs on a band sawmill with a step-by-step guide.

Important! The sawing scheme is selected in accordance with the quality of raw materials, the purpose of the board and the capabilities of the equipment.

Sawing tool


Modern band sawmill.

Logging is done with a special tool. For normal work by today's standards, you need a special machine for cutting logs with your own hands, which is called a sawmill.

There are two types of sawmills: disc and band sawmills. Circular saws use circular saws and are considered less efficient, as they have a large cut thickness (from 6 to 9 mm), less accuracy and depth.


Disc sawmill.

The band sawmill is equipped with a different system: the saw is a band worn on rotating rollers. The cut thickness is approximately 1.5 - 3 mm, which is quite economical in terms of chip removal.

Modern models are distinguished by high accuracy and productivity, they are automated and have a tilting mechanism for lifting and turning logs in case of circular sawing or sawing timber.

Using a chainsaw, you can only cut a log in half, but if you use a special frame, you can dissolve the log into boards right in the forest.

Working with a frame and a chainsaw.

Important! Band sawmill is considered the most efficient and cost-effective.

Output

Sawing a log is considered one of the most complex and important tasks in logging and lumber production. The quality of products and the income of the enterprise depend on the chosen scheme, well-designed work procedure and tool preparation.

The video in this article will tell you about the types of sawmills and how to cut wood.

rubankom.com

How to learn to saw on a band sawmill

The tree has long been in great demand among humans. Houses were built from it, fortifications were erected. This substance is in great demand in our time not only for construction purposes, but also as a decorative material.

There is a huge amount of wood products, which are obtained mainly at sawmills. You can buy such products on the manufacturer's website skvagena.com.ua.

Getting Started

A band sawmill is a rather complex mechanism consisting of several parts:

  • the frame of the sawmill, on which all its constituent parts are located;
  • base for the tree in a horizontal position.

In order to start working with this type of sawmill, you first need:

  1. 1 Familiarize yourself with all the main parts of the mechanism and learn how they work.
  2. Learn to change the saw and start the device.
  3. Get the skills to adjust the location of the tape relative to the horizontal plane. This factor is very important, since the size of the product obtained in the future depends on it.

It is advisable to start work under the supervision of a person who has extensive experience in performing this procedure.

cutting process

After you have learned how to turn on, configure and change some components of the system, you can proceed to the cutting itself. It is very important to figure out how best to position the log and how it is attached.

To do this, consult a specialist and let him instruct you, where you will see all the nuances step by step. Before starting the saw, be sure to check the tension of the band, as well as the level of its sharpening.

The quality of the resulting board depends on these parameters. The first few times, make a cut under the supervision of a specialist who will tell you all the nuances, since there are a lot of them and it is difficult to remember them the first time.

When cutting, the saw should enter the tree smoothly and without much pressure, otherwise this may lead to its breakage. Carry out the cut carefully, without sudden movements.

Remember that the quality of the products depends on the sharpening and setting of the teeth of the tape, its correct location on the machine and the location of the log on the frame. When performing such work, it is imperative to follow all safety regulations so as not to injure yourself and other workers in the workshop.

Only serviceable products should be used for these purposes, and the sawing process at the very beginning should be controlled by a specialist who will teach you all the tricks. You can watch the process in this video:

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Learning to saw at the sawmill correctly. Rules for working at the sawmill.

Rules for cutting with a band saw.

Each owner of a band sawmill, of course, counts primarily on two things: excellent performance, that is, high cutting accuracy, and a long service life of the band saw. Band cutting a saw is a quality, high efficiency at the long period of operation. With the right approach, this is quite realistic, moreover, this should be strived for.

First, you need to correctly assess your needs and choose the right band saw for the sawmill.

Secondly, as a rule, the reason for the low productivity of a band saw is its improper preparation and operation.

To make cutting with a band saw without problems, do not disregard factors such as:

Reduced feed rate when sawing;

Wrong blade shape;

Adhesion of resin on the canvas;

A defect in the setting of the teeth, when the tooth bend line is too low and passes along the saw blade, as a result, a wave occurs, the feed rate is forced to decrease, and, as a result, premature wear of the saw occurs.

