DIY frame house walls. Do-it-yourself frame house: photos of construction stages We build a two-story frame house with our own hands

Construction wooden houses frame construction has gained popularity in our area relatively recently, only in recent decades. And such a rapid growth in the number of supporters of such buildings is due to the very fast process of their construction and the possibility of using environmentally friendly materials.

The first frame buildings appeared during the development of the territories of America and Canada, then they became widespread in European countries. This type of building is good not only because the house rises quickly, but also because it requires much less cost and physical effort. In addition, if the facade of the house is decorated with one of modern materials imitating brick, wood or stone, then its walls will be impossible to distinguish from capital ones.

Interestingly, building with your own hands is quite possible even alone. Of course, the process will take much longer, but you won’t have to pay for the work of an entire team. If you decide to carry out the construction yourself and complete it during the warm and dry summer period, then you still need to start in early spring. In case the house is not completely finished until late autumn, you need to try to bring the construction to at least the rafter structure and flooring roofing material, since the building cannot be allowed to stand uncovered until next spring.

What is frame construction?

If we consider in general, then the frame structure of the house consists of a lower and upper frame, which fastens the vertically installed posts that form the frame of the external and interior walls. The base for the floors and attic floor consists of load-bearing beams made of timber. The rafter system is also erected from beams, and roofing. It is desirable that it does not have too much mass.

Insulation is installed and laid between the frame elements. Its thickness is chosen depending on the region and climatic conditions. In any case, the thickness of the frame posts must correspond to this value. Most often, one of the varieties of mineral wool, ecowool, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam is chosen as thermal insulation materials. Expanded clay is also used to insulate floors and attic floors.

How to insulate a frame house?

When choosing, you need to take into account not only the thermal insulation qualities of the material, but also a number of other factors - hygroscopicity, chemical and biological resistance, density, environmental friendliness, etc. And for frame house The flammability of the material and its stability are of great importance .

On the pages of our portal there are many materials that tell in detail.

After installing the insulation, the structure is sheathed with moisture-resistant materials - this can be OSB board, moisture-resistant plywood or cement-bonded particle board (CSP).

Compared to solid wood, block or brick buildings, the frame structure is lightweight and does not require a massive foundation. A columnar or pile-screw foundation is suitable for it, and if you plan to arrange basements in the house, then in this case it is best to choose a strip foundation. Frame structure it is necessary to raise it high enough above the ground, so the base part must have a height of at least 500 mm. This is necessary so that moisture from soil, from rain water or snowdrifts affected as little as possible wooden elements frame house.

Foundation for a frame structure

Any construction begins with a foundation, and as stated above, you can choose any type of it (except, perhaps, a monolithic “floating” slab - there is no need for it).

Marking of future construction and earthworks

Before you start digging trenches for the foundation or screwing in piles, it is necessary to carefully mark the area. This work should not be considered secondary, since the straightness of future walls, and the overall volume of work, will depend on it. So How Not have to make unnecessary efforts to remake the foundation if its exact coordinates and dimensions are initially determined.

• Marking is carried out using a tape measure, a square, and other simple geodetic instruments. Usually it consists of installing wooden stakes with stretched cords that visually show the size of the building and its location on the ground.

This kind of “blueprint” defines everything load-bearing walls structure if a strip foundation is chosen. If you are planning a columnar or pile-screw version, then you need to mark the exact location of each of the pillars (supports).

• Trenches can be dug manually or, if you need to carry out this process quickly, you can use special construction equipment, with the help of which all this the operation will take place for one day.
• For digging holes under columnar foundation They use, in addition to shovels, ordinary hand drill or a motor drill, which will allow you to drill holes of the required diameter to the required depth much faster.

These methods are the most affordable, since if you invite large-sized equipment, then it is necessary, firstly, to have additional space on the site and free passage to the place of work, and secondly, the cost of such drilling will be many times more expensive.

• At the stage of digging a pit, sewerage is carried out. To lay pipes, trenches are dug to a depth below the soil freezing level in a given region. Then pipes are laid to the place inside the pit where, according to the plan, a bathroom or a ventilated sewer riser should be located.

If a columnar foundation is being installed, then the section of pipe running from the ground level to the exit in the house must be carefully insulated. It is recommended to build brick walls around it, and fill the space between the pipe and them with insulation.

Of course, this work can be carried out after construction is completed, but in this case it will be inconvenient - you will have to cut holes in the floor or cut through the foundation wall.

