Quick construction of a house. Prefabricated houses: types, prices, advantages and disadvantages. Work and building materials

The editors of RBC Real Estate decided to compare several common methods of constructing individual housing in a short time.

Photo: Depositphotos/photography33

The fastest and most inexpensive technologies for building houses are the following:

• block (houses made of cellular concrete: foam concrete, sibit, polystyrene concrete, gas silicate, expanded clay block, etc.);
• frame (which includes all types of frames: wood, laminated timber, metal, plastic, etc.);
• multi-layer sandwich-type enclosing structures;
• houses made of permanent formwork.

In this context, we will not consider one of the most popular materials for low-rise buildings today - brick.

Foam blocks

Photo: Depositphotos/sever180

Brick and stone low-rise housing construction in Russia is the undisputed leader, occupying about 60% of the market. The share of more economical wood is approximately 23%

The fastest way to build a house is if the preparatory - and the lion's - part of the work has already been completed somewhere. Most likely, this is a plant for the production of various building structures. However, one of the most popular materials for individual housing construction in a quick format - foam blocks - can not only be delivered ready-made, but also manufactured directly on the construction site using brick making machines. Masonry made of foam blocks with a thin seam makes it possible to obtain sufficient heat transfer resistance with a reasonable thickness of the structure. The material is durable - it does not burn, does not rust, does not rot, etc. Thanks to its almost ideal geometry and large dimensions, foam concrete ensures high construction speed. Depending on the complexity of the project, the construction time for the box ranges from two weeks, “turnkey” - up to three months.

Houses made from these materials are 10-15% cheaper than, for example, frame houses. Technologies are offered on the market that make it possible to achieve the cost of construction under the roof - 11-12 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m of total area of ​​the house, for self-finishing - from 20 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m depending on the configuration. Although if you look at the ratio of price - quality - time, then foam blocks are still a relatively long way, which has a number of disadvantages. One of the main ones is that due to the high hygroscopicity and tendency of foam concrete to get wet, the surface of walls made of foam blocks needs exceptionally good protection from influences external environment, which is not always possible to achieve. The difference between foam block, gas silicate, expanded clay, etc. is in some consumer properties Oh.

Characteristics of cellular concrete

Name	Volume. Weight Kg/m3	Strength Kg/cm2	Heat transfer Kcal/m*h*g	Impact moisture
Ash-gas concrete fireproof				Requires protection
Foam concrete fireproof				Requires protection
Aerated concrete fireproof				Requires protection
Polystyrene concrete Heating is prohibited				Requires protection
				Requires protection

Table: svoy-dom.com

Sandwich panels

This is the slogan of frame construction common in Europe and America. The most common technology for prefabricated frame house construction is the construction of houses from SIP panels (sandwich panels, SIP - Structural Insulated panel). This is a three-layer structure - two oriented cement-bonded, metal, magnesite or plywood boards and a layer of insulation between them (usually solid polystyrene or polyurethane foam injected under pressure). Sometimes houses are insulated mineral wool. The outside walls are lined facade plaster or covered with siding. The panels are mounted primarily on a wooden, and sometimes on a metal or composite frame. Houses with wooden frames in Russia are often called Canadian.

Main advantages frame houses - low cost construction, lightness of structures (no need to build a massive foundation), all-season use and ease of finishing - thanks to the perfectly smooth surfaces of the material, there are no “wet” processes during construction. Frame houses have low heat capacity of walls and ceilings - to create comfortable temperature It is enough to heat only the air in the room. Cottage made of SIP panels with an area of ​​100-300 sq. m is erected by a professional team in five to seven days, that is, a month and a half after the start of construction, you can already live in the house. Without skills, building longer is risky - any violation of technology leads to loss of consumer properties. The turnkey estimate is calculated based on terms of reference depending on the quantity and class of materials used (the economy option will cost approximately 16-17 thousand per 1 sq. m).

At the same time, some materials used in sandwich construction may be unsafe for humans. Sometimes during the production of insulation, as well as in particle boards phenol-formaldehyde resins are used as a binder, which causes the emission of this harmful substance into the air of a living space. Cotton wool is also a source of carcinogenic dust. If we are talking about wooden structures, then a lot depends on their quality.

Lightweight steel thin-walled structures

To some extent, a competitor to the wooden frame in the individual housing construction market are light steel thin-walled structures (LSTC) made of galvanized steel. The technology has been successfully used abroad for decades. The practice is not very common in our country. Nevertheless, a certain stable demand for metal frames has already developed. LSTK are used both as independent load-bearing structures in low-rise buildings, and in the form of elements of roofing systems and wall half-timbering.

Light steel thermal profiles serve as the basis for thermal panels. They are made of high-strength structural steel with a thickness of 0.8 to 2 mm. Corrosion resistance is achieved using galvanizing with a coating thickness of 18 to 40 microns inclusive, due to which the service life of the material, according to experts, increases to one hundred years. Metal constructions, unlike wooden ones, are not subject to shrinkage, which allows you to almost immediately order windows and doors, carry out finishing work and, therefore, reduce construction time. Strength steel structures makes it possible to make wider openings between load-bearing elements and to use any roofing and facing materials. The total cost of a house made of LSTK with an area of ​​about 110 sq. m - a little more than 2 million rubles.

