Ceramic brick construction. Porous brick: characteristics, pros and cons, reviews. Porous ceramic block Features of ceramic building products
Ceramic bricks are made from fine clays... Impurities impart characteristic properties of the material... The product has high technical characteristics and aesthetic qualities. Red brick houses look expensive, emphasizing the status of the owner. The industry offers a variety of colors and textures. Different technologies are used for production, therefore, when buying, you need to pay attention to the properties of ceramic bricks. Also, when choosing, you need to take into account the purpose of the product.
Specifications
Ceramic brick is hollow material... This reduces the weight of the product, increases thermal conductivity and saves material. The location of the voids affects the strength of the brick. Horizontal technology not suitable for the construction of load-bearing walls, since the product will not withstand the large mass of the building structure.
To improve strength the porosity of the brick increases... Small straw, peat or sawdust are added to the dry mass. During firing, the additives burn out, leaving air pores.
Ceramic bricks are produced in the following formats:
- Single (250 * 120 * 65mm)
- One and a half (250 * 120 * 88mm)
- Double (250 * 120 * 140mm).
Standard classification according to the degree of strength and purpose:
- Class I - load-bearing walls.
- Class II - interior partitions, fences, ordinary buildings.
- III class - facing of buildings.
Refractory ceramic bricks are used for chimneys, stoves and fireplaces.
The advantages of ceramic bricks
- Simple assembly... The work can be done independently if you have basic construction skills. Laying a red product does not differ from installing a standard brick.
- Sustainability... Environmentally friendly materials are used for production. Clay does not emit toxic substances during operation. After years of use, the product does not change its properties.
- Long service life... With high-quality laying, ceramic bricks will last for several decades. Not even after 100 years overhaulif all technical regulations... It doesn't take much effort to leave. The product is resistant to mold and mildew. During manufacture, a special protective treatment is used.
- Strength... The material can withstand sudden temperature changes, harsh climatic conditions and mechanical stress. You can build houses even in the coldest regions. The product has high fire resistance. The building is protected from the spread of fire.
- Appearance... If the house is built of ceramic bricks, you don't need to use finishing materials. The masonry itself looks attractive and expensive. Used for production various materialsthat impart color, texture and properties.
- The size... Red brick has small dimensions, which allows building buildings with any configurations. You can create a unique style and design, come up with an architectural idea. Even for interior decoration, ceramic material can be used. There is a wide selection of ready-made buildings that are quickly being built. Also, you can think over an individual finish together with specialists.
- Thermal conductivity... Brick houses have always been popular for their good heat storage. The walls keep the temperature inside for a long time. It is not cold indoors in winter. During the summer, the building heats up slowly to keep it cool in hot weather. Ceramic material smoothes out sharp temperature drops and increased moisture. A comfortable microclimate remains inside the premises.
- Noise isolation. Interior walls and the red material partitions are thick enough to muffle indoor sounds. Residents will feel comfortable at home. Extraneous noise does not bother the person in the next room.
Disadvantages of red material
- The cost... If red brick is used to erect a building, you will have to spend a lot of money, since the material is more expensive than other products. You can find cheap counterparts, but they do not have high technical characteristicslike ceramics.
- Weight... The material is heavy. For two-story houses you will need a solid foundation that can withstand the mass of the entire structure.
- Construction time... Since the material is small in comparison with other products, the construction of the building takes more time. The result will be attractive and technological, but you will have to wait a long time until the work is finished. It is possible to hire more workers to make the construction go faster, but this is an additional cost.
- Material selection... The building will be of high quality if expensive and technological material is purchased. You need to find a trusted manufacturer that buyers constantly turn to. There are many unscrupulous people among the sellers who use cheap materials in the production of ceramic bricks. If there is no building knowledge, it is difficult to independently determine the quality of the product. Also, problems arise if construction Materials were purchased in several passes. It is difficult to find a firm and a shade that has been used previously. Even small differences are very noticeable.
- Water absorption... A ceramic product does not absorb and retain moisture well. For this reason, the material is not recommended for use in rooms with high humidity.