It is possible to increase the strength of the band saw blade and, consequently, the period of its operation, if:

1) use special grinding devices;

2) in the process of sawing, it is necessary to control the tension of the saw, the width of the cut, the feed rate, the quality and cleanliness of the material being cut;

3) if possible, use logs of large (40-70 cm) diameter, it is easier to position them on the machine bed, when cutting them, the optimal amount of finished products is obtained;

4) select the tooth profile depending on the characteristics of the wood - this improves the quality and speed of sawing, reducing saw wear;

5) select the tooth setting and cutting speed depending on the moisture content of the material;
6) use, if possible, cleaned logs for sawing, since dirt, sand, stones irreversibly damage the blade. Use debarkers that remove the top outer layer of the log before the saw enters the wood;

7) Watch the tension of the band saw. Sufficient tension is important to optimize sawing speed and quality, and to prevent saw wear;

8) monitor the condition of the belts on the pulleys, with a high wear of the belts, the band saw blade and the pulley may come into contact, leading to a break in the saw 9) do not allow sawdust to accumulate on the belts and between the belt and the pulley - the resulting vibration wears out the saw;

10) the log feed speed should be as high as possible. Reducing the speed is fraught with the fact that the band saw moves idly, productivity decreases and the saw blade wears out;

11) high-quality cutting with a band saw is ensured by the machine settings, the condition of the bed, periodic adjustment of the pulleys and rollers (according to the manufacturer's recommendations).

Frozen wood sawing with bandsaws is a challenge for many operators, especially those without the necessary experience. It is especially unpleasant if the wood is not completely frozen, and there are unfrozen areas in the log, i.e. different densities.

Meanwhile, the problem is solved.

And yet, how to cut frozen wood on a band sawmill. Much, when sawing with band saws, depends on correct selection and preparation of the band saw, a lot depends on the geometry of the tooth.

Firstly, saws designed specifically for sawing hard and frozen wood are very effective in this case (for example, Wood-Mizer band saws for wood with a 4/32 profile, or 9/29 “winter” profile saws)

Secondly, pay attention to the layout of the tooth. When working with frozen logs, it makes sense to reduce it to 15-18 or even less, to 12-14.

The operation of a band sawmill is usually affected by an individual combination of various factors, so if you are working with frozen wood for the first time, it is advisable to experiment. Using three saws, make three layouts: recommended, smaller, and even smaller. Work with all three saws, evaluate the result and then apply the optimal setting.

How to work on a band sawmill

Pro Tips

1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE MACHINE

The horizontal band saw machine is used for sawing wood of any hardness into boards, beams, rails. Sawing occurs by moving the saw frame with a cutting tool (band saw) along the fixed rail guides of the band sawmill.

The use of a band sawmill allows you to:

to produce boards with high surface quality from the material

receive a BOARD with an accuracy of 2 mm. with a length of 6 m;

band sawmill allows you to reduce waste by 2-3 times,

reduce energy costs;

quickly adjust the sawing size,

The band sawmill is capable of sawing short workpieces (from 1.0 meters) and producing products up to 2 millimeters thick.

the band sawmill works in the conditions of UHL 4 (GOST 15150-69). The band sawmill is equipped with an electromechanical type saw unit lift.

2. "Band sawmills" - work and device:

2.1 The main components and parts of the band sawmill:

A bed that moves along rail guides in a horizontal direction;

saw frame;

Raising the saw frame mechanism;

Electric cabinet;

log clamp;

Movable slider of the driven pulley;

Leading pulley;

Driven pulley;

V-belt transmission;

Rail guides of a band sawmill;

Tensioning band saw mechanism;

Band saw mounting socket;

Band saw sheave cover

coolant tank

Saw guide fixed

Saw guide movable

The bed of the band sawmill has a U-shape and soles with rollers for moving the saw frame along the rails and felt brushes that clean the guide from sawdust. The lifting of the saw frame is carried out by two sliders located on the racks of the bed. The movement is carried out by a two-way, synchronously connected chain transmission, driven by an electric motor, through a gearbox.

The frame is made of two channels, which are parallel and interconnected. On one end of the frame, the leading saw pulley is fixedly fixed, on the other end, the driven one, which has the possibility of longitudinal movement. The band saw blade is tensioned by a spring-screw mechanism, the spring dampens the thermal expansion of the saw band. In the manufacture of a band sawmill, the tension for a saw with a width of 35 centimeters is calibrated. The risks of the W tensioner housing and washer are equal to a tension force of 525 kilograms. In the front beam of the band sawmill and on the slider of the driven pulley there are two locks for removing and installing the saw band. On the brackets located in the middle of the frame, two band saw guides (movable and fixed) are installed, which are equipped with support rollers and an adjustment system and a bar. Torque is transmitted from the sawmill engine to the drive pulley - V-belt transmission. The coolant reservoir is fixed on top of the saw-bevel guard. The supply of liquid is regulated by taps located on the tank. The band sawmill control panel is located on the top jumper of the machine.