Foam glass

Photo: Depositphotos/Jeanette.Dietl

Russian construction scientists have recently developed new technology production of high-prefabricated house kits for low-rise construction. The basis of the technology is a material unique to world practice - an analogue of foam glass - thermogran. It turns out that the wall is practically a single-layer panel of homogeneous material with a ready-made outer surface for wallpapering. The wall is only 250 mm thick. Heating is provided in the floors. Overlapping, enclosing and roofing structures made of this material allow the house to have a relatively light weight. Accordingly, foundations do not require capital expenditures. The houses are planned to be “planted” on a slab or on screw piles. Installation time is up to ten days. Estimated selling price for a two-story house with an area of ​​180 sq. m will be approximately 20 thousand per 1 sq. m. m.

Experimental houses were previously built on a metal frame. However, now manufacturers have switched to glass-magnesia frames.

Modular houses

Of course, not all fast technologies for low-rise construction are described above. Yes, and they have many different derivatives. There are unique new developments. However, the fastest way to build a house is to buy a modular option. Installation time is one to two days. The cost of construction, in particular from one of the Chinese companies building low-rise housing in Yakutia today, is around 15 thousand rubles. for 1 sq. m.

By the way Comparative analysis of “ideal” walls Brick wall: plaster - 5 mm; brickwork - 250 mm; insulation with mineral wool - 100 mm; air gap - 20 mm; facing the facade with brick -120 mm. Foam block wall: plaster - 5 mm; foam block - 200 mm; mineral wool insulation - 100 mm; air gap - 20 mm; facing the facade with brick - 120 mm. Wall made of laminated veneer lumber: cladding with inside GKL + GVL - 25 mm; frame for sheathing - 27 mm; beam - 150 mm; mineral wool insulation - 100 mm; gap - 20 mm; facing the facade with brick - 120 mm. Wooden frame: cladding on the inside with gypsum plasterboard + gypsum fiber board - 25 mm; wooden frame filled with mineral wool -150 mm; lathing - 44 mm; fiber cement panels for brick -15 mm. LSTK: cladding on the inside with gypsum plasterboard + gypsum fiber board - 25 mm; steel frame filled with mineral wool -150 mm; lathing - 44 mm; fiber cement panels for brick -15 mm.

Quick build houses, a German invention, are now highly popular throughout the world as an alternative to traditional construction. And the point here is not only the speed of construction of such housing (5-8 weeks), but also the significantly lower costs compared to the construction of a “classic” cottage.

There are several types of prefabricated houses, differing in construction technology, cost and living conditions. Now we will look at the main types of these houses and compare their prices, based on the total area of ​​the cottage of 120 square meters. m, as well as installation of windows and roof.

Frame technology for the construction of “fast” family cottages widespread in Europe, USA and Japan. It allows you to build two types of buildings - the so-called "Canadian" And panel frame houses.

The construction of “Canadian” houses (or simply “Canadians”, as they are called in our country) begins with the collection of a durable frame from wooden beam. Then the finished frame is sheathed on both sides: with OSB board on the outside and plasterboard on the inside. The resulting inner space the walls are filled with insulation - foam plastic or basalt wool. This insulation allows you to obtain thermal insulation similar to the properties of a two-meter brick wall. The necessary communications are also laid there, within the walls.

Panel-frame houses are assembled from ready-made factory wall panels consisting of OSB boards (internal and external). Such slabs are already equipped with an internal insulating layer, as well as film moisture and vapor protection.

On factory production"boxes" for panel- frame house in 120 sq. m takes 2-3 weeks. Up to four weeks are spent pouring the foundation, which can be started at the same time. The actual installation of the structures will take about 1-2 weeks. That is, in total The construction of such a cottage will require no more than 6 weeks- this is approximately half of the construction time for a traditional “box” brick house. Of course, it will take some time to insulate and finalize the walls with plasterboard or plaster.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. An undoubted advantage of frame cottages is not only the record speed of their construction, but also their relatively low cost. The cost of a house with a total area of ​​120 sq. m will be from $25 thousand. The benefit is obvious, especially if you compare the already mentioned “ brick version", 1 sq. m which will cost approximately $400, and the whole house, respectively, will cost $48 thousand. And this does not take into account the costs of insulation and final finishing of the walls! Also, the advantages of a frame house include its property of not shrinking, thanks to which finishing can begin immediately after installation. These houses retain heat well and can also withstand significant dynamic loads, including earthquakes up to magnitude 9.

The disadvantages include the not very good sound insulation of the house and its tightness, due to which care should be taken to have a proper ventilation system.

OWNER'S ADVICE. Alexander, the “Canadian” owner of the house, is quite satisfied with the comfort of life in his home. However, he notes that Hanging anything on the walls here is only possible in places specially provided for this, according to the rules of house operation, and do not drive nails anywhere into plasterboard walls - they are not intended for this.

As building material tree in Lately has become very popular again. For the construction of log houses, wood is used in the form of logs (solid or rounded) and timber (chopped or glued).

DATES AND PRICES A log for building a cottage with an area of ​​120 “squares” is prepared within about 3 weeks - the same amount of time will be required for pouring and “standing” the foundation, so these processes can be combined. Assembling the “box” of the house and installing the roof will take 3-4 weeks. Total “everything about everything” from the future owner wooden house will leave 6-7 weeks. As for the price of such a house, a “box” made of simple timber will cost approximately $300 per 1 sq. m. m (about $36 thousand for a house with an area of ​​120 sq. m). Accordingly, a house made of laminated veneer lumber will cost $48-54 thousand, with a price per square meter of $400-450.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. Low thermal conductivity wooden houses, of course, can be attributed to their main advantages. A log wall 20 centimeters thick serves as the same reliable protection from the cold, like a meter-long brick. Houses made of simple timber retain heat especially well. Cobblestone walls, unlike brick ones, are able to withstand an almost unlimited number of cycles of external temperature changes from “plus” to “minus” and back. In addition, wood “breathes”, due to which vapors are removed and outside air is filtered - these properties allow you to maintain an optimal microclimate inside the house. Wooden log houses are distinguished by the speed of assembly - especially houses made of laminated veneer lumber. The aesthetic component is also obvious - beautiful wooden houses do without final finishing walls (for example, cottages made of rounded logs).