Construction of the foundation

In order to specifically focus on one type of foundation, you need to understand what they are.

Strip foundation

This type of foundation is a concrete monolithic strip with a reinforcement grid in its design. The height of the basement can be different, but if the house construction plan includes basement, then the foundation walls are raised by 600 ÷ 800 mm, and in this case they will require insulation. When preparing the formwork, we must not forget about the ventilation holes, which will not allow moisture to accumulate under the building.

"Classic" strip foundation

If you immediately take measures to combat rodents, of which there are always a lot outside the city, then it is recommended to make a backfill of fine-grained expanded clay around the foundation and inside it.

Columnar foundation

1 – foundation pillar;

2 – strapping beams;

3 – floor beams;

4 – subfloor logs.

A columnar foundation is a set of concrete, brick or combined pillars located in the correct order, according to the markings. The supports are buried depending on the types and location of soil layers in the area and the massiveness of the future structure.

Are you choosing a columnar foundation?

For a frame house on stable ground - very good decision. All installation details can be found in a special article.

Pile-screw foundation

A screw foundation consists of metal piles screwed to the required depth at points, according to the markings carried out in accordance with the project. The upper part of the piles, protruding above the ground surface, is tied with a metal grillage or metal jumpers, and then with a powerful beam. This will become the basis for the lower trim of the frame structure itself.

The good thing about the pile-screw design is that the supports can be screwed in so that they protrude to different heights. This allows you to install the house not only on a flat area, but also on a rough area, with a difference in height - then bringing the piles to one horizontal level will not be difficult.

to the same height.

It will not be possible to screw in screw piles on your own - you will have to either invite several assistants, or use the services of a team of craftsmen “armed” with special equipment.

Prices for cement and basic mixtures

Cement and base mixtures

Construction of the frame Whatever foundation is chosen, it must be on top waterproof

– the platform (grillage, mounting plates or the upper edge of the pillars or tape) on which the lower frame beam will be installed is covered with roofing felt, which will create a moisture-proof seal.

The roofing material is spread in several layers, preferably using a “hot” method on tar mastic, and it must be 150 ÷ ​​200 mm larger than the width of the foundation, since it must protrude from both sides.

Bottom harness

The harness is made of timber measuring 150×150 or 200×150 mm. At the corners, the elements are connected “in half a tree”, the bars are securely twisted together and secured to the foundation supports (strip) using pins or anchors, depending on what type of base is chosen and what material it is constructed from.

Additionally, the strapping beams are fastened together with corners or other metal elements, for example, plates. The same parts can be used to attach the strapping to the foundation.

At the end of this work, a rigid strapping belt should be obtained that can support the main structure of the frame. In the case when the timber used does not have the proper cross-sectional size, two, and sometimes three, parts are stacked one on top of the other. Moreover

, the upper frame beam is mounted on the lower beam so that possible butt joints, if any, do not lie one above the other. wooden harness mounted on a strip foundation, it may not have too much thickness, but it is very important that its width coincides with the width of the concrete base.

Basement beams and flooring

Basement beams

The strength qualities of the frame depend to the maximum extent on the quality and cross-section of the frame beams and floor beams. It is clear that they are trying to select first-class material. But the cross-section depends on both the length of the spans and the spacing of the parts. To correctly determine the size, you can use the following table:

Table of cross-sections of floor beams for a frame building:

Cross-section of 1st grade lumber used	Span length (mm)
	3000	3500	4000	4500	5000	5500	6000
Attic floor
Board
160×50	1200	900	650	500	420	-	-
200×50	1850	1350	1050	800	650	550	450
180×80	2400	1750	1350	1050	850	700	600
timber	Distance between adjacent beams (mm)
140×180	-	-	-	1800	1480	1200	1050
150×200	-	-	-	2400	2000	1650	1400
160×220	-	-	-	-	2500	2000	1750
Basement and interfloor ceilings
Board	Distance between adjacent beams (mm)
160×50	800	600	450	-	-	-	-
200×50	1250	900	700	550	450	-	-
180×80	1200	1200	900	700	650	450	-
timber	Distance between adjacent beams (mm)
140×180	-	-	1550	1200	1300	800	700
150×200	-	-	-	1650	1700	1000	900
160×220	-	-	-	2000	1900	1400	1100

• The next step is securing the basement beams. They, as a rule, have the same cross-sectional size as the strapping bars. The connection of the floor beams with the strapping belt is carried out “in half a tree”, for which cuts are made in both elements.