Guides collapsible from 3 sections, which is convenient for transportation. Below are the base plates into which the anchor bolts are screwed. On top of the guides of the band sawmill supports the logs. The log on rail guides is fixed with four screw clamps and a stop that provides 90 degrees.
3. ADJUSTING THE SAW PULLEYS

3.1. The machine provides for adjusting the position of both pulleys relative to each other in the horizontal and vertical planes. It is necessary to ensure that the band saw with a tension of 6-8 kg / mm sq. in cross section by one branch did not leave the rims of the saw pulleys.

3.2. First of all, the pulleys are adjusted in a vertical plane, exposing them at a right angle with respect to the saw frame. To do this, on the slider of the driven pulley, the Ml0 bolt is screwed in from below to its axis, and on the driving pulley, adjustment is carried out by installing spacer washers or plates. This operation is performed by the manufacturer.

3.3 To adjust the position of the saw pulleys of the horizontal plane, two bolts Ml2 are screwed into the ends of the frame from the side of the driving pulley, and one bolt is screwed to the axis of the driven pulley.

It is necessary to adjust the pulleys of the band sawmill in the following sequence:

3.3.1 Turn off the automatic power supply on the control panel.

3.3.2 Open the saw pulley guards.

3.3.3 Install the band saw on the pulleys in such a way that it protrudes beyond the edges of the pulleys by the value of the tooth height plus 2-5 mm.

3.3.4 Close the movable connectors (locks).

3.3.5 Tension the band saw by turning the nut of the tension mechanism to the optimum value for this type of band saw (based on 6-8 kg/mm2).

3.3.6. Turning the hand for the driven pulley in the direction of sawing (counterclockwise), you need to look at what position the band saw will take on the pulleys. If the tape runs outward by an equal amount from both pulleys, then without loosening the tension of the saw, release the lock nut Ml6, which secures the axis of the driven pulley to the saw frame (saw frame slider).

3.3.7 Then loosen the M12 lock nut and screw in the Ml2 bolt a small amount, then tighten the M12 lock nut and the M16 lock nut.

3.3.8 Repeat point 3.3.6 and if the tape runs off, repeat the adjustment until the correct result is obtained.

3.3.9 If the band runs inward by an even amount, then it is necessary to loosen the tension of the band saw.

3.3.10. Loosen the Ml6 lock nut, M12 lock nut and unscrew the M12 bolt a small amount, then tighten the M12 and M16 nuts.

3.3.11 If the tape has taken the position according to the instructions, then the adjustment is correct.

3.3.12 If the band saw immediately runs off the drive pulley during rotation, then the adjustment should be started from it.

3.3.13 To do this, depending on the direction from which the belt runs (outward or inward), loosen the left or right lock nuts Ml6 and adjust in the same sequence as on the driven pulley.

3.3.14 After adjustment, tighten all nuts.

3.3.15 Close the doors of the saw pulley covers.

3.3.16 Turn on the e-mail dispenser. energy on the control panel.

3.3.17 Briefly switch on the drive of the saw pulleys and make sure that the saw blade is in the correct position. The machine is ready to work.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR SAW BANDS

1. During the operation of the band sawmill, in order to increase the service life of the band saw, it is necessary to properly tension it on the pulleys.

1.1 The amount of tension, depending on its width, is determined by the device "Tensometer".

1.2 Attention! The band saw should not be in operation for more than 2 hours. After this time, it must be removed from the machine and hung out in a free state for at least 24 hours to relieve fatigue stresses.

2 Use the correct lubricant for the band saw blade.

As a cutting fluid (coolant), in most cases, just water is enough, or water with the addition of detergent("Fairy", etc.). However, at low temperatures it is best to use a mixture of 50%-80% diesel or kerosene and 50%-20% motor oil or chainsaw tire oil. Good results when sawing conifers are also given by the use of turpentine.

In the case of using water as a coolant, it is necessary to wipe the pulleys and the belt with oil at the end of the work.

3. Always loosen the band saw tension.

When you're done, take the tension off the saw. When working, the blades heat up and stretch, and then when cooled, they shrink by tenths of a millimeter during each cooling period. Therefore, the belts left on the pulleys under load overload themselves, and the imprint of the two pulleys is formed on them, which causes cracks in the cavities between the teeth.

4. Use the correct tooth setting.

The setting is correct if you have 65-70% sawdust and 30-35% air in the space between the saw blade and the treated wood. If your tooth setting is too wide for the weight or thickness of the wood, there will be too much air in the cut and not enough sawdust. You will have excessive sawdust losses, and as a result, a large roughness of the processed wood. If the spread is not sufficient, you will not get enough air flow to remove sawdust from the kerf. Hot sawdust is a sign of this. This can cause the most devastating damage to the saw: operating intervals will be short, the saw will fail prematurely. The sawdust should be cold to the touch. And, finally, with insufficient divorce and the wrong sharpening angle, the saw will cut a wave on the board. From our point of view, you cannot work with the same set of teeth with logs of different diameters, timber and cant.