One of the main disadvantages of wood as a building material is its flammability and tendency to significant shrinkage (up to 10%). The shrinkage process can take 1-1.5 years, and for rounded logs even more - from 2 to 3 years. Therefore, if the owners of a wooden house are still going to carry out finishing work, they will have to postpone finishing until the shrinkage is completed. Another disadvantage of wooden log houses is the possible appearance of gaps between beams or logs (especially in cases where the house was erected by not particularly qualified builders). The appearance of cracks and gaps in the future may lead to cracks in the logs. Let us note that these disadvantages do not apply to houses made of laminated veneer lumber, but another misfortune may await you here: laminated veneer lumber has a tendency to rot and be eaten by insects. To avoid these troubles, you need to treat the walls with special substances every 3-5 years or cover them with bioprotective paint (the cost of these safety measures can reach up to 20 thousand UAH).

OWNER'S ADVICE. Natalya, a resident of a house made of chopped timber, shares her impressions of the winter she experienced there. According to her, the heat inside the house was retained perfectly, but at the same time the heating system operated at maximum power, which led to severe drying of the air. Then Natalia was advised to additionally humidify the air in the house, since dry air is a common problem in wooden houses that do not have stove heating.

The technology for constructing modular houses is one of the most modern trends in low-rise construction. Such houses can consist of just one module, or a certain number of them. The module itself is part finished house, as if cut out of it by analogy with a slice of cake. That is, such a structure consists of a base, walls and ceiling, being a full-fledged fragment of a residential building. Modules are manufactured fully equipped: they contain engineering structures, have internal and external finishing, and are equipped with doors and windows. Moreover, there are modules with plumbing fixtures and furniture already installed inside.

The module is manufactured entirely in the factory, and construction site They are already being assembled on a finished foundation. Modular construction can be used for most house projects common in our country - this technology has a minimum of restrictions regarding architectural diversity.

The dimensions of the modules may vary from company to company, in accordance with the technological equipment of production: 4.5x12 m, 3x12 m, 3x8 m. Sometimes base panels, ceilings and Wall panels are made from cold-formed rolled steel profiles and are sheathed on the outside with a profiled sheet with a polymer coating. For other manufacturers, the basis of the structure is wooden beams, which are then sheathed with OSB boards, similar to frame houses. In both of these cases, the walls of the structure are insulated like “Canadian” houses.

DEADLINE AND PRICE. Modules required to build a house with an area of ​​120 square meters. m, will be manufactured at the factory in 2-4 weeks - preparation of the foundation will also take place at the same time. A house from one common module can be assembled within 40 minutes (!). If the building consists of several modules, then its installation will take from 1 to 7 days. Total - maximum 5 weeks. And the price starts from $220 per 1 sq. m (from $26.4 thousand for a 120-meter modular cottage) and depends on the contents of the house and its interior decoration.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. A very convenient difference between modular houses is that virtually the entire process of their construction is carried out at the factory, and only the installation of finished structures takes place “on site”. This technology makes it possible to reduce production time and has a beneficial effect on the cost of a modular house compared to other low-rise construction technologies. As disadvantages, we can note some restrictions that apply to the height of the house - it should not exceed 2 floors. Problematic aspects also include mandatory presence access roads for delivery of modules to the customer’s site, as well as sufficient space for special equipment.

In our country, modular construction technology is not yet very popular, so we were unable to find a resident of such a house to share his experience.

Foam and gas blocks are blocks made of hardened concrete foam - a lightweight porous building material, its hardness reminiscent of wood, which makes it easy to process with a cutting tool.

DEADLINE AND PRICE. The construction period is reduced due to the fact that aerated concrete blocks Despite their large dimensions, they are relatively light in weight. This property of foam and gas blocks allows you to build a “box” of a house of 120 square meters. m on average for 8 weeks. The price of such a “box” together with the roof and foundation will be about $250-300 per 1 sq. m. m ($30-36 thousand for the whole house).

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. Houses made of foam and aerated concrete retain heat well. Heating a 120-meter cottage will cost 3-4 times less than for a brick house of the same area. In terms of environmental friendliness, foam concrete is second only to wood. It’s also very easy to drive nails into cellular foam concrete walls for installing hanging shelves. The absolute disadvantage of aerated concrete is its high hygroscopicity. Considering this property of aerated concrete blocks, it is necessary to protect the walls from precipitation. One more thing " weakness"- the strength of the material is lower than that of brick or ordinary concrete.

OWNER'S ADVICE. One of the owners foam concrete house on the Internet he warns that in such a house you should be careful with the walls because of their fragility, and tells how he himself accidentally broke off a piece of the wall with a hammer.

The walls of thermal houses are mounted from hollow thermoblocks made of polystyrene foam, which act as permanent formwork. These blocks are then filled with concrete, forming a monolithic wall 150 mm thick. The wall is insulated from the inside and outside with polystyrene foam boards 50 mm thick. The dimensions of the thermoblock are 100x25x25 cm. The design of such blocks resembles LEGO parts, so they can be connected to each other quickly and accurately.