The beams should give the structure of the future floor rigidity and reliability. Therefore, if the building area is large enough, then often the basement beams are laid on the strapping belt for each room separately.

• After the installation of the basement floor beams is completed, flooring will be required for further work. And here many craftsmen prefer and advise beginners to immediately install floors, both rough and “white” (of course, not counting the finishing decorative coating). However, with this option of work, it is necessary to provide that the entire floor area will need to be covered daily with a solid sheet of dense polyethylene film until the entire structure is protected from precipitation by the roof and walls.
• All parts of the lower belt are covered with antiseptic and water-repellent impregnation - this measure will extend the life of the building.

• At the same stage it is necessary to raise sewer pipe above the floor surface by 100 ÷ 150 mm. To do this, in each layer of the covering, it is necessary to make holes through which the sewerage pipe will be passed.

Sub flooring

• To lay the subfloor, skull blocks are screwed onto the lower parts of the floor beams, onto which boards or plywood sheets will be fixed.
• Next comes laying and securing the boards. For this, it is not at all necessary to purchase first-class material, but it must be well dried. It is recommended to install the boards close to each other - this will add insulation to the floor, since the structure will be less ventilated.

Installation of insulating floor pie

• The next step is to cover the subfloor and floor beams with a waterproofing membrane, which uses dense polyethylene. It is usually secured using staples.
• Next, mats are laid on the waterproofing or expanded clay is poured, which is no less effective than other materials. If you plan to make several layers of insulation, then the first of them is recommended to use fine-grained expanded clay.

• A layer of vapor barrier film is laid on top of the insulation, and then attached or batten, or sheet material. For this, plywood or OSB is often used.

IN Lately often used instead of plywood cement bonded particle boards, which can be used not only for floor coverings, but also for walls and ceilings. The material has good technical and operational characteristics, is not inferior, and in some ways even surpasses its “competitors”.

The table below shows comparative estimates indicators of some sheet materials that They will give you a rough idea of ​​them and help you make a choice.

Characteristics	Rating the material using a 5-point system
Average score	2.9	3	3.3	3.6	4.1
	MDF	Chipboard	Plywood	OSB	DSP
Strength	2	3	4	4	4
Resistance to external aggressive influences	1	2	3	5	5
Dimensional stability	2	3	3	3	4
Weight	2	2	3	3	2
Manufacturability of machining	3	4	4	5	5
Manufacturability of painting	5	3	3	2	4
Defects: knots, delamination, delamination, etc.	5	4	3	5	5

Sheets of floor covering material are screwed with self-tapping screws to the floor beams. If insulation is provided in two layers, then logs are nailed on top of the beams, between which the second layer of insulation is laid. Then everything is the same - a vapor barrier is laid, and plywood or other covering is fixed to the joists.

It should be noted that instead of the last vapor barrier layer, roofing felt sheets are often laid with an overlap of 150 ÷ ​​200 mm, which are fastened together with mastic using a “hot” method.

Construction of the wall frame, top trim

Once the bottom chord is completed, you can proceed to the construction of the wall frame. First of all, it is necessary to install corner posts, which usually have a larger cross-section than intermediate ones.

• The racks should be fixed according to pre-made markings, at a distance of 600 mm from each other - this is the standard width of insulation mats, but if necessary, they can be placed with a different pitch, for example, 400 mm. You can attach intermediate posts, just like corner posts, in different ways:
• The racks can first be secured using metal corners, and then jumpers can be installed between them, which will create rigidity of the structure.

• Another option would be to install the racks on the strapping belt at the time when the floor is already installed, or before its installation.

— If fastening is carried out after the floor has been laid, then grooves are cut out near the floor beams. Racks are installed in them and secured to the beam and frame using self-tapping screws.

— If the racks are attached before installing the floor, then this can be done using an additional part - a piece of timber, which is screwed with self-tapping screws to inside racks and strapping beams.

— The third option is to install racks with diagonal supports (mitters), which are installed on both sides and screwed with self-tapping screws or nailed.

— The fourth method of attaching racks can be complete or incomplete cutting of the rack into a frame or into an additional reinforcing beam nailed perpendicular to the floor beams.

• When installing racks, you cannot forget about window and doorways. They are designated by transverse bars, which for rigidity are supported from above and below by additional reinforcing posts. Spacer bars will give the structure additional rigidity.

• Each of the racks is verified with the greatest care vertically in two planes using building level. Then they are all fastened together with temporary jumper slats, which will fix them in the correct position.