You must sort the timber.

For every 20-25 centimeters increase in size, it is necessary to increase the wiring by about 18%, depending on whether the wood is hard or soft, wet or dry. The only way to achieve the desired layout is to carry out control cuts of a certain log. Increase the set by 5-8 hundredths of a millimeter on each side until tooth marks are visible. This means that you are working with a 50/50 mixture of air and sawdust. After that, reduce the set of teeth by 8-10 hundredths on each side, and you will achieve desired result. Note: You should only breed the top eight, not the middle or bottom. You don't want the gap between the teeth to fill completely when sawing. When you work with soft wood, whether wet or dry, the wood chips increase in volume by 4-7 times compared to their state at the cellular level. Hard woods, wet or dry, increase in volume only 1/2-3 times. This means that if you are sawing 45cm pine logs, you will need to set your teeth 20% more than when sawing 45cm oak logs. Always set teeth before sharpening.

5. Sharpen your saw properly.

There is only one way to sharpen band saws. The stone should travel down the surface of the tooth, around the base of the cavity between the teeth, and up along the back of the tooth in one continuous motion.

The space between the teeth (gallet) is not a sawdust bin. The power flow of air, the cooling of steel and the removal of sawdust depend on it.

If you have the correct set of teeth, the air is supplied along the log at the same speed as the saw, as a result, the sawdust is sucked into the gallet. The sawdust cools it considerably as it passes around the inside and outside of the next tooth. It is necessary that the space between the teeth be filled by 40%, which will provide the necessary cooling and increase the time of the saw.

6. Install correct angle sharpening.

Thanks to the deep gutters, we can use reduced sharpening angles that transfer less heat to the tip of the tooth. The series uses a 10 Degree hook angle that is able to penetrate most medium hard to medium soft wood surfaces.

The general rule is this: the harder the wood, the smaller the sharpening angle.

Warning: Do not trust the scales and measuring rulers on your grinder!

The pins and guides on it wear out. In the course of work, the profile of the stone changes.

To control the correct sharpening angles, use a protractor. Attention; we recommend changing saw blades every two hours of continuous operation, while allowing them to rest for at least a day.

During the operation of the machine, it becomes necessary to regulate individual components in order to restore their normal operation.

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kazap.ru

How to saw on a band sawmill

A band sawmill is a machine that produces boards and timber from wood that meet technical standards.

You can choose a quality machine for these purposes on the website http://www.enerteh.ru/catalog/lenpil/.

The nuances of work

In order to use a band sawmill for a long time for high-quality work, it is necessary to choose a band saw depending on the goals and operate it correctly.

When working with a band saw, you should not ignore such points as:

  • damage to the tooth setting;
  • accumulation of resin on the saw;
  • blade curvature;
  • cutting feed slowdown.

A band sawmill is a machine whose operation is based on passing a saw blade through a wood material, so the quality of work on it depends 9/10 on the correct fulfillment of the requirements for maintaining a band saw.

For this you need:

  1. Feed the log at the highest speed to prevent idling of the saw leading to wear.
  2. Timely clean the belts from sawdust to block vibration.
  3. Check machine settings.
  4. Adjust saw blade tension.
  5. Select material for processing, cleaned of debris and contaminants.
  6. Adjust the tooth setting according to the moisture content of the wood sheet.
  7. It is better to work with large radius logs.
  8. Use necessary tools for sharpening.

The main points in the work of the saw:

  • tooth height;
  • tooth alignment;
  • hook angle;
  • sharpness of the tooth.

The saw must be correctly mounted on the pulleys. The belts on the pulleys must be of the correct thickness to increase the life of the saw.

To work faster, it is important that the guide rollers are in the right position. With this, the saw blade will be firmly fixed when sawing and its performance will increase.

For high-quality operation of the band sawmill, it is necessary to abandon the use of water as a lubricant. To do this, it is better to take ½ diesel fuel and ½ chainsaw oil.

This solution must be sprayed on both sides of the saw blade. The quality of the saw will increase, and the amount of wood flowering will decrease.

For a long-term operation of a band sawmill, it is necessary to monitor the saw layout, use a tooth shape specially created for high-quality work, and timely perform technical inspection and maintenance of the machine.

How to saw on a band sawmill taiga T1b:

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