DEADLINE AND PRICE. Construction of a thermal house with an area of ​​120 square meters. m lasts maximum 8 weeks, including preparing the foundation, erecting walls and installing the roof. Every square meter costs about $300-350, taking into account the cost of the foundation and roof. That is, the whole cottage will cost from $36 to $42 thousand.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. A positive aspect in the construction of a thermal house is the rapid construction of its walls, without the use of lifting mechanisms. The installation of walls does not require the services of a qualified mason - the main thing is that the worker knows how to prepare concrete and use a level. That is, most men can build such a house on their own. Another plus is the low cost of heating a thermal house (compared to a brick building, heating here will cost 2-3 times less). By the way, you don’t have to heat the thermohouse at all until the external air temperature drops to 0-5 o C. Walls made of thermoblocks good quality turn out absolutely smooth, which allows you to start finishing works without additional leveling of wall surfaces.

The disadvantage of thermal houses is the weak vapor permeability of their walls, as a result of which the humidity inside the room increases. It should also be remembered that polystyrene foam has low resistance to various mechanical damage.

OWNER'S ADVICE. The owner of a house made of thermoblocks shared his experience on one of the thematic forums. He advises not to skimp on the ventilation system, since in winter the air conditioner cannot cope with the already mentioned high humidity indoors. The owner of the thermal house also notes that if you need to hang a shelf on the wall, you will have to punch a whole tunnel in the concrete, since it is impossible to simply attach it to polystyrene foam.

Without the financial resources to hire professional builders, you can, armed with special literature and patience, build a house yourself. In practice, this requires effort, but can save up to half the construction cost.

Many self-builders invite others to view their projects and provide detailed reports, accompanying the process of building a house with detailed photographs.

Features of the house layout

Through the efforts of two men, a cheap house was built for permanent residence with attached garage. Initially, the project did not include a garage and was added after the house was completed.

In general, the project changed as the discussion progressed on the advice of other builders and the requests of the wife. The original layout of the house included 6 rooms on two floors.

During construction, it was decided to equip two bathrooms, while on the ground floor the toilet and bathtub should be separate. The area of ​​the living room and the location of the stairs have also changed. Compared to the initial project, the living room was too narrow and elongated. The stairs were also planned to be awkward and steep. After the changes, these shortcomings were eliminated.

The cost of building a house with your own hands

In May 2010, the father of a small family planned to build a cheap house with his own hands for the amount of 300 thousand rubles. This amount included costs not only for materials, but also for connecting gas and electricity. According to the estimate, the following expenses were incurred:

1. Concrete - 20,700.
2. Edged and unedged timber - 70,000.
3. Foam plastic - 31,200.
4. Plywood - 8023.
5. Metal profile - 16,200.
6. Siding - 22,052.
7. Used windows - 4000.
8. Nails, screws, etc. - 15,000.
9. Delivery of material and excavator services - 5200.
10. Septic tank - 10,000.
11. Plumbing, radiators - 35,660.
12. GKL and finishing costs - 21280.
13. Design and installation of a gas pipeline, connection fee - 37,000.
14. Gas equipment (stove, boiler) - 29,000.
15. Electrical connection with materials - 3000.
16. Water supply connection - 2000.

According to the builder himself, the estimate lacks a number of small items. However, this also requires additional costs. It should also be noted that some of the windows were received from friends and did not require financial expenses. In total, 327,315 rubles were spent on the construction of the house without any small details. This amount does not include attached garage. It was added later according to a separate estimate. Additionally, the construction of the garage required an amount of about 34,000 rubles. Taking into account unspecified expenses, the house cost no more than 400 thousand rubles.

Installation of a shallow strip foundation

The foundation is pre-planned with a width of 35 cm and a height above the ground of 25 cm and 20 cm below the ground. A die-cut section of 2.5x100 mm was chosen as a reinforcing element. The reinforcement of the tape was planned in 2 layers, top and bottom, with three connected sheets of die-cutting in each.

On the advice of experienced builders, vertical elements were added, and the number of sheets to be connected was increased to 5 pieces. Additionally, the height of the foundation above the ground increased and amounted to 45 cm.

reinforcement with die-cutting - you can’t do that!

After the foundation was poured into concrete, 20 anchor bolts were installed to install the lower frame.

Construction of the first floor

Before installing the walls of the first floor, the platform was installed and insulated and pipes for the sewerage system were laid. The bottom of the platform is left open, the insulation is fixed by means of fixed cuttings of boards. 3 layers of foam plastic, 15 cm thick, were used as platform insulation. The subfloor is made of 150x50 mm boards.

The walls were installed in a horizontal position. Foam plastic and 8 mm plywood protection are laid between the racks, and windows are also installed. The windows in the project were used. Installation of the assembled wall into a vertical position was carried out by two men. It was decided to abandon the installation of jibs in the construction of the walls. The builder assumed that the frame would be sufficiently rigid due to the plywood sheathing.

After assembling the walls of the first floor, the installation of internal partitions was carried out. Polystyrene foam was also used as insulation.

The principle of assembling the second floor

After installation of the harness, a temporary floor was partially laid from edged boards and horizontal assembly of the walls and their vertical installation. Second-floor windows were also used.

To increase sound insulation in the interfloor ceiling, non-woven cloth was laid on the floor joists under the boards. This allows you to partially dampen vibration from steps.

Installation of rafters and roofing

Upon completion of the assembly of the walls of the attic floor, the rafter system was installed. The rafter overhangs were not extended. An inch board was used as lathing. The roof was covered with corrugated sheets 4 m long.