• When the racks stand rigidly enough, they must be united with an upper trim, which is nailed to the ends of the racks, and then additionally secured with the help of corners or spacer slopes, secured diagonally.

• The top frame beams should have the same width as the vertical posts. Special attention is paid to their reliable fastening, since they will become the basis for the beams attic floor and, therefore, the entire rafter system as a whole.
• To ensure that the structure of the wall frame is strong, after installing the top frame, it is recommended to immediately sheath the outside with plywood or other selected sheet material. The sheets are mounted on self-tapping screws to the vertical posts.

Prices for various types of timber

Video - The biggest mistakes when building a frame house

Attic beams and roof structure

Once the strength and stability of the wall frame is no longer a concern, the attic floor beams can be installed.

• They are fixed exactly above the studs of the wall frame. If boards are prepared as the material for this, then they are installed on the end, having previously made cuts in them to 1/3 of the width of the board, and the depth of the cut should be equal to the width of the beam or board of the top trim.

Fastening is done using a metal corner, which is screwed on one side to the frame and the other to the beam. Fasteners are installed on both sides of the beam.

• Next, you can proceed to the installation of the rafter system. True, it is advisable to immediately install at least a temporary flooring on the attic floor beams, on which you can move during the work process.

Prices for different types of tiles

Roof tiles

Video - 11 important rules for the rigidity of a frame house

Insulation and finishing works

After that To Once the roof has been erected over the house, external windows and doors should be installed. This process is carried out before insulation work so that all cracks and gaps that may form during the installation of window and door units can be simultaneously closed. After this, you can move on to insulating the walls, attic floor and roof.

Walls can be insulated both inside and outside. For this, thermal insulation materials are used, which have already been mentioned in our publication.

• If the walls are sheathed on the outside with plywood, then a wall is installed from the inside between the racks, which then must be covered on top with a vapor barrier film.

• For additional insulation, thermal insulation materials are also installed on the outside of the walls. To do this, a sheathing is screwed to them, between the bars of which the selected insulation is laid or applied.

A windproof, vapor barrier film is fixed on top of the insulation.

• Insulation of the attic floor is carried out in approximately the same way as the basement:

— cranial bars are screwed onto the floor beams;

- a subfloor is laid on them;

— the floor is covered with waterproofing;

- then comes the insulating material (expanded clay, mineral wool, sawdust, ecowool, polystyrene foam, etc.);

— the insulation is covered with waterproofing on top;

- boards or plywood of the “white” attic floor are mounted on top of it.

• It is also better to insulate the roof slopes, since most of the heat escapes through the ceilings and the roof. To do this, insulation is laid between the rafters, which is covered with a vapor barrier on the attic side, and then all layers are sheathed with clapboard, plywood, cement-bonded particle boards or moisture-resistant plasterboard.

The sheathing can be secured to the rafters or to an additionally screwed horizontal batten.

• Having completed the insulation work, you can move on to the external cladding of the house. decorative material. It can be chosen to suit every taste - it can be vinyl or metal siding, wooden lining, “block house” or other modern materials.

Siding with insulation is a solution to several problems at once!

The facade of the building acquires reliable thermal insulation, protection from weather conditions, and the house itself acquires completeness, neatness and individuality.

How – read in a special publication on our portal.

• Internal lining can also be done in different ways:

- plasterboard, making perfectly smooth walls for painting or wallpapering;

- wooden lining, which makes the house cozy and brings natural freshness to it;

- plywood, which can also be prepared for painting or wallpaper.

Interior decoration of a frame house - at the request of the owners

In conclusion finishing works, around windows and doors are mounted decorative panels– slopes and platbands.

If a veranda or terrace was not planned in the project, then they can be added after all the work is completed, but it is better, of course, to build it together with the walls.

Electrics can be installed both inside the walls, even at the stage of installing the frame, and after finishing the cladding with decorative material. The latter installation method has recently been used more and more often, since it is safer and allows, if necessary, to carry out renovation work without opening decorative finishing. However, modern technologies allow you to use other options.

Electrical wiring in wooden house- Special attention!

Say what you will, but there is a fire hazard wooden house always higher than stone. Any “liberties” in electrical installation are simply unacceptable!

How to install it correctly is described in detail in a special article on the portal.