Is it worth building a house from ceramic bricks?
This universal material suitable for home construction and interior work. The building looks expensive and beautiful, even if the architectural solution involves a minimum of decorations.
If a person is willing to pay a lot of money, it is best to use a red product... It maintains the microclimate of the home well, serves for several years and is completely environmentally friendly. For areas with harsh climates, this material is the best solution.
When drawing up a project, it is necessary to come up with several architectural ideas in order to find the most economical option.
Other names: ceramic blocks or warm ceramic. It combines the positive qualities of brick and aerated concrete, therefore it is durable, lightweight, with excellent thermal insulation characteristics.
In the production of porous bricks, sawdust, polystyrene and special fillers are added to the clay, the particles of which burn out during firing, and as a result, a bubble structure is obtained. Due to this, the density reduced by 30% allows the production of bricks that are twice as large in volume as ordinary red bricks (250x120x138). There are also even more economical double porous bricks (used for multi-storey construction), square (for thickened walls) and thin (for internal walls).
Manufacturing technologies make ceramic blocks so strong that they withstand a load of 150 kg per cm 2, which is three times more than aerated concrete.
Those who have already appreciated the advantages of houses made of porous bricks note that they used not two-row masonry for the construction of walls, but in one row. The porous brick has a "groove" and "ridge", which by means of their connection system allow only horizontal joints to be made using mortar. Vertical seams appear only when installing door or window openings. Reducing the number of "cold bridges" and the cost of mortar for masonry increases thermal insulation characteristics walls. In addition, instead of fifteen red bricks, one porous is laid, which significantly reduces the construction time. The residents of Buryatia liked this characteristic very much, who were able to erect walls and piers without loss of quality in 1.5 weeks, which is very convenient in a short summer.
According to reviews, porous masonry of 2.5 bricks does not require additional insulation walls, as in the case of red or sand-lime brick... This is facilitated by a special solution or adhesive used for such masonry. Just do not forget about the reinforcing fiberglass mesh, which prevents this solution from flowing into the grooves of the block, and in the hot period also moisten the blocks with water.
The total weight of a house made of such material avoids laying a powerful foundation. A shallow or deep strip base is sufficient. In this case, one must not forget to correctly calculate the width of the tape, taking into account the thickness of possible finishing materials.
The durability, strength and fire resistance of porous bricks are not inferior to aerated concrete and ordinary bricks and three times more than that of wooden beam or frame. The ceramic block can withstand fire for 3-7 hours.
Controversial among the owners of houses made of porous bricks is the question of cost. The material itself is twice as expensive as, and almost three times more expensive than the timber. However, the savings on laying the foundation, facade finishing and insulation works fully compensate the invested amounts.
Porous bricks have also been tested in areas where a freeze and thaw cycle takes place several times a season, perfectly withstanding temperature extremes. Over time, mold does not appear on the walls, the micropores of the material "breathe" and a good microclimate is maintained in the room.
If, nevertheless, the owner of the building decides to perform outer cladding facade, then there are no restrictions on the use of finishing materials.
Our respondents agree that bricklayers must have the appropriate qualifications and experience in order to accurately fulfill the technological requirements for such a material.
Modern technologies and stages of building a brick house practically do not differ from the old ones: builders put the same even rows, layer by layer they erect walls. The shape has slightly changed, large-format blocks, a cellular structure, new materials have appeared. Manufacturers have improved processes, accelerated production, improved performance, but otherwise a modern building differs from a century-old building only in style. In the article, we will tell you about the stages of building a brick house from scratch to finished housing, we will dwell in more detail on the materials, features and technology of erecting stone buildings.
Stages of building a brick house
1. Site analysis
It is important to determine the characteristics of the territory, the influence of the landscape and conditions on the upcoming construction. Experts assess the relief, access roads, the distance to the nearest buildings, the presence and location of communications, land use features (security zones, the position of the red lines, the rules for building the site). The inspection results are analyzed and taken into account when developing the project.