Exterior decoration of the building

Siding was used for the exterior of the building. It was mounted with a ventilation gap of 25 mm. Also at the stage exterior finishing The vestibule has been added. The foundation for the vestibule was not installed; the structure was installed on pieces of concrete laid on the ground and sidewalk curbs.

Features of the staircase and its installation

The location of the staircase in the project caused a lot of controversy. Initially, its location suggested excessive emphasis on the attic ceiling. After changing the location and design of the staircase, it was made without a platform with slight turns.

The staircase is made of boards 50x150 mm, the width of the steps is 30 cm. The staircase was installed after the rough finishing of the first floor. Under the upper span there is space left for installing a toilet there. According to personal feelings, the staircase turned out to be comfortable and compact.

Interior decoration of the house

Before finishing the premises, insulation was carried out interfloor covering and second floor flooring. To increase the level of sound insulation, felt is nailed between the joists and floor boards. After this, rough finishing of the interior of both floors of the cheap house was completed.

The rough finishing included three points:

1. Installation of fiberboard as a wind barrier.
2. GVL installation.
3. Puttying joints and chips of GVL.

IN finishing Predominantly, water-based dyeing was used. The living room, kitchen and bedrooms are painted in different colors. The floors in the rooms are covered with linoleum, the ceilings are decorated with expanded polystyrene tiles.

When starting to build your own home, you want to choose the most cheap material for building a house - in order to maximize savings. But the pursuit of low prices for building materials can result in both expensive maintenance in the future and an increase in the cost of construction as a whole. How to build a cheap house?

What determines the cost of a house?

The final price tag for construction depends on several factors. Materials play an important, but not the only, role here. So, the construction estimate will include:

If you do a monolithic fill, you will need a large number of wood for formwork. And working alone on weekends, construction is delayed indefinitely, which is also not always economically profitable.

Are the cheapest materials for building a house made by yourself?

There is an opinion that materials made with my own hands, will be much cheaper than those purchased from the manufacturer. Of course, there are recipes for different brands of concrete; you can build your own walls from straw or even fill the frame with sawdust.

This is economically justified in the following cases:

• the presence of free assistants - it is difficult to stir, fill and press alone, which can lead to poorly performed work;
• no need to travel to work five days a week - otherwise construction will often have to be postponed due to weather conditions;
• opportunities to obtain equipment and raw materials for building materials at very low prices - delivery of sawdust from another region will not be cheap.

So, the cheapest construction options:

1. Straw walls with clay coating. They have good thermal insulation, but require repairs due to rodents that live in the thickness of the wall.



2. Abrolite or sawdust concrete. You can make it yourself or purchase ready-made blocks. In the first case, you will have to wait a long time for the sawdust concrete to dry; in the second, you will have to build walls as quickly as possible and make external finishing, since wood concrete is hygroscopic.



3. Clay burr or cordwood. Dry logs and logs, cleared of bark, are used. Lay across the wall on clay mortar. The ends of the wood must be impregnated with antiseptics or fired, otherwise they will strongly absorb moisture.



4. Backfilling with sawdust or expanded clay. To do this, it is done on the frame permanent formwork from edged boards into which insulation is poured.

The appearance of a house made from these materials is rather unsightly. And if it’s quite easy to beat up straw walls or peeking out logs, you’ll also have to make a screed on top of the wood concrete. Another significant disadvantage homemade materials- they are not strong enough. But this is a problem with all frame houses. To hang shelves or install kitchen set, it is necessary to provide for embedded boards at the construction stage.

Economical building materials - what are they?

If according to common sense from self-production It was decided to refuse; it was worth taking a closer look at the prices on the market. What is the cheapest building material? Paradoxically, almost any:

• wood - can be purchased extremely cheaply in the forest belt, but in the steppe zone it is expensive;
• brick – when building next to a brick factory, you will be able to buy red brick at manufacturer prices;
• aerated concrete and foam concrete are lightweight and relatively easy-to-construct materials that have good thermal insulation;
• frame construction is the most budget option, suitable for any climate, but requires the organization of forced ventilation.

Not every carpenter can assemble a log house with high quality, so you will also have to take into account the cost of the builders’ work. The same applies to a brick house - the distortion of the masonry will result in large-scale alignment of the walls.

So when choosing materials, you need to take into account the cost of working with them. For example, aerated concrete is laid with a special glue, due to which the gaps between the blocks are minimal.

This allows you to save on finishing costs, but requires careful attention from builders. Foam concrete does not differ in the quality of its geometry - the blocks can be skewed and differ in size. It is unpleasant to work with such material; it is difficult to level the walls.

As a result, the cost of work is higher.

How to save money globally on construction?

It is not building materials alone that can reduce the cost of building your own home. To save as much as possible, you need to:

1. Think over a plan for the future building. The simpler the layout, the cheaper it is to equip it. You shouldn’t place bathrooms at different ends of the building - laying pipes will cost a pretty penny. Placing the kitchen next to the bathroom will also save on pipes. The even geometry of the walls, the absence of non-functional niches and differences in floor heights, although they look simple, do not require extra costs. Together this will give up to 20% savings on the total cost.



2. Refuse architectural excesses. Balconies, terraces and a multi-level roof can increase the value of a home by 10-15%. It is much more rational in the future to build a small gazebo or add an open terrace.



3. Use building materials produced in your region, abandoning popular and advertised ones. This will not only allow you to buy them cheaper, but also not overpay for delivery. Thus, houses made of shell rock in the Altai Territory are among the most budget-friendly, but Moscow cannot boast of a low price for this material.