If you decide to start building a frame house, you need to remember that this will require a lot of free time, although incomparably less than with other buildings. The work will certainly go more fun and faster if there is a reliable and knowledgeable assistant nearby, or better yet, several. In this situation, it is quite possible to build a house in one summer season.

The main thing is to act in accordance with the technological instructions during the construction process when performing all types of work, to carry them out carefully, harmoniously and consistently.

And in conclusion, to complete the overall picture - a video lecture on the main advantages and disadvantages frame houses.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Video: frame house - “pros” and “cons”

The housing issue will never lose its relevance. This explains why two-story frame houses are so popular.

Such projects are practical, functional and inexpensive. They are equally appropriate in the capital region and in provincial towns.

Algorithm for building a two-story country cottage

In order to country house turned out to be durable and cozy, it is necessary to carry out construction according to the specified scheme.

• Pouring the foundation.

Light enough strip foundation. The weight of the frame is small, there is no point in pouring a heavy foundation or driving powerful piles.

• Communications liner.

Electricity, gas pipeline, sewerage - all these utilities must be connected to the cottage before initial stage construction.

• Installation of the frame.

The base of the building is assembled from a house kit. This assembly takes a matter of days. It does not require the use of heavy construction equipment.

• Roof installation.

Once the roofing materials have been selected, you can begin installing the roof. This important process on which depends how warm, reliable, durable it will be

• Insulation of frame and roof.

If the house is intended for year-round residence, then this item is required. If you plan to use the cottage only in the summer, then you can save on thermal insulation.

• Installation of doors and windows.

The simplest stage of construction. It will only take a few days to implement it.

• Exterior finishing.

Turnkey construction work involves finishing the facade of the building, installing a porch, and equipping extensions such as a veranda and terrace. Finishing is included in the total price of the entire building.

Advantages of two-story frame houses

The main advantage of such buildings is their affordable price. This concerns not only the cost of the building, but also its subsequent maintenance. For its owner, maintaining such a house will cost 2-3 times less than maintaining a similar brick cottage.

In addition, frame cottages are distinguished by good thermal efficiency, environmental friendliness and ease of construction.

It’s winter, construction is at a standstill, it’s time to prepare for spring construction, collect information, think about projects, make decisions on what technology and which one to start building in the spring, and it’s just around the corner.

Last year on this forum I told how my brother and I built frame bath. Now I want to present you with a report with photographs and explanations of the construction process of a frame house. I hope that many forum participants who are planning to build it themselves will learn something interesting and useful for themselves. We will talk about the construction of this house:

Many of you purchase and read DOM magazines; in the second issue of this year there is an article telling how, in just a few holidays and during the summer holidays our friend managed to build such a house. The editors of the magazine shortened the text I prepared a little and removed some of the photographs and drawings, but nevertheless, the construction technology is understandable to many people, I think.

Here I will present to your attention the full text with big amount photos, I’ll try to answer your questions, just don’t contact me as a professional builder, I’m the same as most of you, I’ll be happy to tell you about all the intricacies of the entire technological process I use in the construction of frame houses.

They decided to build one storey house According to frame technology, a columnar foundation can be used for such a structure, which will not take much effort and time, and the frame of such a house can be erected under a roof without interior decoration within a few days.

Project. The owner's family consists of four people, which means the house must have at least three bedrooms, one a large room for guests, a kitchen, a toilet room with a shower, a large terrace for evening tea and outdoor dining. A typical country house for a middle-income family. They took the development of the house project very seriously, since not only the issue of the house’s ease of use depends on it, but also the price of the house, construction technology and the time during which it is possible to build and produce the exterior and interior decoration Houses.

Initially, we planned to make two bay windows so that the house would have what we thought was an unusual appearance. But in the process of working on the drawings of the frame details, we came to the decision that without bay windows, construction time and costs could be significantly reduced, and the house would be warmer and more practical. Based on these conditions and our technical capabilities, we made a house project.

Entrance to the house through the terrace - 13m2, in winter time year, it will serve as a cold vestibule, from it we pass into a small heated corridor - 5 m2, in which there is a hanger for outerwear and a shelf for shoes. From this corridor you can get to the parents' bedroom - 11m2, to the toilet room - 6m2 and to the kitchen - 18m2. The kitchen consists of two zones, next to front door work area with washing table, gas stove, refrigerator and shelves, then a dining area with a large table, corner sofa and a metal stove-fireplace, from which you can access the guest room - 21 m2 and the children's bedrooms - 8.6 m2 and 10.8 m2.