2. Removal of the building spot
We take out the position of the future house on the ground. After accurately defining the boundaries, it becomes clear how to organize the construction, in which direction to turn the cottage.
3. Geological studies of soil in the building spot
Before the development of the KZh project (reinforced concrete structures), geological and geodetic studies are carried out. You cannot rely on outdated data, results on neighboring plots - GOOD WOOD always conducts research for a specific house. This is how you avoid trouble - stone house weighs a lot, so the foundation must be calculated as accurately as possible.Standard work list:
- we measure the site, enter information about the relief, the location of objects, neighboring buildings into the topographic plan;
- we investigate the geological structure of the soil, the depth of groundwater;
- we carry out test drilling to determine the characteristics of the soil, possible difficulties in the construction of the foundation.
4. Development of design documentation
Based on the results of geological research, the designer calculates the required type of foundation, then prepares the design documentation.
5. Construction of the foundation
For the construction of stone walls, a solid foundation is required - the foundation must withstand the weight of building stone, reinforced concrete floors, and roofing. Options for light timber structures will not work. Minimum requirement - a strip foundation with a sufficient base depth, but more often a grillage on piles or a classic slab is used.
In GOOD WOOD stone cottages, a reinforced concrete slab or grillage is arranged as a foundation on driven piles with prefabricated floor slabs, depending on the results of geology and geodesy, the recommendations of the designers for this type of soil and the relief of the site or the wishes of the customer.
The utility lines are laid before pouring a monolithic slab or laying a floor slab, when the foundation is pile-grillage. The foundation is accepted by technical supervision - the engineer comes three times, assesses the correctness of preparation, pouring, accepts hidden work.
FOUNDATION OF THE HOUSE: we do it without mistakes.
6. Construction of walls and ceilings
The blocks are laid strictly according to the project, taking into account the peculiarities of the technology. Waterproofing is laid under the first row - bituminous protection is 10 cm wider than the wall itself. Before installation, if necessary, level the foundation in order to start laying from a horizontal surface with a deviation of up to 20 mm to the tested area.
If finishing with a facade brick is planned in a house made of a ceramic block, a reinforcing mesh is laid.
For connection, use the appropriate masonry material - a mixture of Porotherm TM. The mixture is applied only on a horizontal surface - this reduces consumption by a third.
The wall also accepts GOOD WOOD technical supervision. Sometimes representatives of Wienerberger come to the object - they check the correctness of the work of construction companies with Porotherm blocks.
Wienerberger representative at the GOOD WOOD construction site
Any ceiling can be installed on stone walls - assemble lightweight construction on wooden beams, lay the finished reinforced concrete slabs, pour the precast monolithic structure. Weight limit - 70 tons per meter of wall.
7. Construction of the roof
Simultaneously with the installation of the roof pie, we install skylights, ventilation outlets, chimneys, and bring out communications.
In most serial projects, a conventional gable is used, for individual design, a single-slope or flat roof, multi-level construction with steps, changing the angle of inclination.
8. Installation of windows, doors
The work takes place simultaneously with the installation of the final roof covering. The side surfaces are laid using additional elements of the required width or fitting standard blocks. The rows above the opening are held in place with a solid or prefabricated lintel.
Jumper design options:
- Reinforced concrete. A heavy prefabricated reinforced concrete product used in most brick buildings.
- Ceramic concrete lintels Porotherm. The product is mounted, poured with concrete. After 2-3 rows are laid on the lintel, the upper part of the opening gains its final strength.
9. Exterior decoration
The type of facade design is planned at the stage of architectural design, so that nothing interferes with finishing. The architect needs to know in advance whether the house will be decorated with bricks, decorative plaster or hinged panels.
Finishing option combined houses
Finishing option for combined houses
Finishing option for combined houses
10. Laying of communications
Workers lay wires and pipelines in walls and ceilings, connect constant electricity, septic tank, water supply. If required, we equip a caisson in the well, mount a septic tank.