4. Make it as easy as possible rafter system using the lungs roofing materials. Then, instead of a 10x10 cm beam, it will be possible to use a 5x10 cm board laid on the end, without reducing the pitch of the rafters.



5. Refuse basement. Activities for pouring, waterproofing and rough finishing of the basement will add another 20% of the cost to the estimate.

Selection of building materials

If the building materials market offers several types to choose from, that’s great. Indeed, in this case, you can compare all the advantages and disadvantages and purchase materials that combine low price and good quality.

General characteristics to look for:

• durability - if the house lasts for a maximum of 10 years, savings on materials are quite doubtful;
• simplicity and accessibility of installation - the need to use heavy equipment at a construction site can negate all savings;
• environmental friendliness - maintaining natural humidity in the house is achieved through “breathable” materials, otherwise you will have to take care of forced ventilation;
• heat capacity and thermal insulation are two parameters responsible for future efficiency, because the house should not only be cheap during construction, but also during operation.

Having considered the most popular building materials, you can choose the most suitable option for yourself.

Wooden houses

Houses made of timber are considered the most environmentally friendly and one of the best in maintaining optimal microclimate. Wooden construction has advantages:

But this structure also has disadvantages. Thus, the quality of literally every log is very important - an undried tree will begin to twist, longitudinal cracks may appear, the ends must be “sealed” with an ax to prevent the tree from becoming waterlogged due to precipitation. If you deviate from the classical processing of logs in favor of using modern antiseptic and fire retardant solutions, the house ceases to be environmentally friendly.

Ready-made kits are expensive, but only professionals can assemble an inexpensive log house from round timber. After all, you will have to adjust each log! In addition, in regions with cold winters, the thickness of the walls of a wooden hut should be at least 50 cm to ensure minimal heat loss in heating season. Finding logs of this diameter will also cost a pretty penny.

To allow the house to “breathe”, it cannot be insulated with polystyrene foam, only with vapor-permeable mineral wool. And to prevent the insulation from getting wet, be sure to install a ventilated façade. There are also certain restrictions for interior decoration - it is better to use modern vapor-permeable membranes if you plan to cover the house with plasterboard or clapboard.

But the log house is beautiful in its original form. To get a cozy and draft-free home, you need to regularly check and caulk cracks in the walls. Particular attention is paid to the system of corner locks - a simple cut into half a tree will not provide the necessary insulation and will lead to the formation of cold spots.

Brick houses

Brick has excellent heat capacity. This means that when heating is started, the house will warm up for a long time, but then cool down for just as long. For permanent residence - an excellent option. But for country house visited on the weekend, this will be a waste of money on heating. After all, by the time the house warms up, you need to go back to the city.

For one-story buildings, walls of 1.5 bricks will be sufficient. But this wall thickness is completely unsuitable for winters, where the temperature drops to -20 degrees.

In order not to increase the cost of brickwork, the house will have to be insulated from the outside. What’s especially nice when building brick buildings is that you can use any insulation! Thus, by choosing foam plastic with a thickness of only 5 cm, you can reduce heat loss at home from 125 kWh per square meter to 53 kWh per heating season. In other words, you can cut your heating costs in half.

The disadvantages of brick houses include:

• large weight of the structure - you will need a buried strip foundation, which will significantly increase the cost of construction;
• duration of construction - a team of five people can lift the frame of a house in three weeks, subject to continuous work, but working alone increases the time significantly;
• finishing work - if you can live in the log house immediately after construction, brick house requires mandatory screeding of walls and floors followed by finishing.

Houses made of aerated block or foam block

These buildings have all the advantages and disadvantages of brick houses. At the same time, they have their own characteristics:

At the same time, the price for cubic meter brick and gas block are almost the same. And given the need for insulation on the facade, the advantages of aerated concrete over ceramic bricks quite ghostly. But due to the large size of the blocks, building a house is quite simple, which determines the low cost of the work.

Frame houses

For those who are really strapped for money, frame construction is a real salvation. A house on a wooden frame with mineral insulation is several times cheaper than all previous options. And that's why:

But, despite the obvious advantages of frame construction, preference is still given brickwork. All because of no less significant shortcomings:

On the other hand, by approaching the construction of a frame house wisely and without skimping on building materials, you can get a good and reliable structure that will last for decades. And in the future, it will be just as easy to dismantle the frame and put a solid brick house in its place.

You can build a small and cozy house in a few months, and this video confirms this:

Living in your own home has many more advantages than even the most luxurious apartment. A private house– a place where you are free to do whatever you want. Here you will not be disturbed by noisy neighbors who want to do repairs early in the morning or late at night. Here you do not run the risk of being flooded or experiencing the inconvenience that apartment residents face. Many people are accustomed to believing that buying a plot of land, much less building a house on it, costs fabulous money. However, with the development modern technologies in construction, the cheapest technology for building a house has become several times more accessible. Now we will look at the main question: where to start, and most importantly, what to build the cheapest house from?

Preparatory stage

The first point that needs to be determined initially is the functionality of the house. What is it for?

If this is a country cottage for seasonal living, then only materials are needed,

if this is a full-fledged home for permanent residence, then completely different.

To decide what kind of house will be, you should thoroughly study the climate and weather conditions of the region where construction is planned. After all, the choice of building materials directly depends on the temperature conditions throughout the year. For regular living, a house must be constantly heated during the cold season, which entails certain financial costs. Therefore, when choosing a material for a building, you should be guided by thermophysical properties: thermal conductivity and heat capacity, as well as shrinkage.