Foundation. Since they decided to build a lightweight one-story house using frame technology, measuring 11 by 9 meters, the foundation of the house was made as a pillar, using asbestos-cement pipes filled with concrete mortar. Such a foundation can be made very quickly, and there is no need to wait for a month for the cement to completely harden.

Using a gas drill, we drilled holes in the ground with a diameter of 200 mm. to a depth of about one meter. The distance between the pillars is 80-90cm.
Asbestos-cement pipes with an internal diameter of 100 mm and a length of 1.3 m were installed level in the drilled holes. They sprinkled sand around the pipes, spilled water and compacted it, poured concrete solution into the pipes in the proportion: a bucket of cement, four buckets of sand and five to six buckets of crushed stone. Special plates for attaching the joists were installed in the pipes on which the floor joists will rest.
Over two weekends, 125 pipes were installed and filled with concrete.

Wells were drilled to a depth of about one meter.

The pipes were installed level and plumb, then they were sprinkled around with sand and thrombosed.

The pipes were filled with concrete solution through a special funnel.

During the May holidays from May 7-9, all the foundation pipes of the future house were installed and filled with concrete mortar.

Cottages with a full second floor are most popular in suburban construction. Even on a small area, they allow you to create all the conditions for a comfortable stay for your family. At the same time, the living space increases and it becomes possible to remove the bedrooms from noisy common areas.

A 2-story frame house is lightweight and does not require an expensive foundation. Power frame It is made from planed lumber that has undergone kiln drying, and the cladding is made from OSB boards and environmentally friendly insulation. Such buildings themselves maintain a comfortable microclimate; they are resistant to mechanical loads and aggressive environmental influences.

The Dachny Sezon company designs and builds two-story frame houses on a turnkey basis according to ready-made and individual projects. Using modern Finnish and Canadian house-building technologies, we build beautiful, reliable and warm housing in 1.5-2 months.

Order a 2-storey house from the Dachny Season company

The site presents projects of two-story frame houses, floor drawings, photos of already constructed objects. There are three configuration options available at your discretion: “Basic”, “Basic” and “Turnkey”. It is possible to make any changes to suit customer requirements, as well as develop individual project from scratch.

Our advantages:

• Staged payment - 1% - 14% - 20% - 20% - 20% - 20% - 5%
• Internal redevelopment - free of charge
• Technical supervision at all stages of construction
• Own production of lumber
• Free delivery of materials throughout Moscow and the Moscow region (up to 100 km from the Moscow Ring Road)
• 7 years home warranty

Additionally, you can inexpensively order finishing work, construction of a porch, veranda or terrace, lining the roof with soffits, laying water supply, heating and sewage networks around the house. Any project from our database can be purchased separately, without ordering construction work. For getting additional information O available projects and prices for additional services, call: +7 (499) 650–50–18.

A warm and inexpensive house that can be built in one season is the dream of any owner. Frame house construction meets these requirements. The low weight of all structural elements makes it possible to do without the use of lifting and other special equipment, and modern thermal insulation materials make frame houses suitable for living even in harsh northern winters. But it is not enough to know how to build a frame house; it is necessary to comply with all the requirements of the technology and take into account the phased features of the construction of the structure. We asked the specialists of the City of Houses company to talk about all the nuances of frame housing construction.

Finished view of a frame house Source premium-sk.ru

Basic rules of frame construction

To ensure that the final result of construction does not disappoint, before construction you need to familiarize yourself with simple rules:

• The main criterion when choosing lumber is quality. It is better to give preference to chamber-dried wood than wood with natural moisture, which can crack when drying out. A good option There will be technical drying of the timber, which minimizes the amount of moisture in the tree.
• Entrust the work to professionals. Building a house in which you will live is not the most suitable platform for experiments; if something is done wrong, then at best it will lead to uncomfortable living conditions, and at worst - to emergency situations. And this is not even taking into account the fact that construction is not only the construction of walls, but also many narrow-profile types of work: wiring of communications (sewage, electricity, heating), roofing on top and much more.

A professional team builds a frame house in a short time Source analytspectr.ru

• Every little thing matters. Trying to save money on fastening materials, insulation or wood impregnations can be expensive. Low-quality but cheap insulation can emit harmful substances, hazardous to health. Unreliable fastening of elements can lead to damage to the integrity of the frame.

Frame house construction technology - step-by-step work, which in itself will help save budget funds. Therefore, you should not save on building materials.

Choosing a site on the site

Two groups of factors that influence the location of the future home are recommendatory and obligatory.