11. Decoration of walls, ceilings, floors
In GOOD WOOD you can order the development of interior design in any style - from classics to high-tech. We take into account the wishes of the owner, modern trends in design country houses, we choose high-quality materials, we follow the finishing technology. Simultaneously with the decoration of the premises, we install the final devices (electrical, plumbing, lighting). 
12. Blind area, drainage, finishing works
All stages of the construction of a brick house are carried out with the participation of technical supervision: the engineer is present at hidden work, performing critical stages. The customer, if desired, can also come and check if the builders are doing everything correctly.
The advantages of brick houses
GOOD WOOD uses Porotherm ceramics - products of Wienerberger AG, the largest brick and tile manufacturer in Europe. Porotherm is a modern rendition of "red" brick. Large-format fine-meshed porous blocks are made from clay, they retain the advantages of ceramic bricks and add several additional ones:
- High strength. It is possible to build load-bearing walls of multi-storey buildings with reinforced concrete floors from bricks. Porotherm limit is 10 floors.
- Environmental Safety. Brick is produced with a minimum of chemical additives. In the manufacture of Porotherm, clay and fine sawdust are used to form pores within the material.
- Ceramics tolerates freezing, moisture well, retains strength indefinitely. One of the advantages of building a brick house is the durability of the building. The service life of brick buildings is 100-150 years.
- Any architectural solutions are implemented. We build cottages with bay windows, balconies, complex roofing, terraces on the second floor.
- Construction is accelerating. One large-format block replaces up to 14 bricks, the assembly time is reduced, the construction time for a brick house is reduced.
- No insulation required. When using the Porotherm 38 Thermo, 44 \u200b\u200band 51 units, decorative finishing walls.
- Costs are reduced. The construction of the walls takes less adhesive solution (no mortar is applied to the side surfaces), the customer pays less to the bricklayers (construction is going faster), the installation of insulation is not needed, the material itself is cheaper.
Brick cottage projects
Serial
GOOD WOOD architects have developed convenient projects stone houses:
- . Simple construction: no stairs, "extra" rooms. The layout of one-story houses is universal - the classic layout of the rooms suits most customers.
SK-1 project
TK-2 project - ... There are two design options - with an attic floor or a cold attic and ceiling. In houses with an attic, windows can be installed in the roof, in cottages with a cold attic in all rooms - a flat ceiling of the same height.
- ... Made in chalet style.
Any ready-made drawing can be modified for yourself: add, remove or change balconies and terraces, adjust the layout, size and location of windows, height of rooms. For significant changes, you will have to recalculate the parameters, others (for example, mirroring, changing the ceiling height) are included in the drawings for free.
Individual
Bring your own sketches, tell the architect about your wishes for planning and design, what styles you prefer in architecture - a specialist will develop suitable project... The stages of building brick houses on an individual project include several stages of approval - it is important to make sure that the result does not disappoint the customer. We develop and build small cottages and huge estates, high-tech houses, modern classic, minimalism, chalet.
All built cottages have an official GOOD WOOD guarantee - 50 years.
How to order the construction of a brick house
Find a suitable serial or individual project in the catalog, make an appointment with the architect and technical supervision engineer at the site. Experts will draw up an approximate work plan, help you choose a place for construction, tell you how to quickly build a brick house and what is needed for this. Consultation on the site removes 100% of questions about the upcoming construction.
Porous bricks quickly gained popularity among builders and buyers due to their special properties. You can find a lot of positive feedback about this material, but many try to ignore the shortcomings.
Porous bricks are not ideal, but their distribution in Europe and Russia has nothing to do with some disadvantages. In most cases, they are subjective and based on the private opinions of users.
Building a house from porous bricks also has a number of features that should be considered, ranging from a well-designed project to the qualification level of builders. By contacting our specialists, you can quickly and efficiently conduct turnkey brick house construction . Years of experience the construction of cottages and private houses allows the InnovaStroy team to create structures of any complexity from the material you choose.
House of porous bricks: material properties
First of all, it is worth noting that the described material has a lot of positive qualities. "Porousness" means the presence of microscopic pores in the mass, which give blocks and bricks their unique properties. Let's consider them in order.