Each climatic region has its own temperature regime, wind speed and protection class based on the level of thermal insulation properties. Therefore, when choosing a material and calculating the thickness of the walls, you need to be guided by two main parameters: the coefficient of thermal resistance and thermal conductivity.

For each region, its own specially calculated thermal resistance index of the CTS is used. In order to obtain clarity about the upcoming heating costs, it is necessary to calculate the CTC of the future design. To do this, the width (δ) of the wall is divided by the thermal conductivity coefficient (λ), which is indicated in technical specifications building material R = δ / λ. The calculated value of heat transfer resistance must correspond to the standard value.

As an example, consider the use of cellular concrete, which has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.12 W/m* ºС. Let's take a block 0.3 meters thick and calculate: R = 0.3/ 0.12 = 2.5 W/m2 * ºС. This figure is below the norm and is only suitable for construction in the southern regions of Russia. A block 0.4 meters wide gives a heat transfer resistance of 0.4/0.12 = 3.3 W/m2 * ºС, which is slightly higher than the standard value and can be used in the construction of buildings in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The calculation is relevant only when laying blocks on glue.

The wall thickness corresponding to the best generally accepted standards in terms of energy efficiency can be determined using the same formula, where it will be equal to the product of the heat transfer resistance value and the thermal conductivity coefficient δ = λ x R.

It follows from this that in order to obtain the standard value of resistance λ = 3.2, the thickness of a wall made of solid coniferous wood (pine, spruce) will be equal to 0.18 x 3.2 = 0.576 m, of brick 0.81 x 3.2 = 2.592 m, and from concrete 2.04 x 3.2 = 6.528 m. At the same time, mineral wool insulation with a thickness of 140-150 mm corresponds to the standard: 0.045 x 3.2 = 0.14 m.

Therefore, when choosing a material and determining the thickness of the structure, heat transfer resistance and thermal conductivity should be taken into account.

Coefficient of thermal conductivity,

specific heat

and change linear dimensions different for each material.

In addition, when choosing materials for building an inexpensive house, you need to study the market for building materials typical for a given region. Delivery of materials, as a rule, takes up a significant share of their cost.

Now you need to decide on the size of your future home. For example, do you want to build cottage inexpensive or the house will have more floors. What will be the area of ​​the house in relation to the area of ​​your plot?
You can calculate the area of ​​your plot online.

Windows of standard sizes;

Practical layout without frills;

Simple roof;

Available building materials;

Flat small fireplace;

One should also take into account important nuance, if you have small area, then you can choose a simple project of a two-story house. This solution will be much cheaper than building a large one-story house.

The cost of a future home is determined by three components, on each of which you can save:

• the architectural layout is compact, maximum functionality and comfort and allows you to achieve 20% savings;
• simple constructive solution must be rational and not contain any architectural frills will provide another 10% savings;
• modern materials make it possible to use the latest technologies in construction, allowing you to do the work yourself or with the involvement of a minimum amount of outside labor, which guarantees up to 40% savings in the final result.

The optimal solution for a family of 2-3 people is housing consisting of three rooms with a total area of ​​approximately 50 m2. A suitable option would be a 6x9 house, including: two bedrooms, a living room in the form of a studio with a kitchen, a combined bathroom and toilet and a small hallway.
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Layout: maximum functionality and comfort

The main principle of space planning is to extract maximum benefit from every square meter of space. In our case, this is the ratio of total and usable space. This house, consisting of three rooms with a total area of ​​54 m2, will fully satisfy your needs for modern housing. Moreover, the ratio of total and usable area (52 m2) is 96.3%.

But over time, you will want to increase its area. This structure is most suitable for transformation. It can be expanded in width and height.

Second option

Important! The construction of the second floor must be thought out in advance in order to lay the appropriate foundation.

Third option, first floor

Third option, second floor

Exterior view of the house, economy option

Exterior of the house after expansion

The key to savings: simplicity of design

Designs should also be approached as simply as possible, without additional frills. When building economically, there are a number of points that need to be taken into account:

• The selected house width of 6 m will allow you to install floor slabs without difficulty. The standard size will not require the construction of an additional load-bearing wall.
• Combining the dining room, kitchen and living room into a modern living room, according to European standards, will save on the absence of walls and doors.
• A sufficient width of the walls will be 30 cm, and heat resistance can be achieved due to the thickness of the layer of thermal insulation material when cladding the house. In this case, the width of the base is reduced to 25 cm.
• It is advisable to make the walls in the house from plasterboard; they do not require a foundation and are easy to install.
• The roof is made gable, without unnecessary frills - this is the most cost-effective design.

Building a cheap house with your own hands is the most economical option

Approximately half of the construction costs are fees for performing the work. When building a cheap house, it is more advisable to do the maximum amount of work with your own hands, without the involvement of hired workers.

Why do you need to purchase only modern material? Its installation technologies are designed for the average person, so construction will not require professional skills from you and will provide an opportunity to save money. One assistant can be recruited as labor. If you do not have free time to build a house with your own hands, hire a team of two people with appropriate qualifications, retaining control over the work.

Another option is to build according to standard designs. Here you do not need to participate in construction; it is enough to accept the finished house into operation, be sure to draw up an acceptance certificate for the work performed, specifying the developer’s warranty obligations.
This 6x9 house is a great version of a two story conversion.

Reviews and disputes: which cheap house is better?

To explain which of the cheap houses is better, we suggest you read the comments we collected from various forums:

Alexander V.