The latter include:

• Fire regulations. They regulate the rules for the location of buildings depending on the fire hazard. For example, the distance between buildings made of non-combustible materials is at least 6 meters, for wood and other combustible materials - 12 m.
• Sanitary standards. They regulate the distance from the house to outbuildings, power lines, trees and other things.

For the right choice the location of the house must take into account many factors Source goroddomov.ru

• Horizontal orientation. Windows facing south or east will allow for maximum natural light.
• Accounting for prevailing winds. It's not worth arranging additional windows and doors on the leeward side.
• Distance to roadway. The greater the distance to the road, the quieter it will be in the house, but it will increase the access road.
• Appearance from the window. It is preferable to have windows overlooking the garden rather than those overlooking the estate's courtyard and outbuildings.

To comply with all standards and select the most suitable location, you must contact the design organization.

The foundation for a house is the basis

A strong foundation is the key to a strong and durable home. For frame buildings, a foundation of one of the following types is usually built:

• shallow belt;
• pile-screw.

In the first case, they will first be carried out excavation so that there is somewhere to pour the foundation, then formwork is made and a reinforcing frame is laid out in it.

The second stage is pouring concrete. It is technologically correct to do this in one step, but sometimes layer-by-layer filling is allowed. As the formwork hardens, it is removed - the foundation should gain strength within 30 days. After this, waterproofing work is carried out, and the assembly of the lower trim begins.

Scheme of a strip foundation for a frame house Source goroddomov.ru

The pile foundation, in turn, is considered one of the most inexpensive and quickly erected.

The pile is a thick metal pipe, the end of which is equipped with a helical blade. They are twisted into the ground using special equipment. There are some types of driven piles, but they are rarely used.

Source goroddomov.ru

Video description

What are the pros and cons of pile screw foundation? Is it possible to make a high-quality foundation for little money? More details in the video:

Piles are an innovative method of foundation installation that has recently appeared on the domestic market. Therefore, for now it enjoys the distrust of consumers. However correct installation in compliance with all requirements will ensure reliability of construction and long service life.

Bottom rail and floor

To protect the piping from moisture from below, roofing material or waterproofing is laid on the foundation. You can use bitumen mastic, but it will be more expensive roll material. Sometimes materials are combined: once the foundation is covered with mastic, and waterproofing is laid on top.

The assembly of a frame house begins with strapping. For it, boards with a section of 15x5 cm or timber 15x15 cm are used. The boards are laid around the perimeter and aligned along the outer edge of the foundation. IN in the right places holes are drilled for the studs. The second layer of boards is laid in such a way as to cover the bottom joints of the boards. This gives the structure additional strength. Installation of timber is easier and faster, but its price is higher than that of boards. In addition, the general load bearing capacity a double board will be higher than a single beam.

This is what fixed joists look like Source goroddomov.ru

A 20x5 cm board is installed on the edge on the harness. It is also aligned along the outer edge of the foundation and secured with self-tapping screws. The logs are mounted from boards of the same section. Fastened with self-tapping screws or special corners. Installation step – 30–60 cm.

Important! The longer the beam span, the smaller the step. This will ensure uniform distribution of the load on the floor, minimize the deflection of the joists and eliminate the “trampoline” effect.

The next stage is insulation. It is important to choose high-quality insulation here.

Joints with joists must be sealed with sealing materials Source 9dach.ru

Important! It is not advisable to use polystyrene foam. It is a flammable material and therefore poses an increased danger to wooden structures. Most often, stone wool slabs are used for floor insulation.

For the installation of a subfloor it is used edged board 10x2.5 cm. Plywood 0.5–0.6 cm thick is laid on top of it. Sheets of plywood can be laid immediately without flooring from boards. In this case, the thickness of the sheets should be at least 1.5 cm. This option is faster, but in some cases more expensive. Like brickwork, plywood is laid in a staggered manner. A gap of a few centimeters between the sheets compensates for expansion when air humidity increases.

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of frame houses from construction companies, presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.

A strong frame is the key to a strong house

There are two possible schemes for building a frame house:

• construction of a wall on the floor and its subsequent installation in a vertical position;
• assembly of all elements immediately on site.

The first method is usually used in module factories frame-panel houses. In some cases, assembly on the floor is easier than on site, but the resulting structure will have considerable weight, so several people will be needed to lift and install it.