Strength
The most important indicator that is considered when choosing building materials. The special structure with internal voids makes it possible to take a sufficiently high pressure on either side of the brick - up to 150 kg / cm2. In this case, the internal pores serve as additional local foci that resist pressure on the material. Construction of a private house made of porous bricks - a guarantee of its service for over 100 years. This has been proven by numerous experiences and practice in Europe.
Sustainability
Porous brick blocks are made from clay and organic impurities. After firing at 1800 ° C, all fine fractions burn out and form the famous pores in the mass of the material. In addition to natural ingredients, nothing should be included in the block.
Insulation
Let's combine this term sound and heat insulation. Thanks to the internal voids and pores, brick blocks provide ideal protection. The resulting air barrier prevents the penetration of sound waves and reduces heat transfer by a factor of three compared to gas blocks. Construction of cottages from porous bricks in InnovaStroy is provided with minimal costs for additional external coating with heat insulators.
physical characteristics
There are several industry standard sizes for porous brick blocks. All of them are quite large and voluminous, they replace 15 standard bricks. This reduces the amount of building material when building walls and ceilings, and reduces transportation costs. With its dimensions, for example 250x120x128 mm, or 260x250x215 mm, it weighs in the region of 4-6 kilograms. They are easy to carry and mount. At the same time, the construction of the wall takes 2-2.5 times less time than when laying with ordinary bricks. Building a house made of porous bricks is facilitated by the fact that the side faces have zigzag keys that do not require cement mortar... They create an additional air barrier in the areas of greatest heat loss - at the seams.
Saving
Due to its low weight, the entire structure of the cottage is quite light. This means that such a house can be built on any soil and use lightweight foundations. It is enough that the width of the support is strip foundation was equal to the width of the bearing wall, and you can build a cottage. Also, significant savings are obtained on the solution. Porous brick blocks require only 2mm seams between rows. Considering that the seams themselves are 5 times less than with brickwork, the savings are tangible.
Construction of a private house made of porous bricks: disadvantages
All the disadvantages of this material are of a technical nature and can be easily leveled if order an individual house project from the professionals of our company and entrust them with the construction of the cottage. To assess the effectiveness of using porous bricks, the disadvantages also need to be voiced:
- Cost. The price for each block is quite high due to the peculiarities of production. All natural materials require financial additions. Although, if we combine all the points described above with savings, then the final estimate looks quite attractive. Of course, if it was compiled by our specialists who take care of your every ruble.
- Complexity of processing. Despite its positive properties, porous brick blocks have a certain level of fragility. That is, to cut off the floor of a block or create a curly cut, you need to use special equipment. If the construction will be carried out by our company, then this drawback can be ignored.
- Number of storeys. According to the company's practice, it should be noted that porous bricks are enough for the construction of a cottage in three floors. It will handle functions fine load-bearing structures... If a more serious building is required or your cottage must have a unique shape, then it is better to use a monolithic frame, and build walls and partitions inside the house from porous bricks. This is also a dubious drawback, but it seems to many to be very significant.
Does it make sense to build a house of porous bricks?
The answer may seem predictable, but all the advantages of the material described above confirm that there is a sense of construction, especially since a porous brick block has been popular in private construction abroad for many years. With its main disadvantage - the price, the material has so many advantages that it covers any disadvantages. With proper design and rational budgeting, you can achieve that the cost of the cottage will be very profitable.
Do not discount the fact that a well-built house made of porous bricks can last more than 100 years. It will be a reliable stronghold for your family, children, grandchildren and future generations.
Order the construction of a porous brick house now
The InnovaStroy company has vast experience in the construction of structures from porous brick blocks in any region of Russia. Competent design and use of the latest computer programs help to create technically correct documentation for the complete construction of your cottage. Engaging only qualified builders and reliable suppliers guarantees high quality construction. Taking into account all the wishes of the customer and positive characteristics material will provide an excellent result when building a cottage from environmentally friendly materials.