I want to talk about building a cheap house. Moreover, I will touch upon not only the monetary side of the issue, but also the labor-intensive one. We buy modern materials, preferably from a construction hypermarket, where prices are much cheaper. We discard ideas about buildings made from scrap materials (clay, straw, wild stone) as untenable. In the 21st century, we can talk about walls made of clay and foundations made of rubble. We're talking about modern housing, not Grandpa Pumpkin's house. We won’t even consider the environmental friendliness of building materials. At the time of the developed world wide web, you can find the most conflicting opinions about any material.
We will not consider hired builders either. This multiplies the estimate by at least two times initially. We carry out the construction ourselves; anyone can do it. The question is the duration of the process.
And so the foundation. When building a house you cannot do without it. The most appropriate and cost-effective is a strip foundation on piles. The task is not difficult. Every 2m we drill piles, the length depends on the soil, and fill in the grillage.
Still, the cheapest construction will be a frame house insulated with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. Building a house from brick or sides with cement mortar will increase the cost of the estimate, take a lot of time, and as a result we will get a cold structure that requires insulation.

Bogdan S.

I was going to build a 6x9 house. For two months now, I have been working on a personal project and drawing up a construction estimate. I read smart books, participate in forums on all topics of interest, and watch videos. Now I’ve read it and understand that I have everything as you said: a pile foundation, a frame house, a slate roof. Interior finishing: plasterboard, OSB boards and wallpaper. Of course, plus heating and lighting. One thing I can say is that I am not investing in 10 thousand conditional raccoons. A bit more.

Sergey Zh.

I developed a project for a 50 m2 house for a friend of mine. Nothing special, a budget option, but a home for year-round use. The foundation is solid. Wooden frame house insulated with mineral wool. There is a vapor barrier film on the outside, hardboard on the inside. The roof is slate. Quite a warm building, suitable for winter use. The appearance is not very good. Just covered with a vapor barrier. You can subsequently cover it with siding. But the budget is the most modest. An acquaintance spent only 4 thousand USD. True, I built it myself, I didn’t even want to hear about any hired crew.

Looking at my house, I am increasingly convinced that it is unlikely that anything can be built cheaper than a frame house. I insulated the walls, rollers, and roof with 15 cm thick mineral wool. In addition, I built an attic floor. My roof is the simplest gable roof, covered with zerolin. The outside was finished with siding, and the inside was covered with OSB and wallpaper. It cost me the pleasure of $9500.

The frame is the cheapest and warmest, but this does not mean that it is free. Everything is relative. Some friends of mine built a house from sibit. They were happy until winter came. They were frozen through the winter, and now they are deciding how to insulate themselves and what it will cost.

Of course, the main costs are building materials, which we will talk about in more detail.

Modern building materials are the cheapest way to build a house

There is enormous competition in the modern building materials market. Therefore, having made a short walk around the main points of purchase, building materials such as a hypermarket, bazaar or warehouse, it will not be difficult to find the most reasonable price. But different materials differ significantly in price.

The author of the article does not pursue the goal of promoting this or that building material, since the site is not engaged in their sale. The main thing is that a person with a limited budget for construction can become the owner of a good and solid home.

Before reading the various house options, pay attention to Compared to other houses, it is cheap to build.

Cheap brick house?

1. Brick.

As many people know, brick is one of the most durable, but also the heaviest materials. Based on this, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

1. high strength and durability;
2. excellent sound insulation;
3. availability;
4. environmental friendliness.

Flaws:

1. large mass - a solid foundation will be required;
2. insufficient energy saving;
3. difficult to process;
4. long process of building a building.

Modern brick allows you to build a house of any size and design.

Cheap steel structure house

1. Durable steel structures.

Today it is one of the most durable and affordable building materials, which allows you to build reliable structures, houses, etc. in the shortest possible time.

Advantages:

1. affordable price;
2. quick and easy installation;
3. versatility - you can build any structure;
4. Using modern finishing materials you can create a unique exterior.

Flaws:

1. low strength;
2. poor thermal insulation and sound insulation without the presence of additional insulating materials.

Durable steel structures today are becoming increasingly popular in the construction of private houses.

Cheap wooden house - is it true?

1. Log or timber

A modern, stylish house made of logs looks amazing, and its high environmental friendliness, strength and thermal insulation make this building material stand out from others.

Advantages:

1. high strength;
2. environmental friendliness;
3. excellent sound insulation;
4. quick and easy installation;
5. high thermal insulation;
6. easy to process;
7. relatively light weight;
8. amazing appearance.

Flaws:

1. price;
2. the need for additional treatment against pests;
3. fire hazard without special impregnations;
4. low hydraulic stability.

A modern house made of logs or beams is stylish, practical and comfortable.

Favorite: cheap house made of foam concrete

1. Foam concrete is the most profitable material for building a house.

A lightweight building material that surpasses others in its characteristics.

Advantages:

1. quick and easy installation;
2. high load capacity and low weight;
3. high strength over time;
4. excellent sound and heat insulation;
5. light weight;
6. reasonable cost;
7. easy to process;
8. environmental friendliness.

Disadvantages:

1. the first few years after manufacture it has low strength;
2. the porous structure of foam concrete will require additional finishing work;
3. hot in summer.

Foam concrete is the cheapest way to build a house.

We looked at some of the most affordable building materials that can be used to build an inexpensive home. Today they are also widely used: twin blocks, monolith, ceramic stone, etc.

For example, the cost of a one-story frame house with two rooms, a kitchen, a living room and a bathroom will cost 600-700 thousand rubles. Thus, the cheapest frame houses can be built for relatively little money.

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