Installation of an already assembled wall Source serbet.edg.access.ly

Even one person can assemble the elements vertically at once. This method is slower, but will help to avoid inaccuracies in dimensions - the parts are assembled “in place”.

To calculate the pitch, there are special formulas that take into account the load on the structure. But in practice, most often the pitch between the racks depends on the width of the insulation. The distance between them should be several centimeters less than the insulation. This will ensure a tight fit to the racks and retain heat.

There are two options for assembling the frame: with screws or with nails.

Depending on the type of outer cladding, permanent or temporary cuts are made. If the outer part is sheathed with sheet material with sufficient strength, it will add additional rigidity to the structure and constant mowing will not be required.

If exterior decoration will be rigid - this option for installing slopes is possible Source doma-vmoskve.ru

If the finishing material is composite - siding or lining, then the installation of permanent slopes will be required.

The installation of corner posts requires special attention. The technology is simple, but simply installing a vertical beam can freeze. Therefore, a warm corner is used in the construction of frame houses.

Vertically installed racks are secured with bevels Source goroddomov.ru

If lumber of a smaller cross-section is used or the owners additionally want to insulate the corner elements, then several options are possible:

• To increase the thickness corner posts nail two boards with a depth equal to the depth of the rack and a width of 5 cm. After external finishing, a special platband is placed on the corner, which provides an air gap between the corner and the platband board. This will reduce heat loss.
• Before starting the outer cladding, a counter-latten is installed that will hold the waterproofing. Typically, timber 5x5 or 5x4 cm is used. 5 cm - optimal size for the ventilation gap between the wall and finishing material. The selected material is attached to the counter-batten - lining, siding, imitation timber.

Overlap

Ceiling beams are attached to the top frame using the cutting method or to metal corners. The notch should not exceed 50% of the thickness of the top trim beam. The cross-section and pitch of the beams depends on the purpose of the second floor.

• If the presence of an attic or a full-fledged residential floor is assumed, then the construction of the floor is similar to the floor of the first floor.
• If there is only an attic above, then the beams are taken with a smaller cross-section.

For ease of work, a subfloor made of 10x2.5 cm boards is laid on the floor. This will make moving easier and make work safer.

If the house assumes a one-story structure, then the upper beams are mounted with a 30-centimeter extension beyond the walls of the frame. This is done to secure the rafters.

Fastening beams Source goroddomov.ru

Installation of the rafter system

An important stage in the construction of a frame house, as with any other technology, is the selection of the type and installation of the roof. Frame construction positioned as a quick construction site. Therefore, most often they choose a conventional gable design. If all construction standards are observed, the roof of a frame house can be constructed of any configuration and complexity, but this will require more time.

For good snow removal, the roof slope should be more than 28 degrees, but should not exceed 50 degrees - the wind load on such a roof increases several times.

Source goroddomov.ru

To construct the rafters, boards 20x5 cm 6 m long are taken. The first pair of rafters is assembled from two boards and installed on the edge of the frame. The same pair is installed on the opposite side. Cords are stretched between two pairs of rafters on both sides to control the plane of the roof. The rest of the rafters are set along them. The step between them varies from 60 to 80 cm depending on the choice of insulation. For strengthening, wooden crossbars with a cross-section of 20x5 cm are used. They fasten a pair of rafters like the letter “A”.

Video description

How to make rafter system frame house, shown in the video:

The nature of the lathing depends on the chosen roofing material. It could be soft tiles, corrugated sheets or metal tiles. The limitation will be the weight of the roofing material. For example, the use of clay or clinker tiles is not recommended - heavy weight will create additional stress on the frame of the house.

Photos of frame houses

Frame house with a balcony Source: vash-remontik.ru

Frame house with classic German external finishing Source lesstroy.net

Original frame house with a small roof slope Source all-companies.ru

Frame house with a veranda and a sloping roof Source kraust.ru

Factory-assembled two-story frame house Source mebel-go.ru

Construction of a frame house in winter period Source pinterest.ca

Frame house with a 4-slope combined roof Source cdd.su

Conclusion

A frame house is a technology that is only gaining popularity in domestic housing construction. Short construction times and cost savings are significant advantages over other construction methods. But the technology for building a frame house will require strict adherence to all technological processes and stages of construction, which will allow you to fully appreciate its merits.

Additionally

The exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country” expresses sincere gratitude to the specialists of the City of Houses company for their assistance in creating the material.

The City of Houses company has its own design department, quality assurance and the use of proven and profitable solutions in construction country houses and cottages.